It could help protect sensitive electronic components on microchips such as mobile devices, high-power engines and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI SCANNERS from the heat,
This research could one day lead to a"quantum Internet"that offers next-generation encryption,
In a recent experiment, scientists at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) were able to teleport photons farther across an optical fiber than ever before."
The experiment involved a near-infrared wavelength commonly used in telecommunications, the researchers said.""Only about 1 percent of photons make it all the way through 100 kilometers (60 miles) of fiber,
"Quantum teleportation could enable the development of a"quantum Internet"that allows messages to be sent more securely,
"A quantum Internet could allow you to establish communications channels that are much more secure than what we have with the standard encryption protocols we use everyday nowadays,
of the Georgia Institute of technology in Atlanta, told Space. com via email.""The presence of liquid water on Mars'present-day surface therefore points to environment s that are more habitable than previously thought."
Ojha and his colleagues scrutinized data gathered about four different RSL locations by another MRO instrument, the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM."
which is why the discovery of RSL sites has generated so much excitement over the past four years:
Rather than melting drones in midair like Boeing's new Compact Laser weapons System, AUDS shoots the flying vehicles with something that doesn't destroy them radio waves.
and direct, the aerial bots using radio signals. Enter AUDS, which uses a drone's communication system against it.
Using directional antennas pointed at the drone, AUDS sends the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) radio signals that interfere with the radio signals coming from the remote operator.
When the drone picks up AUDS'signals, it"freezes, "unsure of where to fly. Whoever is controlling the anti-drone system can keep the UAV hovering at a distance until the machine runs out of battery life and crashes to the ground, according to a report by the BBC.
and thermal imaging software to keep the flying vehicle in its sight. Once the drone gets close enough to the anti-drone system,
Commercial drones have also been used in attempts to smuggle contraband goods, like cellphones and weapons, into prisons.
the team created computer simulations that revealed the supercoiled loops wriggling over time. Typically, the DNA helix is formed
his Ph d. student Asier Marzo and other colleagues ran computer simulations through myriad different patterns of sound waves to find the ones that produced the signature combination of a low-pressure region surrounded by high-pressure zones.
Aprecia Pharmaceuticals has developed a way of producing individually dosed tablets that dissolve on contact with liquid.
The fascinating part is that each tablet is produced using a layering technique similar to now common 3d printing.
and the process is repeated until the correct amount of drug is embedded within the tablet. Each tablet is extremely porous
and breaks down once in contact with a liquid, so even kids and those having trouble swallowing can put one in the mouth,
The Dot watch has a Braille reader on its face and can connect to a smartphone via Bluetooth for programming.
It works as a regular watch that tells time that also includes an alarm feature,
The developers also plan for the device to display text messages and other notifications, as well as one day even pair up with external devices like public cash machines and information displays to offer Braille capability just about anywhere e
#Use of Ultrasound to Promote Faster Healing of Wounds Sometimes discoveries in science are not about the development of new medical devices or drugs,
and fully mobile, so it can be taken from room to room as necessity requires. Here a quick company video showing off the capabilities of the new Virtual Incision robot:
This may allow clinicians to quickly screen patients for sepsis and begin antibiotic treatment a full day earlier than is now typically possible c
and for how long to shine the light that excites the brain cells. Now researchers from Georgia Tech
and using a computer to identify when to deliver light to maintain a desired level of activity.
It features wireless charging and data transmission as well as the ability to program it for individual patient needs.
Malaria Diagnosis to Smartphones Researchers at Texas A&m University have developed a novel point-of-care device for field-based diagnosis of malaria using a smartphone.
The mobile-optical-polarization imaging device (MOPID) attaches to smartphones or tablets and co-opts the camera to detect birefringent hemozoin in histological samples,
which is indicative of malarial infection. Despite advances in diagnostic approaches and treatment, malaria remains one of the leading sources of disease and death in developing nations.
The MOPID device marks another in a series of recent mobile device imaging innovations that are empowering clinicians
and researchers without access to traditional acquisition tools (see our recent post on the smartphone-powered D-EYE Digital Ophthalmoscope
or read about technology pioneer Jonathan Rothberg plan to bring ultrasound to mobile devices) d
#3d Tissue Printing Using a DNA Guidance System Researchers at UCSF have developed a method called DNA Programmed Assembly of Cells (DPAC) that brings us one step closer to being able to print fully functional living organs.
The new approach includes incubating cells with small single stranded snippets of DNA that have been modified to attach to the cellsouter membranes.
