The project was awarded recently PRIZE prototype funding from Austria Wirtschaftsservice (AWS. A few more preclinical trials are necessary before the artificial blood vessels can be used in humans.
#Researchers develop new computer-based vision screening test for young children Many eye disorders in young children are asymptomatic
and Strabismus (AAPOS) describes the effectiveness of a new computer-based vision-screening test, the Jaeb Visual acuity Screener (JVAS),
"In comparison to traditional vision testing methodologies, this software-based tool provides the advantage of running on any windows-based PC in a pediatrician's examination room--avoiding testing in distracting office hallways."
It uses a set testing algorithm to minimize subjective tester bias. It also uses age-specific visual acuity standards to provide a simple pass/fail result for four age groups (3, 4, 5 or 6,
Sixteen of the gold atoms form the molecule's core; the remainder bond with the sulfur
and hydrogen to form a protective coating that stems from the core. Differences in atomic arrangements can alter molecular energy and stability,
The structure of the molecule's gold core was previously detailed by the Stanford team.
and sulfur-hydrogen pairs surrounding the core. The researchers already knew that the atomic coating features staple-shaped linkages of various lengths.
By combining this information with their knowledge of how many atoms reside outside the core the team reduced the number of potential arrangements from millions to mere hundreds."
could allow biomedical engineers to identify appropriate binding sites for drugs used to treat cancer and other diseases.
During each trial, participants were shown a series of five images one at a time on a computer screen. Over the course of the task, some images appeared multiple times,
#A smartphone with ultimate macro feature: DNA-scanning fluorescent microscope If you thought scanning one of those strange,
square QR codes with your phone was advanced somewhat, hold on to your seat. Researchers at the University of California, Los angeles (UCLA) have developed recently a device that can turn any smartphone into a DNA-scanning fluorescent microscope."
"A single DNA molecule, once stretched, is about two nanometers in width, "said Aydogan Ozcan, HHMI Chancellor Professor, UCLA."For perspective,
"Enter Ozcan's smartphone attachment--an external lens, thin-film interference filter, miniature dovetail stage mount for making fine alignments,
Although other smartphone-turned-microscopes can image larger scale objects such as cells, Ozcan's group's latest mobile-phone optical attachment is the first to image and size the slim strand of a single DNA molecule.
and Windows smart application running on the same smart phone. The scanned information is sent then to a remote server in Ozcan's laboratory,
which measures the length of the DNA molecules. Assuming you have a reliable data connection,
the entire data processing takes less than 10 seconds. In their lab Ozcan's group tested the device's accuracy by imaging fluorescently labeled and stretched DNA segments.
The smartphone microscope demonstrated a significant drop in accuracy for 5, 000 base-pair or shorter segments,
"We found fluorescence data well correlated with photosynthesis that was measured by another independent method. This is the first time that satellite-based fluorescence is validated by ground measurements,
Today's report is a summary of data extracted from the HRMS Surveys in Texas administered between September 2013 and March 2015.
the authors found that NONO localizes at the sites of DNA damage where it favours the loading of other proteins which are key to this process."
has developed a system that allows people to vote by employing independent hardware devices in conjunction with their PCS.
you receive a code on the device and type it back into the computer.''The main advantage of this system is that it splits the security between the independent security device and a voter's computer or mobile device.
A computer is a hugely powerful, all-purpose machine running billions of lines of code that no one really understands,
whereas the independent security device has a much, much smaller code base and is not susceptible to viruses.'Online voting carries a strong security requirement because of the possibility of undetectable interference in an election by foreign governments, criminal gangs,
'This is currently the only piece of work that addresses a core problem of e-voting--namely, that someone may have viruses or other malware on their computer.
For example, the system in Estonia, where they have introduced already online voting, does not deal with this potentially undetectable source of vote manipulation or breach of voter privacy.'
even if a hostile adversary controls the entire computing infrastructure, voters and election officials can still detect electoral fraud.
Remote Electronic Voting with Untrusted Computers',will be presented at the 28th IEEE Computer security Foundations Symposium in Verona, Italy, in July y
But exercise stress testing is inappropriate for diagnosis in hemodialysis patients who have multiple complications including muscle weakness, osteoporosis and peripheral arterial disease."
But exercise stress testing is inappropriate for diagnosis in hemodialysis patients who have multiple complications including muscle weakness, osteoporosis and peripheral arterial disease."
