Based on Schatz belief in combination therapies, the group began shepherding a cocktail of Thymoglobulin and Neulasta through early studies done with mouse models. espite tremendous strides in our understanding of the natural history of Type
then transmit the data wirelessly using radio frequency waves. o one has ever put electronics inside the lens of the eye,
researchers built a prototype that uses radio frequency for wireless power and data transfer. A thin, circular antenna spans the perimeter of the deviceoughly tracing a person irisnd harnesses enough energy from the surrounding field to power a small pressure sensor chip.
or possibly built into a smartphone, Böhringer says. CHANGING EYE PRESSURE The current prototype is larger than it would need to be to fit into an artificial lens,
The researchers, including Brian Otis, associate professor of electrical engineering and also of Google Inc, . and former doctoral students Cagdas Varel and Yi-Chun Shih, have filed patents on the pressure-monitoring device prototype l
QUESTIONS FROM THE IPHONE APP Along with the software improvements that allow the device to adapt to widely varied individual dosage needs,
the new version also relies on improved hardware, including a smartphone (iphone 4s) capable of practical wireless communication with two pumps delivering doses of insulin and glucagon.
Every five minutes the smartphone receives a blood sugar reading from an attached continuous glucose monitor,
which it uses to calculate and administer a dose of either insulin or glucagon. The smartphone includes an application on
which the patient enters information immediately before eating. But instead of the complex calculation patients typically do to estimate their carbohydrate intake,
BETTER CONTROL Both of the studies reported in the New england Journal of Medicine paper compared data reflecting five days on the bionic pancreas system with five days of participantsusual care using their own insulin pumps.
of which will be a true home study only requiring that participants stay within an hour drive of the study site.
But virtually all of the research to date has been theoretical or computer model-based. A handful of papers including several by Kono
although our data suggests that cannabis users might be advised to stop using the drug if they are planning to try
as the mouse has a large amount of its brain devoted to process the sense of smell and needs these new neurons to support learning.
These emerging threads have Kuo hopeful researchers will eventually be able to find the way to ngage certain circuits of the brain to lead to a hardware upgrade.
if you could upgrade the brain hardware to keep up with the new software? He says perhaps there will be a way to combine behavioral therapy
Peter M. Kasson of the molecular physiology and biological physics department then created a computer model of the process.
Data was collected using the same subjects, and the DOT and fmri images were aligned. They looked for Broca area,
The overlap between the brain region identified as Broca area by DOT data and by fmri scans was about 75 percent.
In these studies, the DOT data also showed remarkable similarity to fmriicking out the same cluster of three regions in both hemispheres. ith the improved image quality of the new DOT system,
researchers can get reliable data to a depth of about one centimeter of tissue. That centimeter contains some of the brain most important and interesting areas with many higher brain functions, such as memory, language and self-awareness, represented.
The software, which is currently under development as a tablet application, tracks and records infantsactivity during videotaped autism screening tests.
Results show the program is as effective at spotting behavioral markers of autism as experts giving the test themselves,
and the software performs better than non-expert medical clinicians and students in training. ee not trying to replace the experts,
a graduate student in computer and electrical engineering at Duke university. ee trying to transfer the knowledge of the relatively few autism experts available into classrooms and homes across the country.
GENERAL PRACTITIONERS he great benefit of the video and software is for general practitioners who do not have trained the eye to look for subtle early warning signs of autism
and Treatment. he software has the potential to automatically analyze a child eye gaze, walking patterns,
According to Hashemi and his adviser, Guillermo Sapiro, professor of electrical and computer engineering and biomedical engineering at Duke
TABLET APP Later this year, the Duke team plans to test a new tablet application that could do away with the need for a person to administer any tests at all.
The program would watch for physical and facial responses to visual cues played on the screen,
analyze the data and automatically report any potential red flags. Any parent teacher, or clinician would simply need to download the app
which connects researchers from disparate fields to experts in computer programming to help analyze large data sets. ee currently working with autism experts at Duke Medicine to determine what sorts of easy tests could be used on just a computer
or tablet screen to spot any potential concerns, says Sapiro. he goal is to mimic the same sorts of social interactions that the tests with the toys and balls measure,
The researchers then used a mouse model to show that PIP5K1C was responsible for generating at least half of all PIP2 in these neurons.
the new method is a computer program that lets physicians see how much gadolinium, the contrast material injected into a patient vein during an MRI scan,
Leigh says his computer program, working with an MRI scan, can detect subtle changes to the blood-brain barrier that are otherwise impossible to see.