DNA-Guided 3-D Printing of Human Tissue is Unveile s
#Brain-Machine Interface Learns to Control Robot Arm Based on User Error Brain signals Brain-machine interfaces (BMIS) restore
or replace motor or sensory function in individuals who are disabled by neuromuscular disorders, stroke, or spinal cord injury.
or when the action does not match the user expectation. The user error signal is integrated into the neuroprosthetic controller,
enabling the neuroprosthetic device to learn incorrect movements and modify its behavior. Twelve subjects trained the Errp decoder to detect their individual Errp signals by observing 350 robot movements where 20%of the movements were incorrect (robot arm moved away from the target.
Mobileodt is inspired by the insight that smartphones are more readily available than physicians and has leveraged this into a new cervical cancer screening product.
Their cervical cancer screening system allows any smartphone to be turned into a colposcope, making this part of the screening process readily available for most clinics.
The hardware is equipped with a light source and magnifying lens that gives a phone camera lens excellent visualization of any abnormalities in the cervical tissue.
Once visualized, the nurse can make a diagnosis or capture photos of the patient cervix and transmit them securely to a physician for further analysis. Mobileodt smartphone application supports annotation of these images and transmission of final recommendations by the remote physicians s
#Nicotine-eating bacteria joins stop-smoking fight Why do people smoke? There's no denying that smoking is horrible for you,
In 25 trials at contaminated drinking sites in Ghana and Bangladesh, the paper was effective at removing 99 percent of bacteria."
"There was one site where there was literally raw sewage being dumped into the stream, which had very high levels of bacteria,
and IBM Research in Zurich, reports Ars Technica. It's called the Solar Sunflower, and like its namesake,
To counteract this, the Sunflower makes use of a hot water cooling system invented by the project's IBM collaborators.
Modumetal's website showcases a number of videos that demonstrate the company's innovative method in visual detail s
So COTSBOT's advanced computer vision and learning algorithm allow it to learn to target crown-of-thorns starfish more accurately.
These electrical signals the same as those a doctor looks at when running an electroencephalogram (EEG) test were sent to a computer,
systems (known as brain-computer interfaces) to move limb prostheses, such as a robotic arm. And last year, a paralyzed person used his brain to control an exoskeleton that allowed him to make the first kick of the 2014 World cup.
he first underwent mental training to learn to use his brain waves to control an avatar in virtual reality.
said that the work"is another step in demonstrating the feasibility of using brain-computer interfaces to control various devices that already exist."
"In the future, the development of new algorithms to filter out these interference signals or the development of a fully implantable brain-computer interface system may allow us to overcome this problem,
and thereby allow a person to use the system without the partial body weight support, "do said.
Data from various probes and rovers like Curiosity and the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter have provided researchers with evidence concluding that there is flowing water on present-day Mars. Scientists understand that Mars was once Earthlike with large
"In summarizing the data presented during the news conference, Meyer confirmed, "There has been no evidence for water until for now."
However, recently scientists found a way to analyze data from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter by extracting data from the pictures on a per pixel level.
one day your smartphone display might even serve as an additional battery, harvesting sunlight to charge the device whenever youe outside t
Google shows off plans to build contact lenses that are powered by and communicate through light pulses. The patent, numbered 9158133,
Google contact lenses will be light-powered. Using embedded cells that turn light into an electronic current,
the ability to measure body heat and blood alcohol content are mentioned as possible new features for the Google lenses.
they can receive data or special instructions, too. This ability can play a key role in many fields.
For example, if a display item has embedded an LED light pulsing a signal at a specific frequency,
and forward this detection to a mobile device. This can mean targeted campaigns and even let makers know how long a person is staring at a specific thing.
However, it clear that Google believes that future hardware shouldn be confined to wraps around the wrist or the body.
but Google has tried it before (remember Glass?)and maybe, the second time the charm c
Professor Hagemeyer said. nce located at the site of the blood clot, thrombin (a molecule at the centre of the clotting process) breaks open the outer layer of the nanocapsule,
The former have a shell that is bonded directly to the core, but yolk-shell particles feature a void between the two equivalent to where the white of an egg would be.
the aluminum core continuously shrinks to become a 30-nm-across olk, which shows that small ions can get through the shell.
the material most commonly found in today's computer chips. But to exploit graphene remarkable electronic properties in semiconductor applications where current must be switched on and off,
A team of users and staff working at the Molecular Foundry have created a thermal imaging technique that can eehow temperature changes from point to point inside the smallest electronic circuits.
