In 2012, researchers at the University of Leeds published the first observations at a single-molecule level of how the core of a single-stranded RNA VIRUS packs itself into its outer shell remarkable process
because the core must first be folded correctly to fit into the protective viral protein coat. The viruses solve this fiendish problem in milliseconds,
then devised mathematical algorithms to crack the code governing the process and built computer-based models of the coding system.
Professor Reidun Twarock, of the Departments of Mathematics and Biology at York, said: he Enigma machine metaphor is apt.
We have now proved that those computer models work in real viral messages. The next step will be to widen the study into animal viruses.
because it learned all the necessary steps by watching videos on Youtube. It might sound like science fiction,
Researchers at the University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies (UMIACS) partnered with a scientist at the National Information Communications technology Research Centre of Excellence in Australia (NICTA) to develop robotic systems that are able
The work will be presented on Jan 29, 2015, at the Association for the Advancement of Artificial intelligence Conference in Austin,
artificial intelligence, or the design of computers that can make their own decisions; computer vision, or the engineering of systems that can accurately identify shapes and movements;
and natural language processing, or the development of robust systems that can understand spoken commands. Although the underlying work is complex,
said Yiannis Aloimonos, UMD professor of computer science and director of the Computer Vision Lab, one of 16 labs and centers in UMIACS. ut cooking is complex in terms of manipulation,
The work also relies on a specialized software architecture known as deep-learning neural networks. While this approach is not new
while for computing technology to catch up. Similar versions of neural networks are responsible for the voice recognition capabilities in smartphones
and the facial recognition software used by Facebook and other websites. While robots have been used to carry out complicated tasks for decadeshink automobile assembly lineshese must be programmed carefully
and calibrated by human technicians. Self learning robots could gather the necessary information by watching others,
In addition to Aloimonos and Fermüller, study authors includedyezhou Yang, a UMD computer science doctoral student, and Yi Li, a former doctoral student of Aloimonos and Fermüller from NICTA.
#Huge 3d Displays without 3d Glasses Public screenings have become an important part of major sports events.
Currently it only has a modest resolution of five pixels by three but it clearly shows that the system works. e are creating a second prototype
But the crucial point is that the individual laser pixels work. Scaling it up to a display with many pixels is not a problemsays Jörg Reitterer (Trilite Technologies and Phd-student in the team of Professor Ulrich Schmid at the Vienna University of Technology.
Every single 3d-Pixel (also called rixel consists of lasers and a moveable mirror. he mirror directs the laser beams across the field of vision from left to right.
During that movement the laser intensity is modulated so that different laser flashes are sent into different directionssays Ulrich Schmid.
To experience the 3d effect the viewer must be positioned in a certain distance range from the screen.
If the distance is too large both eyes receive the same image and only a normal 2d picture can be seen.
Seen from different angles the display shows different pictures. Hundreds of Images at Once3d movies in the cinema only show two different pictures one for each eye.
The newly developed display however can present hundreds of pictures. Walking by the display one can get a view of the displayed object from different sides just like passing a real object.
For this however a new video format is required which has already been developed by the researchers. oday 3d cinema movies can be converted into our 3d format
but we expect that new footage will be created especially for our displays perhaps with a much larger number of camerassays Franz Fiedler CTO of Trilite Technologies.
Trilite) Compared to a movie screen the display is very vivid. Therefore it can be used outdoors even in bright sunlight.
and a single conductive tether transmits power to a mobile ground station. Remote customers typically pay over $0. 30/kwh USD for electricity.
Internet and sensory equipment alongside the turbine to provide additional services for customers. The addition of payload equipment does not affect the BAT performance.
Capacitors use an electrostatic charge to store energy they can release quickly, to a camera flash, for example.
Tour is the T. T. and W. F. Chao Chair in Chemistry as well as a professor of materials science and nanoengineering and of computer science and a member of the Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology.
The team most recent advance also brings the field closer to realizing carbon nanotube transistors as a feasible replacement for silicon transistors in computer chips and in high-frequency communication devices,
and electrical and computer engineering graduate student Meng-Yin Wu r
#Fujitsu develops ring-type wearable device capable of text input by fingertip Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd. today announced the development of a compact and lightweight wearable ring-type device that offers handwriting-input
Wearable devices have been making inroads into the workplace in recent years notably with head-mounted displays (HMDS) in line with putting ICT to use so as to not stop
The ring-type wearable device that Fujitsu Laboratories developed identifies the fingertip movements users make as they write in the air
As data from the object to be worked on can be selected easily in a hands-free manner the performance of maintenance
and other wearable devices for maintenance and other tasks in factories and buildings where ICT can be put to use to free up hands for operations.