#Scientists dramatically improve method for finding common genetic alterations in tumors St jude Children's Research Hospital scientists have developed a significantly better computer tool for finding genetic alterations that play an important role in many cancers
The tool is called an algorithm CONSERTING, short for Copy Number Segmentation by Regression Tree in Next Generation Sequencing.
and sensitivity than other techniques, including four published algorithms used to recognize CNA in whole-genome sequencing data.
"CONSERTING helped us identify alterations that other algorithms missed, including previously undetected chromosomal rearrangements and copy number alterations present in a small percentage of tumor cells."
The algorithm also helped identify genetic changes that are present in a small percentage of a tumor's cells.
The software user manual and related data can be downloaded from http://www. stjuderesearch. org/site/lab/zhang.
St jude researchers have developed also a cloud version of CONSERTING and related tools that can be accessed through Amazon web services.
Instead of downloading CONSERTING, scientists can upload data for analysis. Work on CONSERTING began in 2010 shortly after the St jude Children's Research Hospital--Washington University Pediatric Cancer Genome Project was launched.
The Pediatric Cancer Genome Project used next-generation, whole-genome sequencing to study some of the most aggressive and least understood childhood cancers.
whole-genome sequencing data for the Pediatric Cancer Genome Project. The project includes the normal and cancer genomes of 700 pediatric cancer patients with 21 different cancer subtypes.
CONSERTING combines a method of data analysis called regression tree, which is a machine learning algorithm, with next-generation,
whole-genome sequencing. Machine learning capitalizes on advances in computing to design algorithms that repeatedly and rapidly analyze large,
complex sets of data sets and unearth unexpected insights.""This combination has provided us with a powerful tool for recognizing copy number alterations,
CONSERTING software compensates for gaps and variations in sequencing data. The sequencing data is integrated with information about the chromosomal rearrangements to find CNAS
and identify their origins in the genome e
#Cellular bubbles used to deliver Parkinson's meds directly to brain And what's the best way of getting her drug-packed exosomes to the brain?
It looks like a simple nasal spray will do the trick, say Elena Batrakova and her colleagues at the UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy's Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery.
and mobile devices The researchers'new system could allow unmanned aerial vehicles to deliver packages to a specific spot on a consumer's back porch,
and allow virtual reality (VR) headsets to be used outdoors. The researchers'new centimeter-accurate GPS coupled with a smartphone camera could be used to quickly build a globally referenced 3-D map of one's surroundings that would greatly expand the radius of a VR game.
Currently, VR does not use GPS, which limits its use to indoors and usually a two-to three-foot radius."Imagine games where,
rather than sit in front of a monitor and play, you are in your backyard actually running around with other players,
Humphreys collaborated with Professor Robert W. Heath from the Department of Electrical and Computer engineering and graduate students on the new technology,
but the survey-grade antennas these systems employ are too large and costly for use in mobile devices.
The breakthrough by Humphreys and his team is a powerful and sensitive software-defined GPS RECEIVER that can extract centimeter accuracies from the inexpensive antennas found in mobile devices--such precise measurements were not previously possible.
The researchers anticipate that their software's ability to leverage low-cost antennas will reduce the overall cost of centimeter accuracy,
making it economically feasible for mobile devices. Humphreys and his team have spent six years building a specialized receiver, called GRID,
GRID currently operates outside the phone, but it will eventually run on the phone's internal processor.
To further develop this technology, Humphreys and his students recently co-founded a startup, called Radiosense.
Humphreys and his team are working with Samsung to develop a snap-on accessory that will tell smartphones, tablets and virtual reality headsets their precise position and orientation.
In vivo and in vitro studies confirmed the microparticles stimulated a strong, sustained innate immune response at local sites of tumor activity and growth--with or without any antigen loaded."
"But these vaccines have mostly not been very potent because of inefficient vaccine delivery, a poor immune response at the site of the tumor,
whose Stanford lab focuses on movement control and neural prostheses--such as artificial arms--controlled by the user's brain."
"This basic neuroscience discovery will help create neural prostheses that can withhold moving a prosthetic arm until the user is certain of their decision,
This improvement on what's called the"single trial decoder"algorithm revealed the neural signals that occurred during a momentary hesitation
"The experiments The experiments involved monkeys that were trained to reach for either of two targets on a computer screen.
while two jittering targets were positioned on either side of a computer screen. Colored barriers on the screen created a simple maze.
