superconduct together The discovery of a surprising feature of superconductivity in an unconventional superconductor by a RIKEN-led research team provides clues about the superconducting mechanism in this material
and thus could aid the search for room-temperature superconductors. Superconductors conduct electricity with zero resistance,
and hence they could potentially revolutionize electric motors, generators and utility grids. However, scientists have yet to discover a material that becomes superconducting at ambient temperature-all known superconductors operate only at cryogenic temperatures,
making them impractical for general applications. Unfortunately, progress toward achieving the goal of room-temperature superconductivity has been hindered by scientistslimited understanding of the fundamental mechanism responsible for the emergence of this remarkable physical phenomenon.
Superconductivity occurs as the result of pairs of electrons binding together in such a way that they act as a single quasiparticle.
In conventional superconductors, which include elemental materials that become superconducting at temperatures very close to absolute zero,
the binding force is provided by vibrations in the atomic lattice through which the electrons travel.
Yet not all superconductors behave this way. In unconventional superconductors that do not fit the conventional model,
this binding force develops in a different manner and various mechanisms have been proposed for it. One such mechanism is the magnetic
recent experiments have shown that this mechanism cannot explain the superconducting state in the quintessential unconventional superconductor Cecu2si2.
and are responsible for superconductivity in Cecu2si2. This kind of electron binding may also be present in the recently discovered class of high-temperature iron-based superconductors. e found that the origin of the unconventional superconductivity in Cecu2si2 is an exotic multipole degree of freedom consisting of entangled spins
and orbitals, says Suzuki. he finding urges us to reconsider the mechanism of superconductivity. c
#Water heals a bioplastic (w/video) A drop of water self-heals a multiphase polymer derived from the genetic code of squid ring teeth,
These metasurface devices, described in a paper published online on August 31, 2015, in the journal Nature Nanotechnology("Dielectric metasurfaces for complete control of phase and polarization with subwavelength spatial resolution and high transmission"
Like all light, laser pulses feature electric fields that normally point in many directions. Polarizing a laser pulse aligns these fields along one direction,
making many materials that have good electrical conductivity, flexibility and transparency-all three are needed for foldable electronics-wear out too quickly to be practical,
said Zhifeng Ren, a physicist at the University of Houston and principal investigator at the Texas Center for Superconductivity,
Victor Anaskin) Surface plasmons are electromagnetic waves propagating along a metal-dielectric interface (e g.,, gold/air) and having the amplitudes exponentially decaying in the neighbor media.
creating the intense internal electric field. This field now becomes the dominating factor in determining the emission properties.
An experimental setup to measure electric fields with extremely high temporal resolution and sensitivity has made now it possible to directly detect vacuum fluctuations,
or other bulk carbon anodes in a battery,"said Xiulei (David) Ji, the lead author of the study and an assistant professor of chemistry in the College of Science at Oregon State university."
because they open some new alternatives to batteries that can work with well-established and inexpensive graphite as the anode,
Aside from its ability to work well with a carbon anode however, lithium is quite rare,
The new findings show that it can work effectively with graphite or soft carbon in the anode of an electrochemical battery.
and be ready to take the advantage of the existing manufacturing processes of carbon anode materials."
an Associate professor of Electrical engineering at KAUST, tells Nanowerk. To complement existing designs for stretchable antenna systems
The use of static field elements can lead to the undesirable presence of static magnetic fields on the electron source (cathode)
University of Wisconsin-Madison electrical engineers have created the fastest, most responsive flexible silicon phototransistor ever made.
"A hybrid intercalation battery based on a sodium/magnesium (Na/Mg) dual salt electrolyte, metallic magnesium anode,
and a cathode based on Fes2 nanocrystals. ACS) Today, lithium-ion batteries are the storage technology of choice for many applications, from electric cars to smartphones.
inexpensive and high-energy density anode material and paired it with pyrite, which is made of iron and sulfur,
as the cathode. The electrolyte the electrically conducting component contains sodium and magnesium ions. Testing showed that the resulting devices energy density was close to that of lithium-ion batteries.
and Dr. Kaddour Bouazza-Marouf, Reader in Mechatronics in Medicine, said the device learns from its user,
Applying an electric field can send these ions streaming away from the satellite at high speeds
This electron wave creates a trailing wave-shaped electric field structure on which the electrons surf and by
The Stanford team ended up using our old friend graphene to play the cathode to aluminum's anode.