The team tested the wireless charging system in a pig and used it to power a tiny pacemaker in a rabbit.
and efficacy requirements for using this wireless charging system in commercial medical devices. But it has the potential to eliminate bulky batteries
An independent laboratory that tests cell phones says that the system falls well below the danger exposure levels for human safety
MORE EFFECTIVE THAN DRUGS The discovery could spawn a new generation of programmable microimplantsensors to monitor vital functions deep inside the body;
Either way, far-field electromagnetic waves have been ignored as a potential wireless power source for medical devices. Near-field waves can be used safely in wireless power systems.
#App analyzes your voice for mood swings Researchers are testing a smartphone app that monitors your mood by listening for changes in your voice.
says Zahi Karam, a postdoctoral fellow and specialist in machine learning and speech analysis at the University of Michigan.
HOW IT WORKS The app runs in the background on an ordinary smartphone, and automatically monitors the patientsvoice patterns during any calls made as well as during weekly conversations with a member of the patient care team.
The computer program analyzes many characteristics of the soundsnd silencesf each conversation. Only the patient side of everyday phone calls is recordednd the recordings themselves are encrypted
and kept off-limits to the research team. They can see only the results of computer analysis of the recordings,
which are stored in secure servers that comply with patient privacy laws. Eventually, it will include a feedback loop to the patient
and his or her care team and even a chosen family member. Standardized weekly mood assessments with a trained clinician provide a benchmark for the patient mood,
The detection of mood states will improve over time as the software gets trained based on more conversations and data from more patients.
Over time, they hope to develop software that will learn to detect the changes that precede the transitions to each of these states.
and explore strategies for notifying the app user and care providers about mood changes, so that appropriate intervention can take place.
The app currently runs on Android operating system phones, and complies with laws about recording conversations
#Chip uses magnetism to sort living cells Researchers have developed a chip-like device that similar to a random access memory chip,
while built-in switches direct traffic to storage sites on the chip. The result is an integrated circuit that controls small magnetic objects much like the way electrons are controlled on computer chips.
In the study, the engineers demonstrate a 3-by-3 grid of compartments that allow magnetic beads to enter but not leave.
Applications for HIV and cancer In a random access memory chip, similar logic circuits manipulate electrons on a nanometer scale, controlling billions of compartments in a square inch.
alkaline phosphatasehat are produced naturally by bone tissue. he catalysts are naturally present in your body at all times, in low levels.
Sardinia and Oceania To demonstrate how accurate GPS predictions are, Elhaik and his colleagues analyzed data from 10 villages in Sardinia and over 20 islands in Oceania.
Medical screening Elhaik coauthor Tatiana Tatarinova developed a website making GPS accessible to the public. o help people find their roots,
I developed a website that allows anyone who has had their DNA genotyped to upload their results
and wirelessly send updates to your cellphone or computer. The patches stick to the skin like a temporary tattoo
They report their findings in Science. e designed this device to monitor human health 24/7
and can send high-quality data about the human body to a computer, in real time. Researchers did a side-by-side comparison with traditional EKG
and EEG monitors and found the wireless patch performed equally to conventional sensors, while being significantly more comfortable for patients.
For example, data analysis could detect motions associated with Parkinson disease at its onset. he application of stretchable electronics to medicine has a lot of potential,
and transmits the information to a radio frequency identification reader held by a doctor. The wirelessly powered chip can be attached to implants
and hugely beneficial, says Professor Paul Orien from Monash University Centre for Obesity Research and Education (CORE).