When the targets stopped jittering the monkeys were trained to move to one or the other target by sweeping his fingertip through the maze until he touched one of the targets.
During the experiments, 192 electrodes in each monkey's motor and premotor cortex began measuring brain activity the moment that the targets appeared on screen.
The single-trial advantage Using his single-trial decoder algorithm, Kaufman could analyze moment-by-moment brain activity during each individual decision.
"This deeper understanding of decision-making will help researchers to fine-tune the control algorithms of neural prostheses to enable people with paralysis to drive a brain-controlled prosthetic arm or guide a neurally-activated cursor on a computer screen.
or-196 degrees Celsius) to produce spectroscopic data. In recent years, scientists have been seeking new materials for room-temperature radiation detectors.
X-ray computer tomography (CT) has become an important diagnostic tool in medicine. Conventional CT SCANS are very detailed
The sensor signal is wirelessly readable, for instance, by a mobile phone. VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd is searching for a partner so as to commercialize the sensor.
The sensor monitors ethanol emitted from the spoilage of foods into the headspace of a package.
and the data is saved digitally in a remote server. This ethanol sensor can have potential in other applications,
The sensor layer is part of a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag, and the sensor data can be read wirelessly using an RFID reader in for example, a smartphone.
The sensor transmits information about the freshness of the food in the package to the retailer or customer.
The freshness data can be stored in real time in the cloud, enabling the comparison of food quality with its previous or later condition.
A similar optical readout based on the colour change of the ethanol sensor was developed also for a smartphone.
The sensor and the RFID tag can be manufactured using printing techniques into a label or sticker and be attached easily to a food package.
#Mobile phone video microscope automates detection of parasites in blood"We previously showed that mobile phones can be used for microscopy,
but this is the first device that combines the imaging technology with hardware and software automation to create a complete diagnostic solution,
"said Daniel Fletcher, associate chair and professor of bioengineering, whose UC Berkeley lab pioneered the Cellscope."
Next generation Cellscope uses video, automationfor this latest generation of the mobile phone microscope, named Cellscope Loa, the researchers paired a smartphone with a 3d printed plastic base where the sample of blood
The base includes LED LIGHTS, microcontrollers, gears, circuitry and a USB port. Control of the device is automated through an app the researchers developed for this purpose.
With a single touch of the screen by the healthcare worker, the phone communicates wirelessly via Bluetooth to controllers in the base to process
and an algorithm automatically analyzes the telltale"wriggling"motion of the worms in video captured by the phone.
The worm count is displayed then on the screen. Fletcher said previous field tests revealed that automation helped reduce the rate of human error.
starting from the time the sample is inserted to the display of the results. Pricking a finger
The short processing time allows health workers to quickly determine on site whether it is safe to administer IVM."
"The research offering a phone based app is ingenious, practical and highly needed.""Resh, who is involved not in the Cellscope project,
Using a cell phone to detect and quantify bacteriae. coli and S. aureus are the most common bacterial pathogens that cause food poisoning,
and using an imaging analysis tool to measure red pixel intensity of the picture. Concentrations of E coli could be quantified ranging from 8 to 1. 5 million bacteria per milliliter.
These'organoid'cultures are amenable to large-scale drug screens for the detection of genetic changes associated with drug sensitivity
Moving forward, the researchers plan to expand the panel of existing colon organoids as well as develop an organoid biobank for other tumor types."
When combined, the three proteins formed a robust panel that can detect patients with stages I-II pancreatic cancer with over 90 per cent accuracy.
This is a biomarker panel with good specificity and sensitivity and we're hopeful that a simple,
"This paves the way for the use of more sophisticated printers to create structures with much finer resolution."
"Electrically stimulating the retina excites all of these cells at the same time, which is very different from how these cells respond to real visual input."
#Small tilt in magnets makes them viable memory chips University of California, Berkeley, researchers have discovered a new way to switch the polarization of nanomagnets,
paving the way for high-density storage to move from hard disks onto integrated circuits. The advance, to be reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
could lead to computers that turn on in an instant and operate with far greater speed and significantly less power.
an associate professor of electrical engineering and computer sciences, has found that a slight tilt of the magnets makes them easy to switch without an external magnetic field.
we want to be able to manufacture a computer chip that includes memory so that it is close to the computational action,
which is why magnets have not yet been integrated onto computer chips. Instead, there are separate systems for long-term magnetic memory.
