Like a radio tuned to different stations cell phone antennas have tuning circuits that quickly switch frequencies
Cell phone companies want to improve these circuits to pack more discrete signals into a finite allocation of spectrum
which drains cell phone batteries. The new type of tunable dielectric could greatly improve the performance of microwave circuit capacitors found in every cell phone
and open up new possibilities for wireless communication at much higher frequencies. The scientific achievement is twofold.
The tunable dielectric and its properties were envisioned first on paper tested on the computer created in the lab atom by atom patterned into a capacitor device
and greatly lower the films performance in circuitsâ##a problem cell phone companies would like to solve.
Scientists have theorized long a larger internal system monitors these individual gauges like a neural thermostat regulating average firing rates across the whole brain.
Soon the neocortical neural firing rates were the same in both hemispheres one with visual data and one without.
#Drop an internet in the ocean to detect tsunamis University at Buffalo rightoriginal Studyposted by Cory Nealon-Buffalo on October 14 2013a deep-sea internet network is expected to improve the way scientists detect tsunamis monitor pollution
and analyze data from our oceans in real timesays Tommaso Melodia associate professor of electrical engineering at the University at Buffalo
and the projectâ#lead researcher. aking this information available to anyone with a smartphone or computer especially when a tsunami or other type of disaster occurs could help save lives. elodia will present his paper at the Association for Computing Machineryâ
Land-based wireless networks rely on radio waves that transmit data via satellites and antennae. Unfortunately radio waves work poorly underwaterâ
##which is why agencies like the Navy and National oceanic and atmospheric administration use sound wave-based techniques to communicate underwater.
For example NOAA relies on acoustic waves to send data from tsunami sensors on the sea floor to surface buoys.
The buoys convert the acoustic waves into radio waves to send the data to a satellite which then redirects the radio waves back to land-based computers.
but sharing data between them is difficult because each system often has a different infrastructure.
The new framework will solve that problem by transmitting data from existing and planned underwater sensor networks to laptops smartphones and other wireless devices in real time.
Melodia tested the system recently in Lake erie a few miles south of downtown Buffalo. Hovannes Kulhandjian and Zahed Hossain both doctoral candidates in his lab dropped two 40-pound sensors into the water.
Kulhandjian typed a command into a laptop. Seconds later a series of high-pitched chirps ricocheted off a nearby concrete wall an indication that the test worked.
A deep-sea internet has many applications Melodia says including linking together buoy networks that detect tsunamis.
It may also help collect oceanographic data and monitoring pollution. The framework will encourage collaboration among researchers
and marine mammals and find out how to best protect them from shipping traffic and other dangersmelodia says. n internet underwater has so many possibilities. ource:
The new chip which is a hundred times more sensitive than current devices is fitted with wires that can be hooked up to a card for wireless data transmission
and linked wirelessly to computers allows growers toâ ontrol the precise moisture of blocks of land based on target goalssays Vinay Pagay who helped develop the chip as a doctoral student in Lakso s lab
. or their analysis the researchers used ultraviolet spectroscopy data obtained with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph on board the Hubble space telescope of the white dwarf GD 61.
The Hubble and Keck data allows the researchers to identify the different chemical elements that are polluting the outer layers white dwarf.
Using a sophisticated computer model of the white dwarf atmosphere developed by Detlev Koester at the University of Kiel they were able to infer the chemical composition of the shredded minor planet.
and studied could provide a scalable inexpensive platform to monitor toxic vapors from industrial solvents.
when lava and water meet in aerial environments the water instantly flashes to steamsays Gregg associate professor of geology. hatâ#a volume increase of eight timesâ##boom.?
if you hit that same stop sign at 40 miles an hourgregg says. hereâ#a lot more energy that will be released. he Iceland formations some over 2 meters tall display telltale features that hint at how they were created.
or Java##to rogramhow DNA molecules interact in a test tube or cell. A team has developed a programming language for chemistry that it hopes will streamline efforts to design a network that can guide the behavior of chemical-reaction mixtures in the same way that embedded electronic controllers guide cars robots and other devices.
In medicine such networks could serve as martdrug deliverers or disease detectors at the cellular level.
and of computer science and engineering at the University of Washington. he vision is that eventually you can use this technology to build general-purpose tools. urrently
Seelig likens this new approach to programming languages that tell a computer what to do. think this is appealing
because it allows you to solve more than one problemseelig says. f you want a computer to do something else you just reprogram it.
and Microsoft Research. The National Science Foundation the Burroughs Wellcome Fund and the National Centers for Systems Biology supported the research.
In the past several years optical-based oscillatorsâ##which require optical reference cavitiesâ##have become better than electronic oscillators at delivering stable microwave and radio frequencies.
Stanford university rightoriginal Studyposted by Tom Abate-Stanford on September 27 2013engineers have built a basic computer using carbon nanotubes a success that points to a potentially faster more efficient alternative to silicon chips.
and computer scientist at Stanford university who co-led the work. ut there have been few demonstrations of complete digital systems using this exciting technology.
and entice them to explore how this technology can lead to smaller more energy-efficient processors in the next decaderabaey says.
but effective circuit that shows that computation is doable using CNTS. s Mitra says: t s not just about the CNT COMPUTER.
and generate more heatâ##all in a smaller and smaller space as evidenced by the warmth emanating from the bottom of a laptop.