By validating this core switch as a viable drug target, we can now continue our work to improve the chemical compounds
and the family crowdfunding site, the Scleroderma Cure Fund, helped support the research h
#Anticancer drug reverses schizophrenia symptoms in teen mice An experimental anticancer drug appears to reverse schizophrenia-related behavior
to follow up on the mouse study to determine if a haywire PAK cascade also occurs in humans.
and protein sequences of the FAT10 gene are conserved highly between man and mouse. If it serves the same functions in humans
with type 1 diabetes use continuous glucose monitors, which examine the fluid underneath the skin,
Patients may become hypoglycemic well before the glucose monitor alarm tells them they are hypoglycemic
or implantable automated insulin-delivery system consisting of a continuous glucose monitor, an insulin pump,
and a control algorithm closing the loop between glucose sensing and insulin delivery, he says. ut creating an artificial pancreas that delivers the right amount of insulin at the right times has been a challenge
because it is difficult to create a control algorithm that can handle the variability among individuals.
The new technology builds on standard two-dimensional imaging and uses computer analytics to evaluate the amount of so-called contrast dye absorbed by tumor tissue.
The error margin of the new 3d image analysis, they say, was low (at up to 10 percent)
Geschwind and colleagues plan further software refinements to the new approach before training more physicians to use it.
The software used in the MRI scans was developed at Johns Hopkins and at Philips Research North america.
#Tiny circulator in phones could double bandwidth University of Texas at Austin rightoriginal Studyposted by Sandra Zaragoza-UT Austin on November 12 2014engineers have found a way to dramatically shrink a critical component of cellphones
A much smaller more efficient radio wave circulator has the potential to double the useful bandwidth in wireless communications by enabling full-duplex functionality#meaning devices can transmit
The researchers device works by mimicking the way magnetic materials break the symmetry in wave transmission between two points in space a critical function that allows magnetic circulators to selectively route radio waves.
and a doctoral student in electrical and computer engineering. n doing so we may pave the way to simultaneous two-way communication in the same frequency band
which can free up chunks of bandwidth for more effective use. or telecommunications companies which pay for licenses to use frequencies allotted by the US Federal Communications Commission a more efficient use of the limited available bandwidth means significant cost advantages.
Additionally because the design of the circulator is scalable and capable of circuit integration it can potentially be placed in wireless devices. e envision micron-sized circulators embedded in cellphone technology.
When you consider cellphone traffic during high demand events such as a football game or a concert there are enormous implications opened by our technology including fewer dropped calls
and use this information to more specifically target pest species or insects that affect our resourceshe says. he genomic data we studied (the transcriptome all of the expressed genes) gives us a very detailed and precise view into the genetic constitution
since software that could handle the enormous amount of data was not available. he development of novel software
and algorithms to handle ig datasuch as these is another notable accomplishment of the 1kite team
and lays a theoretical foundation for future analyses of other very large phylogenomic data setssays coauthor Alexis Stamatakis with the Heidelberg Institute of Theoretical Studies in Germany.
Then software on an attached laptop processes the results which takes another 30 seconds. Diets rich in fruit and vegetables have been linked to important health outcomes including reductions in cardiovascular disease type 2 diabetes and some forms of cancer.
#dgy films are perfect catalysts for fuel cells Chemists have found an easy and inexpensive way to create flexible films from molybdenum disulfide a versatile chemical compound with edges that are highly efficient catalysts.
and as catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) a process used in fuel cells to pull hydrogen from water.
when the concept of programming as we know it from software engineering can be applied to biological computers.
The researchers also used the measured data to localize the hydrogen nuclei with respect to the nitrogen-vacancy center with an accuracy of better than one angstrom (one ten-millionth of a millimeter.
Another advantage of nano-MRI is that the molecules can be labeled by isotopes providing a means for site-specific image contrast.
and the data provides the first direct evidence that it is true. hey could also see how the specific cells in the cortex were connected to the amygdala a structure in the brain that is involved in emotion
#Control your smartphone with pinchy fingers ETH Zurich Posted by Peter Ruegg-ETH Zurich on October 9 2014a new app uses a smartphone s built-in camera to detect hand gestures that resemble sign language.
however they re for controlling the smartphone. Holding the phone in one hand a user can use the other to move an index finger to the left sometimes to the right.
Other gestures include spreading fingers imitating a pair of pliers and pretending to pull a trigger. The trigger-pulling motion for example lets you switch to another browser tab change the map s view from satellite to standard
All this gesturing wizardry is made possible by a new type of algorithm developed by Jie Song a master s student in the working group headed by Otmar Hilliges professor of computer science at ETH Zurich.