These include a computer's hard disk drive where data are stored, and the various kinds of random-access memory,
or RAM, on the integrated circuits of the central processing unit, or CPU, where calculations and logic operations are performed.
A large portion of the energy used in computing is spent on transferring data from one type of memory to another.
Doing that quickly takes more energy and generates more heat. In past research Salahuddin and his colleagues found that directing electrical current through the rare metal tantalum creates polarity in magnets without an external magnetic field.
The rats were asked to choose between two identical visual shapes by pressing their nose against one of them on a touchscreen (similar to an ipad
what are called"core-shell"and"yolk-shell"nanoparticles. The former have a shell that is bonded directly to the core,
but yolk-shell particles feature a void between the two--equivalent to where the white of an egg would be.
the aluminum core continuously shrinks to become a 30-nm-across"yolk,,"which shows that small ions can get through the shell.
"Moreover, most functional screens are carried out in mouse ESCS. The only functional screen on human ESCS was published in 2010 from our laboratory at the GIS.
This latest study was performed also on human ESCS, making it more clinically relevant than studies using mouse ESCS."
"Co-lead author Research Fellow Dr Liang Hongqing at GIS'Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology added,
and possibly control important ultrafast processes in complex systems ranging from magnetic data storage devices to chemical reactions.
The superior performance of the new UED system is due to a very stable"electron gun"originally developed for SLAC's X-ray laser Linac Coherent light Source (LCLS), a DOE Office of Science User Facility.
and their structural properties in studies that could help develop next-generation data storage devices. Electrons also provide a path to studies that are very challenging to perform with X-rays."
#New research may enhance display, LED lighting technology Recently, quantum dots (QDS)--nano-sized semiconductor particles that produce bright, sharp,
color light--have moved from the research lab into commercial products like high-end TVS, e readers, laptops,
and photonic crystal technology, could lead to brighter and more efficient mobile phone, tablet, and computer displays, as well as enhanced LED lighting.
With funding from the Dow chemical Company, the research team, led by Electrical & Computer engineering (ECE) Professor Brian Cunningham, Chemistry Professor Ralph Nuzzo,
They then used electrohydrodynamic jet (e-jet) printing technology to precisely print the QD-embedded polymers onto photonic crystal structures.
and more efficient displays.""Since screens consume large amounts of energy in devices like laptops, phones,
and tablets, our approach could have a huge impact on energy consumption and battery life, "she noted."
"If you start with polarized light, then you double your optical efficiency, "See explained.""If you put the photonic crystal-enhanced quantum dot into a device like a phone or computer,
then the battery will last much longer because the display would only draw half as much power as conventional displays."
"To demonstrate the technology, See fabricated a novel 1mm device (aka Robot Man) made of yellow photonic crystal-enhanced QDS.
and evaluated the penetration capability by using mouse brains in vitro/in vivo. In addition, as an actual needle application, we demonstrated fluorescenctce particle depth injection into the brain in vivo,
such as Microsoft's Kinect controller for video games, have become widely used 3-D sensors. Now, a new imaging technology invented by Carnegie mellon University and the University of Toronto addresses a major shortcoming of these cameras:
"We don't need new image-processing algorithms and we don't need extra processing to eliminate the noise, because we don't collect the noise.
"One prototype based on this model synchronizes a laser projector with a common rolling-shutter camera-the type of camera used in most smartphones
It also could be incorporated readily into smartphones. The researchers will present their findings today at SIGGRAPH 2015, the International Conference on Computer graphics and Interactive Techniques,
if only briefly, noted Kyros Kutulakos, U of T professor of computer science.""Even though we're not sending a huge amount of photons, at short time scales,
if other camera hardware is used, the mathematical framework developed by the team can compute energy-efficient codes that optimize the amount of energy that reaches the camera.
In addition to enabling the use of Kinect-like devices to play videogames outdoors, the new approach also could be used for medical imaging,
and Matthew O'Toole, a U of T Ph d. computer science student. The research was supported by the National Science Foundation, the U s army Research Laboratory,
"The study links a family of enzymes--molecules that act as biological catalysts--known as polyketide synthases (PKS) directly to a complex series of chemical reactions that ultimately add sulfur to leinamycin, a member of the polyketide family of natural products."
rather than just relying on traditional chemical screens, "says Hubbard, an assistant professor of pharmacology in the University of Alberta's Faculty of medicine & Dentistry."