Many researchers believe that this power-wasting phenomenon could spell the end of Moore s Law named for Intel Corp. cofounder Gordon Moore who predicted in 1965 that the density of transistors would double roughly every two years
But smaller faster and cheaper has meant also smaller faster and hotter. nergy dissipation of silicon-based systems has been a major concernsays Anantha Chandrakasan head of electrical engineering and computer science at MIT and a world
The Stanford researchers created a powerful algorithm that maps out a circuit layout that is guaranteed to work no matter
The Stanford team used this imperfection-immune design to assemble a basic computer with 178 transistors a limit imposed by the fact that they used the university s chip-making facilities rather than an industrial fabrication process.
It runs a basic operating system that allows it to swap between these processes. In a demonstration of its potential the researchers also showed that the CNT COMPUTER could run MIPS a commercial instruction set developed in the early 1980s by then Stanford engineering professor and now university President John Hennessy.
and director of SONIC a consortium of next-generation chip design research. he Wong/Mitra paper demonstrates the promise of CNTS in designing complex computing systemsshanbhag says adding that this will motivate researchers elsewhere toward greater efforts in chip design
beyond silicon. hese are initial necessary steps in taking carbon nanotubes from the chemistry lab to a real environmentsays Supratik Guha director of physical sciences for IBM s Thomas J. Watson Research center
But in this case that technology wasn t sensitive enough to identify the binding site of the expansin protein.
#Earth s inner core spins faster than rest of planet University of Leeds rightoriginal Studyposted by Ben Jones-U. Leeds on September 17 2013the Earth s
inner core made up of solid iron uperrotatesin an eastward direction while the outer core comprising mainly molten iron spins westwards at a slower pace.
Although Edmund Halley who also discovered the famous comet showed the westward-drifting motion of the Earth s geomagnetic field in 1692 it is the first time that scientists have been able to link the way the inner core spins to the behavior of the outer core.
The planet behaves in this way because it is responding to the Earth s geomagnetic field.
The findings published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences help scientists to interpret the dynamics of the core of the Earth the source of our planet s magnetic field.
In the last few decades seismometers measuring earthquakes travelling through the Earth s core have identified an eastwards
or superrotation of the solid inner core relative to Earth s surface. he link is explained simply in terms of equal and opposite actionsays Philip Livermore of the School of Earth
and Environment at the University of Leeds. he magnetic field pushes eastwards on the inner core causing it to spin faster than the Earth
but it also pushes in the opposite direction in the liquid outer core which creates a westward motion. he solid iron inner core is about the size of the Moon.
It is surrounded by the liquid outer core an iron alloy whose convection-driven movement generates the geomagnetic field.
The fact that the Earth s internal magnetic field changes slowly over a timescale of decades means that the electromagnetic force responsible for pushing the inner and outer cores will itself change over time.
This may explain fluctuations in the predominantly eastwards rotation of the inner core a phenomenon reported for the last 50 years by Tkalä iä#et al. in a recent study published in Nature Geoscience.
Viewed within the conclusions of the new model this suggests that the inner core may have undergone a westwards rotation in such periods.
The authors used a model of the Earth s core that was run on the giant supercomputer Monte Rosa part of The swiss National Supercomputing Centre in Lugano Switzerland.
Using a new method they were able to simulate the Earth s core with an accuracy about 100 times better than other models.
#Ink-jet printing creates soft nanostructures A new way to make nanostructures combines advanced ink-jet printing technology with block copolymers that spontaneously form ultra-fine structures.
Recently developed ultra high-resolution ink jet printing techniques have some potential with demonstrated resolution down to 100-200 nanometers
Combining jet printing with self-assembling block copolymers enabled the engineers to attain the much higher resolution as suggested by lead author Serdar Onses a postdoctoral scientist at Illinois. Onses earned his doctorate at the University of Wisconsin
or spatially placed over a wafer. his invention to use ink-jet printing to deposit different block copolymer films with high spatial resolution over the substrate is highly enabling in terms of device design
or different templates in different regions. he advanced form of ink-jet printing the engineers use to locally deposit block copolymers is called electrohydrodynamic or e-jet printing.
It operates much like the ink jet-printers printers office workers use for printing on paper. he idea is flow of materials from small openings except e-jet is a special high-resolution version of ink jet-printers printers that can print features down
and other types of nanomaterials. he most interesting aspect of this work is the ability to combine top down techniques of jet printing with â##bottom upâ##processes of self-assembly in a way that opens up new capabilities
I look back at my career I will be most proud ofmuller says. t s the first time that anyone has been able to see the arrangement of atoms in a glass. hat s more two-dimensional glass could someday find a use in transistors by providing a defect-free ultra-thin material that could improve the performance of processors
in computers and smartphones. The National Science Foundation funded the work at Cornell. Source: Cornell Universityyou are free to share this article under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noderivs 3. 0 Unported license 3
The nanoscale building blocks display remarkable strength and resistance to failure despite being more than 85 percent air.
which suggests that the general fabrication technique the researchers developed could be used to produce lightweight mechanically robust small-scale components such as batteries interfaces catalysts
or motions to the user to guide a child s hand as they play computer games designed to help writing.
and the School of Mathematics and Physics at the University of Queensland. his is a process by
the first time the stunning process of quantum teleportation has now been used in a circuit to relay information from one corner of the sample to the other. hat makes our work interesting is the system uses a circuit much like modern computer chips. n our system the quantum
Data analysis at Brown took place using the computing resources of the Center for Computation and Visualization.