Because operators do need not to hold devices in their hands to receive information in the field there are especially high expectations for the use of such wearable devices in fieldwork for
With display devices such as HMDS it is possible to browse information without taking out a separate smart device.
Users can therefore receive information without occupying their hands. The problem however is that it is difficult to manipulate the information received.
Despite being ring-sized the device includes motion sensors for text input an NFC tag reader and wireless communication functionality.
This technology allows operators to manipulate data without stopping what they are doing and with a minimum of movement even while holding other tools.
and collects data on each as they interact with each other the researchers have learned already more about how T cells major players in the immune response become activated during infection.
The device is based on microfluidic technology developed by Joel Voldman an MIT professor of electrical engineering and computer science (EECS) in 2009.
This technique allows the researchers to follow hundreds of cell pairs over time and monitor
which could bring superior computers, cryptography and communications technologies. hese results indicate that the brightness of the nanodiamond-based single-photon emitter could be enhanced substantially by placing such an emitter on the surface of the hyperbolic metamaterial,
said Alexander Kildishev, associate professor of electrical and computer engineering at Purdue. he single-photon emitters could be used to build highly efficient room temperature CMOS-compatible single-photon sources.
Research findings are detailed in a cover paper appearing in the Jan 15 issue of Laser & Photonics Reviews.
He and Kildishev are working with a team of researchers led by Vladimir M. Shalaev, scientific director of nanophotonics at Purdue Birck Nanotechnology Center and a distinguished professor of electrical and computer engineering,
and Alexandra Boltasseva, an associate professor of electrical and computer engineering. Professors Shalaev, Kildishev and Boltasseva are a part of a Purdue reeminent teamworking on quantum photonics.
Instead of only the states of one and zero that exist in conventional computers, there are many possible uperposition quantum states.
Computers based on quantum physics would have quantum bits, or ubits, increasing the computer capacity to process, store,
and transmit information. The nitrogen vacancy also makes it possible to potentially record information based on the nuclear or electron pinstate of the center,
However, current ATRP methods by design use metal catalysts a major roadblock to applications for which metal contamination is an issue,
This new method of radical polymerization doesn involve heavy metal catalysts like copper. Their innovative, metal-free ATRP process uses an organic-based photocatalyst
Now this method opens doors for a new class of organic-based photoredox catalysts. Controlling radical polymerization processes is critical for the synthesis of functional block polymers.
Software developed by Fraunhofer researchers will ensure an optimum use of the available wind energy at any time.
Considering meteorological data the software for the new ship type uses a navigation algorithm to calculate a route with the optimum angle to the wind for maximum effect of the design. ith our weather routing module the best route can be calculated
such as aero-and hydrodynamic data as well as weather forecasts from the meteorological services, such as wind speed and wave height.
By the end of January 2015, the software will be handed over to the company Lade AS.
#Solar chip monitors windows It happens all too often in the cold times of the year:
By keeping both processor and chip extremely small, the latter is extremely frugal. In addition, the researchers constructed switches that consume little energy,
Depending on the user preferences, the sensor can be set so that it wakes up every few minutes,
and a quality control crew is summoned to the site. To clean up the mess, the ribosome is disassembled,
which allows small motors using a minimal amount of force for the mechanical tracking. he vision is that such a microtracking CPV panel could be placed on a roof in the same space as a traditional solar panel
Because the total panel thickness is only about a centimeter and 99 percent of it everything except the solar cells
#One-atom-thin silicon transistors hold promise for super-fast computing Researchers at The University of Texas at Austin Cockrell School of engineering have created the first transistors made of silicene, the world thinnest silicon material.
Their research holds the promise of building dramatically faster, smaller and more efficient computer chips.
Deji Akinwande, an assistant professor in the Cockrell School Department of Electrical and Computer engineering, and his team, including lead researcher Li Tao,
and could pave the way for future generations of faster, energy-efficient computer chips. Their work was published this week in the journal Nature Nanotechnology.