Flux focusers are large areas of superconductor that improve magnetic field sensitivity and minimize parasitic fluxes.
to being generated mostly by electric dipole transitions (the linear push and pull of electric forces). Those two emission pathways have distinct spectra,
A high enough level of doping will transform cuprates into high-temperature superconductors, and as cuprates evolve from being insulators to superconductors, they first transition through a mysterious phase known as the pseudogap,
where an additional amount of energy is required to strip electrons out of the material. For years, physicists have debated the origin of the pseudogap
and its relationship to superconductivity whether it is a necessary precursor to superconductivity or a competing phase with a distinct set of symmetry properties.
perhaps iridates will help us resolve some of the longstanding debates about the relationship between the pseudogap and high-temperature superconductivity,
Benjamin Tee, a recent doctoral graduate in electrical engineering; Alex Chortos, a doctoral candidate in materials science and engineering;
which are particularly effective at tunneling the signals from the electric field of nearby objects to the receiving electrode in a way that maximizes sensitivity.
According to the press release, these electrons are used then to supplement the voltage stored in the lithium-anode portion of the solar battery.
which gave rise to the very high electric field necessary to generate a long-term and dense plasma with little energy.
and oxygen by running an electric current through water, could be used to inexpensively power our homes
such as a magnet or an electromagnet, appear at the other end of the wormhole with no trace of it in between.
because just like how photons are responsible for exerting the force of electromagnetism, gluons are in charge of exerting a strong nuclear force."
which have led to a decrease in both thermal and electrical conductivity. The new liquid-phase sintering creates grain boundaries
He is also a principal investigator for the Texas Center for Superconductivity at UH. Yanliang Liang, a research associate at UH and first author on the paper, said researchers aren't trying to compete directly with conventional lithium-ion batteries."
Low temperature plasmas are formed by applying a high electric field across a gas using an electrode, which breaks down the gas to form plasma.
#New understanding of electromagnetism could enable'antennas on a chip'A team of researchers from the University of Cambridge have unravelled one of the mysteries of electromagnetism,
the discovery could help identify the points where theories of classical electromagnetism and quantum mechanics overlap.
These new observations of radiation resulting from broken symmetry of the electric field may provide some link between the two fields.
dielectric resonators are used already as antennas in mobile phones, for example.""In dielectric aerials, the medium has high permittivity,
these materials become not only efficient resonators, but efficient radiators as well, meaning that they can be used as aerials.
The researchers determined that the reason for this phenomenon is due to symmetry breaking of the electric field associated with the electron acceleration.
there is symmetry of the electric field. Symmetry breaking can also apply in cases such as a pair of parallel wires in which electrons can be accelerated by applying an oscillating electric field."
"In aerials, the symmetry of the electric field is broken'explicitly 'which leads to a pattern of electric field lines radiating out from a transmitter,
such as a two wire system in which the parallel geometry is broken, '"said Sinha. The researchers found that by subjecting the piezoelectric thin films to an asymmetric excitation,
the symmetry of the system is broken similarly, resulting in a corresponding symmetry breaking of the electric field,
and the generation of electromagnetic radiation. The electromagnetic radiation emitted from dielectric materials is due to accelerating electrons on the metallic electrodes attached to them
as Maxwell predicted, coupled with explicit symmetry breaking of the electric field.""If you want to use these materials to transmit energy,
you have to break the symmetry as well as have accelerating electrons--this is the missing piece of the puzzle of electromagnetic theory,
but these results will aid understanding of how electromagnetism and quantum mechanics cross over and join up.
UNSW Associate professor Andrea Morello from the School of Electrical engineering and Telecommunications, said his team had realised successfully a new control method for future quantum computers.
can be controlled using electric fields, instead of using pulses of oscillating magnetic fields, "explained UNSW's Dr Arne Laucht,
using a very localized electric field.""This distortion at the atomic level has the effect of modifying the frequency at
"The findings suggest that it would be possible to locally control individual qubits with electric fields in a large-scale quantum computer using only inexpensive voltage generators, rather than the expensive high-frequency microwave sources.
when exposed to an electric current. The group first developed a technique to create a film of aligned carbon nanotubes composed of tiny tubes of crystalline carbon
This photo-thermoelectric effect turns out to occur almost instantaneously, thus enabling the ultrafast conversion of absorbed light into electrical signals.
#From metal to insulator and back again Metals are compounds that are capable of conducting the flow of electrons that make up an electric current.
Other materials, called insulators, are not capable of conducting an electric current. At low temperatures, all materials can be classified as either insulators or metals.
Metals are compounds that are capable of conducting the flow of electrons that make up an electric current.
Other materials, called insulators, are not capable of conducting an electric current. At low temperatures, all materials can be classified as either insulators or metals.