The program uses the smartphone s built-in camera to register its environment. It does not evaluate depth or color.
and warns the user when the hand is either too close or too far away. any movement-recognition programs need plenty of processor
and memory powerexplains Hilliges adding that their new algorithm uses a far smaller portion of computer memory
and is thus ideal for smartphones. He believes the application is the first of its kind that can run on a smartphone.
The app s minimal processing footprint means it could also run on smart watches or in augmented reality glasses like the Apple Watch or Google glass.
The program currently recognizes six different gestures and executes their corresponding commands. Although the researchers have tested 16 outlines this is not the app s theoretical limit.
Hilliges is convinced that this new way of operating smartphones greatly increases the range of interactivity.
so that users can operate their smartphone with very little effort. But will smartphone users want to adapt to this new style of interaction?
Hilliges is confident they will. Gesture control will not replace touchscreen control but supplement it. eople got used to operating computer games with their movements. ouchscreens Hilliges reminds us also required a very long adjustment period before making a big impact in consumers lives.
He is therefore certain that this application or at least parts of it will find its way onto the market.
Source: ETH Zuric
#Hybrid#dots#offer cheaper way to run fuel cells Last year chemist James Tour made graphene quantum dots from coal.
The boron and nitrogen collectively add more catalytically active sites to the material than either element would add alone. he GQDS add to the system an enormous amount of edge
and 70 percent larger current density than platinum-based catalysts The materials required to make the flake-like hybrids are much cheaper too Tour says. he efficiency is better than platinum in terms of oxygen
#Google glass software adds captions to conversation Georgia Institute of technology Posted by Jason Maderer-Georgia Tech on October 3 2014new speech-to-text software for Google glass can help hard-of-hearing people with everyday conversations.
while a second person speaks directly into a smartphone. The speech is converted to text sent to Glass
and displayed on its heads-up display. A group in Georgia Tech s College of Computing created the Glassware
when one of its own said he was having trouble hearing and thought Glass could help him. his system allows wearers like me to focus on the speaker s lips
and facial gesturessays Jim Foley computing professor in the Georgia Tech School of Interactive Computing. f hard-of-hearing people understand the speech the conversation can continue immediately without waiting for the caption.
I need and get back into the conversation. oley s colleague Professor Thad Starner leads the Contextual Computing Group working on the project.
He says using a smartphone with Glass has several benefits as compared to using Glass by itself. lass has its own microphone
but it s designed for the wearersays Starner who is also a technical lead for Glass. he mobile phone puts a microphone directly next to the speaker s mouth reducing background noise
and helping to eliminate errors. tarner says the phone-to-Glass system is helpful because speakers are more likely to construct their sentences more clearly avoiding hsand ms
. However if captioning errors are sent to Glass the smartphone software also allows the speaker to edit the mistakes
which sends the changes to the person wearing the device. he smartphone uses the Android transcription API to convert the audio to textsays Jay Zuerndorfer
the Georgia Tech computer science graduate student who developed the software. he text is streamed then to Glass in real time. aptioning on Glass is currently available to install from Myglass.
More information and support can be found at the project website here. Foley and the students are working with the Association Of late Deafened Adults in Atlanta to improve the program.
The same group is also working on a second project Translation on Glass that uses the same smartphone-Glass Bluetooth connection process to capture sentences spoken into the smartphone translate them to another language
The response is translated back to the original language on the smartphone. Two-way translations are currently available for English Spanish French Russian Korean
and Japanese. or both uses the person wearing Glass has to hand their smartphone to someone else to begin a conversationsays Starner. t s not ideal for strangers
#Double twist radio waves send data faster In the past, scientists have twisted light to send data super fast,
but new research shows that a similar technique with radio waves can also reach high speeds.
The new approach also avoids some of the hassles that can go with optical systems. The researchers reached data transmission rates of 32 gigabits per second across 2. 5 meters of free space in a basement lab at the University of Southern California.
For reference, 32 gigabits per second is fast enough to transmit more than 10 hour -and-a-half-long HD movies in one second and is 30 times faster than LTE wireless. ot only is this a way to transmit multiple spatially collocated radio data streams through a single aperture,
it is also one of the fastest data transmission via radio waves that has been demonstrated, says study leader Alan Willner, electrical engineering professor at the USC Viterbi School of engineering.