#Graphene displays clear prospects for flexible electronics Published in the scientific journal Nature Materials, University of Manchester and University of Sheffield researchers show that new 2d esigner materialscan be produced to create flexible, see-through and more efficient electronic devices.
and related 2d materials could be utilised to create light emitting devices for the next-generation of mobile phones,
tablets and televisions to make them incredibly thin, flexible, durable and even semitransparent. The LED device was constructed by combining different 2d crystals
and Philip Liang SM 6 is using smart devices to monitor hand hygiene among hospital staff
The Medsense system includes a smart badge, beacons, dispenser monitors, and a base station. Courtesy of General Sensing The Medsense system includes a smart badge, beacons, dispenser monitors,
and a base station. Courtesy of General Sensing Called Medsense Clear, the system revolves around a badge worn by hospital staff.
The badge then sends data to a base station that pushes the data to a Web page where individuals can monitor their hand-washing,
and administrators can see data about overall hand-hygiene compliance among staff. A 2014 study in the Journal of Infection and Public health concluded that compliance with WHO hand-washing rules jumped 25 percent in one month when staff used Medsense in a 16-bed hospital unit at Salmaniya
The startup is also now developing a system to monitor hospital workflow, with aims of pinpointing areas where time
An example of what a user may see on the Medsense HQ website. Compliance rates are listed as percentages by shifts and units.
A graph displays compliance averages by the week. Courtesy of General Sensing An example of what a user may see on the Medsense HQ website.
Compliance rates are listed as percentages by shifts and units. A graph displays compliance averages by the week.
Courtesy of General Sensing e think it important that the system provides feedback when it actionable without getting in the way of delivering care,
When workers are within 50 feet of the station, the station routes the badge data over the network to an online dashboard, called Medsense HQ.
Administrators can see aggregated data indicating, for instance, which units are more or less compliant with hand-hygiene protocols.
a phenomenon called the Hawthorne Effect. el look at the data and can pinpoint when the wearer is being watched.
Youl see the data spike and then go back down when the observer leaves, he says.
and can collect data around the clock. leanstart General Sensing may tackle a serious health care issue, but its core technology started as a novelty item:
smart dog collars. In the Media Laboratory class MAS 834 (Tangible Interfaces), Liang, Gips, and Noah Paessel SM 5 created dog collars equipped with RFID technology and accelerometers.
These tracked a dog movement, communicated with smart collars worn by other dogs, and pushed that data online.
Owners could log on to a social media site to check their petsexercise levels, interactions, and compare stats with other pets. t was a bit tongue-in-cheek,
Gips admits. But the students soon found themselves presenting a prototype to hundreds at human computer interaction conference in Portland,
Oregon where it garnered significant attention. With help from Media Lab entrepreneurial advisors and MIT Venture Mentoring Service
When a researcher requested the technology to monitor health care staff, however, the startup decided to get a clean start in the health care industry,
But the data Medsense collects on time spent near and around patients has proven to have another use:
the startup is developing small RFID tags that patients and staff wear, and ceiling-mounted transponders to track the tags, in real-time,
This allows the startup to gather data on patient wait times, treatment patterns, and other things that may reveal wasted time
#Nanoscale mirrored cavities amplify connect quantum memories The idea of computing systems based on controlling atomic spins just got a boost from new research performed at the Massachusetts institute of technology (MIT) and the U s. Department of energy (DOE) Brookhaven National Laboratory.
Such spin-photon interfaces are thought to be essential for connecting distant quantum memories, which could open the door to quantum computers and long-distance cryptographic systems.
and long-range cryptographic networks. ur research demonstrates a technique to extend the storage time of quantum memories in solids that are coupled efficiently to photons,
which is essential to scaling up such quantum memories for functional quantum computing systems and networks, said MIT Dirk Englund,
Scientists at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials (CFN), a DOE Office of Science User Facility at Brookhaven Lab, helped to fabricate
The up or down orientation of the electron spins on these NV centers can be used to encode information in a way that is somewhat analogous to how the charge of many electrons is used to encode the and in a classical computer.
The trick is getting the electron spins in the NV centers to hold onto the stable spin states long enough to perform these logic gate operationsnd being able to transfer information among the individual memory elements to create actual computing networks
#Computing at the speed of light University of Utah engineers have taken a step forward in creating the next generation of computers
and mobile devices capable of speeds millions of times faster than current machines. The Utah engineers have developed an ultracompact beamsplitter the smallest on record for dividing light waves into two separate channels of information.
and shuttle data with light instead of electrons. Electrical and computer engineering associate professor Rajesh Menon and colleagues describe their invention today in the journal Nature Photonics.