An efficient terahertz emission from two-dimensional arrays of gold split-ring resonator metamaterials was discovered as a result of excitation by a near-infrared pulsed laser.
The building blocks of metamaterials, known as split-ring resonators, can be designed to exhibit strong electric and magnetic response to electromagnetic fields over a wide frequency range, from terahertz to infrared.
when a two-dimensional array of nanometer-sized gold metamaterial resonators is illuminated by a tunable near-infrared femtosecond laser,
In these states, the electric field is either perpendicular to the radial axis or radial at each given point."
researchers attach it to a tiny vibrating device, known as a nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS) resonator.""One standard way to tell the difference between molecules is to weigh them using a technique called mass spectrometry.
#Electrical power converter allows grid to easily accept power from renewable energy Doctoral student Joseph Carr developed the system with his adviser, Juan Balda, University Professor and head of the department of electrical engineering.
#When mediated by superconductivity, light pushes matter million times more The results of the research were published in Nature Communications in April.
The microcombed CNT film also had 80 percent higher electrical conductivity than the uncombed film.""This is a significant advance,
The findings result from experiments led by electrical engineering Professor Krishna Shenoy, whose Stanford lab focuses on movement control and neural prostheses--such as artificial arms--controlled by the user's brain."
and Stephen I. Ryu, now a consulting professor of electrical engineering at Stanford and a neurosurgeon at the Palo alto Medical Foundation.
the aggregates change the electrical conductivity of the chip, which gives a simple electrical readout indicating that the sample contains HIV-1.
an associate professor of electrical engineering and computer sciences, has found that a slight tilt of the magnets makes them easy to switch without an external magnetic field.
#Quantum states in a nano-object manipulated using a mechanical system Scientists at The swiss Nanoscience Institute at the University of Basel have used resonators made from single-crystalline diamonds to develop a novel device in
For the first time, the researchers were able to show that this mechanical system can be used to coherently manipulate an electron spin embedded in the resonator--without external antennas or complex microelectronic structures.
the research team led by Georg H. Endress Professor Patrick Maletinsky described how resonators made from single-crystalline diamonds with individually embedded electrons are suited highly to addressing the spin of these electrons.
These diamond resonators were modified in multiple instances so that a carbon atom from the diamond lattice was replaced with a nitrogen atom in their crystal lattices with a missing atom directly adjacent.
When the resonator now begins to oscillate, strain develops in the diamond's crystal structure. This
Extremely fast spin oscillation In this latest publication, the scientists have shaken the resonators in a way that allows them to induce a coherent oscillation of the coupled spin for the first time.
This spin oscillation is compared fast with the frequency of the resonator. It also protects the spin against harmful decoherence mechanisms.
It is conceivable that this diamond resonator could be applied to sensors--potentially in a highly sensitive way
--because the oscillation of the resonator can be recorded via the altered spin. These new findings also allow the spin to be rotated coherently over a very long period of close to 100 microseconds,
or anode, are reported in the journal Nature Communications, in a paper by MIT professor Ju Li and six others.
The use of nanoparticles with an aluminum yolk and a titanium dioxide shell has proven to be"the high-rate champion among high-capacity anodes"
Most present lithium-ion batteries--the most widely used form of rechargeable batteries--use anodes made of graphite, a form of carbon.
because it's not good for electrical conductivity, "Li says. They ended up converting the alumina layer to titania (Tio2),
"It's probably the best anode material available.""Full cell tests using lithium iron phosphate as cathode have been successful,
indicating ATO is quite close to being ready for real applications. The research team included Sa Li, Yu Cheng Zhao,
and the contact points with metal connections on silicon are no longer smooth enough to be used efficiently in electrical circuits.
The Van der waals force is the attractive sum of short-range electric dipole interactions between uncharged molecules. Thanks to strong Van der waals interactions between graphene and boron nitride, CVD graphene can be separated from the copper
which is the breakup of water into hydrogen and oxygen gases by an electric current. As an example of boiling behavior
but further analysis revealed that the gaseous cushion was in fact mostly water vaporized by energy from the electric current.
what gives rise to the very high electric field necessary to generate a long-term and dense plasma with little energy.
be it a grating, resonator or waveguide, which will enable control of the photons that the quantum dot generates.
Professor Kyung-Cheol Choi and his research team from the School of Electrical engineering at KAIST have developed fiber-like light emitting diodes,
and Dr Kaddour Bouazza-Marouf, Reader in Mechatronics in Medicine, said the device learns from its user,
while still allowing the ions to flow seamlessly to complete the electrical circuit in the cell.