Image courtesy of The Molecular Foundry) Used in everything from cell phones to supercomputers, modern microelectronic circuits contain billions of nanometer scale transistors,
This research outcome potentially allows for great flexibility in the design and optimization of electronic and optoelectronic devices like solar panels and telecommunication lasers.
and metamaterials offers tantalizing future prospects for technologies such as high resolution optical microscopes and superfast optical computers.
At the macroscale, among other applications, invisibility cloaks could prove useful for 3d displays i
One of the most critical biological and medical tools available today, it lies at the core of genome analysis. Reading the exact make-up of genes,
Because we use essentially the same device technology as existing computer chips, we believe it will be much easier to manufacture a full-scale processor chip than for any of the leading designs,
which rely on more exotic technologies. his makes the building of a quantum computer much more feasible,
since it is based on the same manufacturing technology as today computer industry, he added. The advance represents the final physical component needed to realise the promise of super-powerful silicon quantum computers,
which harness the science of the very small the strange behaviour of subatomic particles to solve computing challenges that are beyond the reach of even today fastest supercomputers.
In classical computers data is rendered as binary bits, which are always in one of two states:
0 or 1. However, a quantum bit (or ubit can exist in both of these states at once, a condition known as a superposition.
A qubit operation exploits this quantum weirdness by allowing many computations to be performed in parallel (a two-qubit system performs the operation on 4 values, a three-qubit system on 8, and so on.
and turned them into qubits. he silicon chip in your smartphone or tablet already has around one billion transistors on it,
with each transistor less than 100 billionths of a metre in size, said Dr Menno Veldhorst,
We then store the binary code of 0 or 1 on the pinof the electron, which is associated with the electron tiny magnetic field,
"He said that a key next step for the project is to identify the right industry partners to work with to manufacture the full-scale quantum processor chip.
Such a full-scale quantum processor would have major applications in the finance, security and healthcare sectors, allowing the identification
and faster information searching through large databases e
#Detecting HIV diagnostic antibodies with DNA nanomachines A nanoscale machine composed of synthetic DNA can be used for the rapid,
so that the signal of the nanoswitch may be read using a mobile phone. This will make our approach really available to anyone!
and consumption of energy. housands of charge-discharge cycles of lithium-ion batteries used in mobile phones, for instance,
as they do in computer chips. As a semimetal, graphene naturally has no bandgaps, making it a challenge for widespread industry adoption.
a DOE Office of Science User Facility located at Argonne.""We have some very unique capabilities here at the Center for Nanoscale Materials,
Data gathered from the electron signatures allowed the researchers to create images of the material's dimensions and orientation.
Developed by UW-Madison collaborators Zhenqiang"Jack"Ma, professor of electrical and computer engineering and research scientist Jung-Hun Seo, the high-performance phototransistor far and away exceeds all previous flexible phototransistor parameters,
and 0s that create the digital image. While many phototransistors are fabricated on rigid surfaces and therefore are flat,
professor of electrical and computer engineering, and research scientist Jung-Hun Seo, the high-performance phototransistor far and away exceeds all previous flexible phototransistor parameters,
and 0s that create the digital image. While many phototransistors are fabricated on rigid surfaces and therefore are flat,
and aid research to manufacture advanced technologies such as quantum computers and ultra-high-resolution displays. The device, fabricated at Purdue University's Birck Nanotechnology Center, uses a cylindrical gold"nanoantenna"with a diameter of 320 nanometers,
"said Alexandra Boltasseva, associate professor of electrical and computer engineering. Findings are detailed in a paper appearing online in Nature Nanotechnology Monday (Nov 2).
ultra-resolution"opto#uidic"displays; and plasmonic circuitry for quantum logic units. The nanotweezer might be used to create devices containing nanodiamond particles
which could bring superior computers, cryptography and communications technologies. Conventional computers use electrons to process information.
However, the performance might be ramped up considerably by employing the unique quantum properties of electrons
and photons, said Vladimir M. Shalaev, co-director of a new Purdue Quantum Center, scientific director of nanophotonics at the Birck Nanotechnology Center and a distinguished professor of electrical and computer engineering."
The system also makes it possible to create patterns to project images, potentially for displays with ultra-fine resolution.