The overhead view of a new beamsplitter for silicon photonics chips that is the size of one-fiftieth the width of a human hair.
University of Utah Electrical and Computer engineering Associate professor Rajesh Menon is leading a team that has created the world smallest beamsplitter for silicon photonic chips.
The discovery will lead to computers and mobile devices that could be millions of times faster than machines today
because the information or data that is computed or shuttled is done through light instead of electrons. Image credit:
Dan Hixson/University of Utah College of Engineeringsilicon photonics could significantly increase the power and speed of machines such as supercomputers, data center servers and the specialized computers that direct autonomous cars and drones with collision detection.
Eventually, the technology could reach home computers and mobile devices and improve applications from gaming to video streaming. ight is the fastest thing you can use to transmit information,
says Menon. ut that information has to be converted to electrons when it comes into your laptop.
In that conversion, youe slowing things down. The vision is to do everything in light. Photons of light carry information over the Internet through fiber-optic networks.
But once a data stream reaches a home or office destination the photons of light must be converted to electrons before a router
or computer can handle the information. That bottleneck could be eliminated if the data stream remained as light within computer processors. ith all light,
computing can eventually be millions of times faster, says Menon. To help do that, the U engineers created a much smaller form of a polarization beamsplitter
(which looks somewhat like a barcode) on top of a silicon chip that can split guided incoming light into its two components.
Before, such a beamsplitter was over 100 by 100 microns. Thanks to a new algorithm for designing the splitter
Menon team has shrunk it to 2. 4 by 2. 4 microns, or one-fiftieth the width of a human hair and close to the limit of what is physically possible.
The beamsplitter would be just one of a multitude of passive devices placed on a silicon chip to direct light waves in different ways.
By shrinking them down in size, researchers will be able to cram millions of these devices on a single chip.
mobile devices such as smartphones or tablets built with this technology would consume less power, have longer battery life
and generate less heat than existing mobile devices. The first supercomputers using silicon photonics already under development at companies such as Intel
and IBM will use hybrid processors that remain partly electronic. Menon believes his beamsplitter could be used in those computers in about three years.
Data centers that require faster connections between computers also could implement the technology soon, he says.
Source: University of Uta o
#Taking control of light emission Researchers have found a way to couple the properties of different two-dimensional materials to provide an exceptional degree of control over light waves.
They say this has the potential to lead to new kinds of light detection, thermal-management systems,
and their co-authors at IBM T. J. Watson Research center, Hong kong Polytechnic University, and the University of Minnesota.
Many researchers see improved interconnection of optical and electronic components as a path to more efficient computation and imaging systems.
Phaedon Avouris, a researcher at IBM and co-author of the paper, says, he combination of these two materials provides a unique system that allows the manipulation of optical processes.
a researcher at IBM and the University of Minnesota, says, ur work paves the way for using 2-D material heterostructures for engineering new optical properties on demand.
Youtube video screenshotur molecular pump is radical chemistry an ingenious way of transferring energy from molecule to molecule,
Independently, the biotechnology company Prothena Corporation plc also discovered complementary data regarding MCAM, which led to an ongoing collaboration between the CRCHUM and Prothena.
One of the key advertised benefits of this novel quadcopter is its low operational costs:
even more than in cars and other gadgets, there is a direct penalty for adding more batterieshe drone becomes heavier.
#Toward reenpaper-thin, flexible electronics The rapid evolution of gadgets has brought us an impressive array of martproducts from phones to tablets,
The recorded signal is carried then via wire bundles from the patient brain to a computer,
The arrays were connected by a cable to a system of computers that processed the signals,
and controlled output devices that included a computer cursor and a robotic arm developed by collaborators at Johns hopkins university.
the patient was trained to control the computer cursor and the robotic arm with his mind.
Direct brain control of robots and computers has the potential to dramatically change the lives of many people,
New technique, called eep learning is a system of algorithms that enable robots to learn motor tasks through trial and error.
It is called already a major milestone in the field of artificial intelligence. Scientists posing with robot they nicknamed BRETT.