#Magnetic fields provide a new way to communicate wirelessly Electrical engineers at the University of California, San diego demonstrated a new wireless communication technique that works by sending magnetic signals through the human body.
"In this study, electrical engineers demonstrated a technique called magnetic field human body communication, which uses the body as a vehicle to deliver magnetic energy between electronic devices.
Although superconductivity has already been observed in intercalated bulk graphite--three-dimensional crystals layered with alkali metal atoms,
based on the graphite used in pencils--inducing superconductivity in single-layer graphene has eluded until now scientists.""Decorating monolayer graphene with a layer of lithium atoms enhances the graphene's electron-phonon coupling to the point where superconductivity can be induced,
"says Andrea Damascelli, director of UBC's Quantum Matter Institute and lead scientist of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences study outlining the discovery.
"Decorating monolayer graphene with a layer of lithium atoms enhances the graphene's electron-phonon coupling to the point where superconductivity can be stabilized."
"Given the massive scientific and technological interest, the ability to induce superconductivity in single-layer graphene promises to have significant cross-disciplinary impacts.
Although superconductivity has already been observed in intercalated bulk graphite--three-dimensional crystals layered with alkali metal atoms,
based on the graphite used in pencils--inducing superconductivity in single-layer graphene has eluded until now scientists.""Decorating monolayer graphene with a layer of lithium atoms enhances the graphene's electron-phonon coupling to the point where superconductivity can be induced,
"says Andrea Damascelli, director of UBC's Quantum Matter Institute and lead scientist of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences study outlining the discovery.
"Decorating monolayer graphene with a layer of lithium atoms enhances the graphene's electron-phonon coupling to the point where superconductivity can be stabilized."
"Given the massive scientific and technological interest, the ability to induce superconductivity in single-layer graphene promises to have significant cross-disciplinary impacts.
To make the solar array, Kyusang Lee, a doctoral student in electrical engineering, built custom solar cells in the lab of Stephen Forrest, the Peter A. Franken Distinguished University Professor of Engineering and Paul G. Goebel
Strong perturbation So far, electrical circuits based on spin waves have not been realised, since it turned out to be impossible to introduce a perturbation in the system large enough to create spin waves.
This influences the motion of the electron, resulting in an electric current that the researchers can measure.
and convert the light into electric current using excited states in the material called"excitons.""Roughly speaking, an exciton is displaced a electron bound together with the hole it left behind.
which is so short that the electric field oscillates only twice. These characteristics, in combination with its coherence, make the light source a compact and ultrasensitive molecular detector.
making many materials that have good electrical conductivity, flexibility and transparency--all three are needed for foldable electronics--wear out too quickly to be said practical
Zhifeng Ren, a physicist at the University of Houston and principal investigator at the Texas Center for Superconductivity,
The work by Shanhui Fan, a professor of electrical engineering at Stanford, research associate Aaswath P. Raman and doctoral candidate Linxiao Zhu is described in the current issue of Proceedings of the National Academy
says Timothy Lu, an associate professor of electrical engineering and computer science and biological engineering.""These bacteriophages are designed in a way that's relatively modular.
including ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity, superconductivity and colossal magnetoresistance. In the past couple of years, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites have been processed solution into thin films
Its flexibility, optical transparency and electrical conductivity make it suitable for a wide range of applications, including printed electronics.
similar to the alternating current (AC) that powers homes and businesses, said Won Park, an electrical engineer at the University of Colorado Boulder.
electronic circuitry in the computer's power supply converts the AC oscillations into direct current (DC) that the device can use.
which combines an antenna's function of receiving electromagnetic waves with a rectifier's function of outputting direct current.
University of Wisconsin-Madison electrical engineers have created the fastest, most responsive flexible silicon phototransistor ever made.
explains senior author Steven Cummer, an electrical engineer at Duke university in Durham, North carolina a
#Simple Test Makes Blood-clot-busting Drug Safer Scientists in China have developed a fluorescent probe to detect both heparin and its major contaminant.
The electrolyte is a chemical substance that carries electrical charge between the battery anode and cathode to charge
and discharge the cell. It consists of a salt and solvent possibly additives and, not by design, impurities.
Other members of the team are mechanical engineering students Kevin Koch, Kevin Gravesmill and Yi Ji and electrical engineering students Marissa Garcia and Julia Kwok.
known as a nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS) resonator. ne standard way to tell the difference between molecules is to weigh them using a technique called mass spectrometry.
The technique also improves the electrical conductivity that makes these films attractive for use in electronic
The microcombed CNT film also had 80 percent higher electrical conductivity than the uncombed film. his is a significant advance,
an associate professor of electrical engineering and computer sciences, has found that tilting magnets slightly makes them easy to switch without an external magnetic field.