Faster data transmission rates have been led achievedillner himself a team two years ago that twisted light beams to transmit data at a blistering 2. 56 terabits per secondut methods to do so rely on light to carry the data. he advantage
of radio is that it uses wider, more robust beams. Wider beams are better able to cope with obstacles between the transmitter and the receiver
and radio is affected not as by atmospheric turbulence as optics, Willner says. To achieve the high transmission rates,
the team took a page from Willner previous work and twisted radio beams together. They passed each beamhich carried its own independent stream of datahrough a piral phase platethat twisted each radio beam into a unique and orthogonal DNA-like helical shape.
A receiver at the other end of the room then untwisted and recovered the different data streams. his technology could have very important applications in ultra-high-speed links for the wireless ackhaulthat connects base stations of next-generation cellular systems,
says Andy Molisch, who co-designed and co-supervised the study with Willner. Future research will focus on attempting to extend the transmission range and capabilities.
The Intel Labs University Research Office and the DARPA Inpho (Information in a Photon) Program supported the work n
The core of the nanothreads is a long thin strand of carbon atoms arranged just like the fundamental unit of a diamond s structure zigzag yclohexanerings of six carbon atoms bound together in
and to link up in a highly ordered chain of single-file carbon tetrahedrons forming these diamond-core nanothreads. adding s team is the first to coax molecules containing carbon atoms to form the strong tetrahedron shape then link each tetrahedron end to end to form a long thin nanothread.
He describes the thread s width as phenomenally small only a few atoms across hundreds of thousands of times smaller than an optical fiber enormously thinner that an average human hair. heory by our coauthor Vin Crespi
The resulting diamond-core nanothread is surrounded by a halo of hydrogen atoms. During the compression process the scientists report the flat benzene molecules stack together bend
so that when we release the pressure very slowly an orderly polymerization reaction happens that forms the diamond-core nanothread.
necessary to make these diamond nanothreads under more practical conditions. he nanothread also may be the first member of a new class of diamond-like nanomaterials based on a strong tetrahedral core. ur discovery that we can use the natural
of making many other kinds of molecules based on carbon and hydrogenbadding says. ou can attach all kinds of other atoms around a core of carbon and hydrogen.
#Compressed bits store tons of quantum data University of Toronto Posted by Lindsay Jolivet-U. Toronto on September 29 2014scientists recently demonstrated that it s possible to compress quantum bits or qubits without losing information.
The ability to compress quantum information just as we do with digital data could open up huge potential for more powerful computing.
Digital compression in the world of classical information theory is fairly straightforward. As a simple example if you have a string of 1000 zeros
or millions of qubits. ur proposal gives you a way to hold onto a smaller quantum memory
It also promises to provide an exponential reduction in the amount of quantum memory needed for certain taskssteinberg says.
The purpose of the ALMA Observatory is to search for cosmic origins through an array of 66 sensitive radio antennas from the high elevation and dry air of northern Chile s Atacama desert.
#3, 600 crystals in wearable skin monitor health 24/7 A new wearable medical device that uses up to 3600 liquid crystals can quickly let you know
An algorithm translates the temperature data into an accurate health report all in less than 30 seconds. hese results provide the first examples of epidermal photonic sensorssays John A. Rogers the paper s corresponding author
#Computer recreates powerful solar flares ETH Zurich rightoriginal Studyposted by Barbara Vonarburg-ETH Zurich on September 26 2014physicists have used computers to model solar explosions
The computer model demonstrates that the shorter the interval between two explosions in the solar atmosphere the more likely it is that the second flare will be stronger than the first one. he agreement with measurements from satellites is strikingwrite the researchers from ETH Zurich in the journal
A theoretical physicist and expert in computer physics Herrmann developed a method to examine phenomena from a range of diverse fields.
The radiation extends across the entire electromagnetic spectrum from radio waves and visible light to X-rays and gamma rays.
Conventional computer models have been able to qualitatively reconstruct this statistic size distribution but unable to make any quantitative predictions.
Using a supercomputer the team was able to show that the model consistently generated correct results even when changing details such as the number of flux tubes or the energy of the plasma.
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