It is a major milestone in the field of artificial intelligence as this is robot that can learn by itself
Professor Pieter Abbeel of UC Berkeley Department of Electrical engineering and Computer sciences said it is a new way to empower robot
and make it learn without changes to software.?The key is that when a robot is faced with something new,
The exact same software, which encodes how the robot can learn, was used to allow the robot to learn all the different tasks we gave it he said.
This learning ability did require tremendous amount of programming anyway. Usually, robots have to be programmed to handle the vast range of possible scenarios.
which layers of artificial neurons process overlapping raw sensory data, whether it is sound waves or image pixels.
It helps robot to categorize new object and patterns learn how to behave around them.
Deep learning is used already by programs, such as Siri on iphones, Google speech-to-text program or Google street view,
Scientists were testing their software with a Willow Garage Personal Robot 2 (PR2), which they nicknamed BRETT (Berkeley Robot for the Elimination of Tedious Tasks).
The algorithm controlling BRETT learning included a reward function that provided a score based upon how well the robot was doing with the task.
With more data robots will soon be able to learn much more complex things. It is a tremendous leap forward in robotics
and artificial intelligence, bringing idea of house robots a little step closer. Even though learning processes are still not perfect,
From these clinical features of the disease, the team predicted that there would be a block to the production of pain-sensing neurons during the development of the embryo they confirmed this using a combination of studies in mouse and frog models,
who led the work at Brookhavencenter for Functional Nanomaterials (CFN), a DOE Office of Science User Facility. ntil now,
the reprogramming DNA strands adhere to open binding sites on the already assembled nanoparticles. These strands exert additional forces on the linked-up nanoparticles. y introducing different types of reprogramming DNA strands,
another DOE Office of Science User Facility that operated at Brookhaven Lab from 1982 until last September (now replaced by NSLS-II,
#Use Your Smartphone For Biosensing An Australian research team has shown that smartphones can be reconfigured as cost-effective, portable bioanalytical devices, with details reported in the latest edition of the Open Access Journal ensors
Made up of little more than a tablet, smart phone camera, polarizer and a box, the device is established based on well principles of fluorescent microscopy,
clinically relevant biomarkers found in high concentration in many human diseases. he samples were placed on the tablet
a polarizer sat on top of the samples to help separate the tablet light from the emission from the samples.
This was photographed then by the smartphone with the result obtained by analysing the colour and intensity of the image pixels.
The researchers believe that the device has enormous potential for use in point-of-care medical diagnostics,
Specialised software is required not and setting up the standard commercial tablet and smartphone is very straightforward.
The results can be analysed by simply taking an image and the readout is available immediately.
Goldys believes that we will see rapidly increasing use of smartphone technology in the field of biomedical diagnostics, particularly in resource poor areas.
A free application to convert your smartphone into a bio-sensing readout device will be available for download from the Centre for Nanoscale Biophotonics web site www. cnbp. org. au/smartphone biosensing c
#Who needs water to assemble DNA? Non-aqueous solvent supports DNA NANOTECHNOLOGY Scientists around the world are using the programmability of DNA to assemble complex nanometer scale structures.
By simulating experiments in computers and observing the results, they were able to design actual chemistry experiments and reagents with much better performance than traditional trial-and-error approaches.
collaboration could lead to biodegradable computer chips Portable electronics typically made of nonrenewable, non-biodegradable and potentially toxic materials are discarded at an alarming rate in consumerspursuit of the next best electronic gadget.
In an effort to alleviate the environmental burden of electronic devices, a team of University of Wisconsin-Madison researchers has collaborated with researchers in the Madison-based U s. Department of agriculture Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) to develop a surprising solution:
A cellulose nanofibril (CNF) computer chip rests on a leaf. Image credit: Yei Hwan Jung, Wisconsin Nano Engineering Device Laboratory A cellulose nanofibril (CNF) computer chip rests on a leaf.
Image credit: Yei Hwan Jung, Wisconsin Nano Engineering Device Laboratory The research team, led by UW-Madison electrical
and computer engineering professor Zhenqiang ackma, described the new device in a paper published on May 26, 2015 by the journal Nature Communications.
or support layer, of a computer chip, with cellulose nanofibril (CNF), a flexible, biodegradable material made from wood. he majority of material in a chip is support.
Yei Hwan Jung, a graduate student in electrical and computer engineering and a co-author of the paper,
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