#An important step in artificial intelligence: Researchers in UCSB's Department of Electrical and Computer engineering are seeking to make computer brains smarter by making them more like our own Abstract:
In what marks a significant step forward for artificial intelligence, researchers at UC Santa barbara have demonstrated the functionality of a simple artificial neural circuit.
For the first time, a circuit of about 100 artificial synapses was proved to perform a simple version of a typical human task:
but important step,"said Dmitri Strukov, a professor of electrical and computer engineering. With time and further progress, the circuitry may eventually be expanded
what computers would require far more time and energy to perform. What are these functions? Well, you're performing some of them right now.
"Classical computers will always find an ineluctable limit to efficient brain-like computation in their very architecture,
"This memristor-based technology relies on a completely different way inspired by biological brain to carry on computation."
however, many more memristors would be required to build more complex neural networks to do the same kinds of things we can do with barely any effort and energy,
The energy-efficient compact circuitry the researchers are striving to create would also go a long way toward creating the kind of high-performance computers
and memory storage devices users will continue to seek long after the proliferation of digital transistors predicted by Moore's Law becomes too unwieldy for conventional electronics."
and giving a serious boost to future computers,"said Prezioso. In the meantime, the researchers will continue to improve the performance of the memristors,
The very next step would be to integrate a memristor neural network with conventional semiconductor technology,
A portion of the research was conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials sciences, a DOE Office of Science User Facility.
which is the basis for controlling electrons in computers, phones, medical equipment and other electronics. Yoke Khin Yap, a professor of physics at Michigan Technological University, has worked with a research team that created these digital switches by combining graphene and boron nitride nanotubes.
In turn, this speed could eventually quicken the pace of electronics and computing. Solving the Semiconductor Dilemma To get to faster and smaller computers one day,
Yap says this study is a continuation of past research into making transistors without semiconductors.
And one day, all their tweaks could make for faster computers--and digital pinball games--for the rest of us s
Rice university scientists make tantalum oxide practical for high-density devices Scientists at Rice university have created a solid-state memory technology that allows for high-density storage with a minimum incidence of computer errors.
The discovery by the Rice lab of chemist James Tour could allow for crossbar array memories that store up to 162 gigabits
Eight bits equal one byte; a 162-gigabit unit would store about 20 gigabytes of information.
Details appear online in the American Chemical Society journal Nano Letters. Like the Tour lab's previous discovery of silicon oxide memories, the new devices require only two electrodes per circuit,
"But this is a new way to make ultradense, nonvolatile computer memory, "Tour said. Nonvolatile memories hold their data even
when the power is off, unlike volatile random-access computer memories that lose their contents
when the machine is shut down. Modern memory chips have many requirements: They have to read and write data at high speed
and hold as much as possible. They must also be durable and show good retention of that data
while using minimal power. Tour said Rice's new design, which requires 100 times less energy than present devices,
has the potential to hit all the marks.""This tantalum memory is based on two-terminal systems,
This will be a real competitor for the growing memory demands in high-definition video storage and server arrays."
Tour is the T. T. and W. F. Chao Chair in Chemistry as well as a professor of materials science and nanoengineering and of computer science and a member of Rice's Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology y
The Hybrid Photonic Mode-Synthesizing Atomic Force Microscope is unique, according to principal investigator Ali Passian of ORNL's Quantum Information system group.
Computer-assisted technology developed especially for this purpose combines the advantages of both methods and suppresses unwanted noise.
while a first pulse excites the sample under study, a second pulse monitors the change in the sample.
"We have developed software with a special demodulation technology with which--in addition to the outstanding resolution of near-field optical microscopy that is at least three orders of magnitude better than the resolution of common ultra-fast spectroscopy--we can now also measure dynamic changes in the sample with high sensitivity,
the material most commonly found in today's computer chips. But to exploit graphene's remarkable electronic properties in semiconductor applications where current must be switched on and off
and tapping on our keyboards release energy that largely dissipates, unused. Several years ago, scientists figured out how to capture some of that energy
#New optical chip lights up the race for quantum computer The microprocessor inside a computer is a single multipurpose chip that has revolutionised people's life,
allowing them to use one machine to surf the web, check emails and keep track of finances.
Now, researchers from the University of Bristol in the UK and Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) in Japan, have pulled off the same feat for light in the quantum world by developing an optical chip that can process photons in an infinite number
of ways. It's a major step forward in creating a quantum computer to solve problems such as designing new drugs
superfast database searches, and performing otherwise intractable mathematics that aren't possible for super computers.