Much like how a computer programmer edits computer code, scientists could one day replace a person's broken
If the core of a nuclear reactor gets too hot, bubbles in the cooling water can suddenly coalesce to form a vapor film that limits further heat transfer
but constructing enough of them to perform a useful computation is difficult. In the usual approach to quantum computing, quantum gates are applied in a specific order, one gate before another.
Surprisingly, this effect can be used to reduce the total number of gates required for certain quantum computations.
"In fact, we were able to run a quantum algorithm to characterize the gates more efficiently than any previously known algorithm,
The scientists were able to accomplish a computation with an efficiency that cannot be achieved within the old scheme of quantum computing.
This work opens a door for future studies on novel types of quantum computation. Although its full implications are still unknown,
"This new technique is sort of a twist on a red-eye reducing camera flash, where the first flash causes the subject's pupils to close
and the second illuminates the scene.""In their setup, instead of xenon-powered flash the team used two LEDS.
when it flashes (you could say this LED gives the quantum dots red eye). At the same time, a second, different color LED flash illuminates metallic orientation marks placed on the surface of the semiconductor wafer the dots are embedded in.
Then a sensitive camera snaps a 100-micrometer by 100-micrometer picture. By cross-referencing the glowing dots with the orientation marks,
Their coordinates in hand, scientists can then tell the computer-controlled electron beam lithography tool to place any structure the application calls for in its proper relation to the quantum dots,
This work was performed in part at NIST's Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST), a national user facility available to researchers from industry, academia and government t
"Scientists from the Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS) performed the computational data analysis for this research.
For the experimental design and integrating the data from a range of experiments, they developed a special modelling methodology for protein-protein docking to simulate the formation of chaperone complexes.
#Fiber-like light emitting diodes for wearable displays A research team at Korea Advanced Institute of Science
and Technology (KAIST) has developed fiber-like light emitting diodes, applicable to wearable displays. Professor Kyung-Cheol Choi and his research team from the School of Electrical engineering at KAIST have developed fiber-like light emitting diodes,
which can be applied in wearable displays. The research findings were published online in the July 14th issue of Advanced Electronic Materials.
Traditional wearable displays were manufactured on a hard substrate, which is attached later to the surface of clothes.
Such technique has posed limitations in applying it for wearable displays because inflexible displays were not adequate in practice,
and the characteristics of fabric were ignored. For a solution, the research team discarded the tradition of creating light emitting displays on a plane board.
Instead, they focused on fibers, a component of fabrics, and developed a fiber-like light emitting diode that has the characteristics of both fabrics and displays.
The essence of this technology, the dip coating process, is to immerse and extract a three dimensional (3-D) board that looks like a thread in a solution.
The researchers said that this technology would accelerate the commercialization of fiber based wearable displays
"Our research will become a core technology in developing light emitting diodes on fibers, which are fundamental elements of fabrics.
we can lower the barrier of wearable displays to enter the market.""The first author of the published paper, Seon-Il Kwon, added,
"This technology will eventually allow the production of wearable displays to be as easily as making clothes
"They can just email me,"said Wilson, "and we'll send them the assay, and then they can do it in their own lab
We're also releasing all of the technical data for the probes so researchers can recreate
In some ways it's making genetic testing open source.""The development of the new test is an example of Stanford Medicine's focus on precision health,
"This is a remarkable evolutionary solution for'social networking'in large colonies, "Ray explained.""A more volatile body odor cue would be confusing to associate with an individual
#New optical chip lights up the race for quantum computer The microprocessor inside a computer is a single multipurpose chip that has revolutionized people's life,
allowing them to use one machine to surf the web, check emails and keep track of finances.
Now, researchers from the University of Bristol in the UK and Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) in Japan, have pulled off the same feat for light in the quantum world by developing an optical chip that can process photons in an infinite number
of ways. It's a major step forward in creating a quantum computer to solve problems such as designing new drugs
superfast database searches, and performing otherwise intractable mathematics that aren't possible for super computers.
Arraysince before Newton held a prism to a ray of sunlight and saw a spectrum of colour,
much like they operate any other piece of software on a computer. They no longer need to convince a physicist to devote many months of their life to painstakingly build
because the world's leading quantum photonics group teamed up with Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT), the world's leading telecommunications company.
and engineering expertise in the telecommunications industry. It's a model that we need to encourage
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