An electric current magnetizes the coil inside the reader, and that magnetic field creates a voltage in the sensor coil
Superfluids are thought to flow endlessly, without losing energy, similar to electrons in a superconductor. Observing the behavior of superfluids
The electric field of the laser beams creates what known as a periodic potential landscape, similar to an egg carton,
or corrosion damage or in energy technology to build new electrolytes for rechargeable batteries or enhanced dielectrics for supercapacitors.
The team, led by nanoengineering professor Joseph Wang and electrical engineering professor Patrick Mercier, both from the University of California,
Shannon Hilton and Paul Jones The microfluidic technology, developed in the lab of professor Mark Hayes in the Department of chemistry and Biochemistry at Arizona State university, uses microscale electric field gradients, acting on extremely small samples,
The geometric features of the channel shape the electric field creating regions of different intensity. This field creates the dielectrophoretic force that allows some cells to pass,
Nanopore technology, currently under development by many private enterprises, distinguishes individual nucleic acids by the distinctive perturbations they create in electric currents as they pass through microscopic pores.
and off at record high petahertz speeds, creating a small direct current. Billions of rectennas in an array can produce significant current,
They have created a new type of lithium-ion battery anode using portabella mushrooms, which are inexpensive, environmentally friendly and easy to produce.
The current industry standard for rechargeable lithium-ion battery anodes is synthetic graphite, which comes with a high cost of manufacturing
A conventional anode allows lithium to fully access most of the material during the first few cycles
The mushroom carbon anode technology could, with optimization, replace graphite anodes. It also provides a binderless
and current-collector free approach to anode fabrication. ith battery materials like this, future cell phones may see an increase in run time after many uses, rather than a decrease,
due to apparent activation of blind pores within the carbon architectures as the cell charges and discharges over time,
Hierarchically Porous Carbon Anodes for Li-ion Batteries, published on Sept. 29 in the journal Nature Scientific Reports.
Nanocarbon architectures derived from biological materials such as mushrooms can be considered a green and sustainable alternative to graphite-based anodes,
It is expected that nearly 900,000 tons of natural raw graphite would be needed for anode fabrication for nearly six million electric vehicle forecast to be built by 2020.
This paper involving mushrooms is published just over a year after the Ozkan labs developed a lithium-ion battery anode based on nanosilicon via beach sand as the natural raw material.
Ozkan team is currently working on the development of pouch prototype batteries based on nanosilicon anodes. The UCR Office of Technology Commercialization has filed patents for the inventions above o
or other bulk carbon anodes in a battery, said Xiulei (David) Ji, the lead author of the study
because they open some new alternatives to batteries that can work with well-established and inexpensive graphite as the anode,
Aside from its ability to work well with a carbon anode, however lithium is quite rare,
The new findings show that it can work effectively with graphite or soft carbon in the anode of an electrochemical battery.
and be ready to take the advantage of the existing manufacturing processes of carbon anode materials. lectrical energy storage in batteries is essential not only for consumer products such as cell phones and computers,
Its flexibility, optical transparency and electrical conductivity make it suitable for a wide range of applications, including printed electronics.
#A New Type of Memristors for Less Rigid Computing Two IT giants, Intel and HP, have entered a race to produce a commercial version of memristors (the fourth basic component of electronic circuits alongside resistors,
Other systems have been developed to control boiling using electric fields, but these have required special fluids rather than water,
Uhlmann first began working with cloaking theories in 2003, back then with electric fields in two dimensions.
Now electrical engineers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have created a new kind of phototransistor and it is the fastest,
such as the one at the International Thermonuclear Experimental reactor (ITER) project in southern France, use giant coils of electromagnets that consume much more energy than the machine actually produces.
The novelty of the ARC design is the nature of the electromagnets that confine the plasma.
ut the electromagnets had to be coppero superconductor could tolerate that magnetic field. Now the advent of advanced superconductor tapes could enable a compact reactor that produces fusion continuously.
Published in Fusion Engineering and Design, the ARC reactor paper stresses that, for the moment, it a conceptual design only.
then used a similar process to develop tiny carbon spheres that act as a battery's anode.
"We envisage that batteries composed of these anode materials could be charged faster than those fabricated using conventional carbon materials."
But materials that exhibit thermoelectric properties the ability to convert heat to electric current tend to work only at higher temperatures than those seen in engines.
said Sayeef Salahuddin, an associate professor of electrical engineering and computer sciences, and head of the research team at Berkley. owever, the physics needed to create long-term storage are not compatible with integrated circuits.
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011