The fully reprogrammable chip brings together a multitude of existing quantum experiments and can realise a plethora of future protocols that have not even been conceived yet, marking a new era of research for quantum scientists and engineers at the cutting edge of quantum technologies.
much like they operate any other piece of software on a computer. They no longer need to convince a physicist to devote many months of their life to painstakingly build
because the world's leading quantum photonics group teamed up with Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT), the world's leading telecommunications company.
and engineering expertise in the telecommunications industry. It's a model that we need to encourage
"The University of Bristol's pioneering'Quantum in the Cloud'is the first and only service to make a quantum processor publicly accessible
high-performance electronics and new 3-D printing technologies,"says Benjamin J. Leever, Ph d, . who is at the Air force Research Laboratory at Wright-Patterson Air force base."
The researchers also are developing the same approach to monitor pilots'health. This involves a biosensor system that can measure heartbeat,
Another key advance is the use of active, inexpensive catalysts for fuel production. The photoanode requires a catalyst to drive the essential water-splitting reaction.
Rare and expensive metals such as platinum can serve as effective catalysts, but in its work the team discovered that it could create a much cheaper,
This catalyst is among the most active known catalysts for splitting water molecules into oxygen
which is used to build magnetic hard discs in computers. They created holes, or antidots, in thin films of manganite.
or follow us on Twitter@physicsnews About IOP Publishing IOP Publishing provides publications through which leading-edge scientific research is distributed worldwide.
Beyond our traditional journals programme, we make high-value scientific information easily accessible through an ever-evolving portfolio of books, community websites, magazines, conference proceedings and a multitude of electronic services.
someday not too far off, let you roll up your computer like a piece of paper. But the basic science of how to get electrons to move quickly
such as ejector pins for iphones, watch springs for expensive hand-wound watches, trial medical implants,
and release their drug payloads specifically to these sites in the body. Enclosed within the platelet membranes are made nanoparticle cores of a biodegradable polymer that can be metabolized safely by the body.
The nanoparticles can be packed with many small drug molecules that diffuse out of the polymer core and through the platelet membrane onto their targets.
To make the platelet-membrane-coated nanoparticles, engineers first separated platelets from whole blood samples using a centrifuge.
the platelet membranes were broken up into much smaller pieces and fused to the surface of nanoparticle cores.
Researchers observed that the docetaxel-containing nanoparticles selectively collected onto the damaged sites of arteries
a computer then reconstructs the path those photons must have taken, which generates an image of the target material--all without the lens that's required in conventional microscopy."
"The computer does the imaging part--forget about the lens, "explained Michael Zürch, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany and lead researcher."
"The computer emulates the lens.""Without a lens, the quality of the images primarily depends on the radiation source.
This is a crucial step in creating a new generation of foldable electronics-think a flat-screen television that can be rolled up for easy portability-and implantable medical devices.
The researchers used mouse embryonic fibroblast cells to determine biocompatibility; that, along with the fact that the stretchability of gold nanomesh on a slippery substrate resembles the bioenvironment of tissue
which are preferred also sites for large solar arrays. They believe they can scale things up so commercial and industrial applications are feasible
One of the most critical biological and medical tools available today, it lies at the core of genome analysis. Reading the exact make-up of genes,
#Pioneering research develops new way to capture light--for the computers of tomorrow Pioneering research by an international team of scientists,
has developed techniques that will allow the first memory chip that can capture light. The key breakthrough will allow large quantities of data to be stored directly on an integrated optical chip,
rather than being processed and stored electronically, as happens today. Light is suited ideally to ultra-fast high-bandwidth data transfer,
and optical communications form an indispensable part of the IT world of today and tomorrow. However
a stumbling block so far has been the storage of large quantities of data directly on integrated chips in the optical domain.
While optical fibre cables-and with them, data transfer by means of light-have long since become part of our everyday life,
data on a computer are processed still and stored electronically. The team of scientists from Germany and England have made a key breakthrough by capturing light on an integrated chip,
so developing the first permanent, all-optical on-chip memory. The research is published in leading scientific journal, Nature Photonics.
Our technology might also eventually be used to reproduce in computers the neural-type processing that is carried out by the human brain."
"The all-optical memory devices we have developed provide opportunities that go far beyond any of the approaches to optical data processing available today.""
"and our approach can define a new speed limit for future processors, by delivering extremely fast on-chip optical data storage"In addition,
he says, "the written state is preserved when the power is removed, unlike most current on-chip memories".
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