Unlikely odds#An unexpected find was the unique integration sites for the retrovirus in South american/European
They are commonly found across species of birds including those that lay blue eggs as well as non-blue eggs within a single population like the cuckoo and guillemot.#
Using mouse studies only about 100 genes with imprinted expression had been identified. To determine whether other genes exhibit imprinted expression Wang
Of those genes transcriptome data from placental tissue revealed that 93 genes were imprinted. While only 15 of the 40 known imprinted human genes were identified in this set their expression bias was identical to that of humans indicating a highly conserved function for these genes between the horse family and humans.
Mouse experiments showed that if all DNA comes from the mother the embryo grows quite well
#Bubble lens bends nano beam of light PENN STATE (US) Using a few tiny liquid bubbles to bend light beams could open the doors for next-generation, high-speed circuits and displays, according to new research.
and electrical and computer engineering at Northeastern University, worked with Nicholas Fang, associate professor of mechanical engineering at MIT,
These distinctive craters were documented first in data returned from the Viking missions to Mars in the 1970s
since DLES were discovered in the 1970s we have a model for their formation that appears to be consistent with a very wide range of known data Weiss says.
and the data support that#Porfiri explains.##The majority of control group fish avoided the robotic predator preferred the light compartment and sought shelter quickly after the heron attack.
#Convert microscope into billion-pixel imager for $200 CALTECH (US) Engineers have devised a way to convert a conventional microscope into a billion-pixel imaging system for about $200. n my view,
And building upon a conventional microscope, the new system costs only about $200 to implement. ne big advantage of this new approach is the hardware compatibility,
No other hardware modification is needed. The rest of the job is done by the computer. The new system acquires about 150 low-resolution images of a sample.
Each image corresponds to one LED element in the LED array. Therefore in the various images, light coming from known different directions illuminates the sample.
because the system acquires a complete set of data about the light field, it can computationally correct errorsuch as out of focus-focus imageso samples do need not to be rescanned. t will take the same data
and allow you to perform refocusing computationally, Yang says. The researchers say that the new method could have wide applications not only in digital pathology but also in everything from hematology to wafer inspection to forensic photography.
and continue to collect sufficient data to explore this possible CP violation.##One in a trillionthe T2k experiment based in Tokai Japan expects to collect 10 times more data in the near future including data with an antineutrino beam.
Manly explains that neutrinos are notoriously difficult to study and the oscillation that the researchers seek can be mimicked by other processes.
The researchers have gathered now 3. 5 times more data and this transformation is established firmly. The probability that random statistical fluctuations alone would produce the observed excess of electron neutrinos is less than one in a trillion.
An analysis of the data from the Super-Kamiokande detector associated with the neutrino beam time from J-PARC reveals that there are more electron neutrinos (a total of 28 events) than would be expected (4. 6 events) without this new process.
#iphone artists help solve#fat finger#problem CARNEGIE MELLON (US) Using the data amassed with an iphone drawing game,
researchers have built a tool that improves touchscreen art. The fingers of thousands of people who created sketches of Brad pitt
and Angelina jolie on their iphones can collectively guide and correct the drawing strokes of subsequent touchscreen users in an application created by researchers at Carnegie mellon University and Microsoft Research.
The app compensates for the at fingerproblem associated with touchscreens, automatically correcting a person drawing strokes
while preserving the user artistic style. ur goal was to make it invisible to the user, so people wouldn even be aware the correction is taking place,
says Alex Limpaecher, a Ph d. student in Carnegie mellon University computer science department. Adrien Treuille, associate professor of computer science and robotics, says the drawing assistance app is just one example of how Big data can be used to enhance drawing
and writing on touchscreens and even provide deep insights into art and perception. The trick has been to create drawing databases large enough to leveragen obstacle that he
and his research team surmounted with an iphone drawing game. The game they created, Drawafriend
motivated thousands of people to sketch Brad pitt, Angelina jolie, and other celebrities. In its first week, the game generated 1, 500 images a day.
The game is still operational and the resulting database now includes more than 17,000 images, each with stroke-by-stroke information about how it was created. e are in the middle of a Big data revolution,
Treuille says. ee found that Big data can be used to do amazing things. But success is not inevitable;
With Drawafriend, wee found a way to use crowdsourcing to create this critical resource for a data-impoverished phenomenon.
Real-time correction In Drawafriend, players take turns drawing faces of celebrities or of mutual friends from Facebook.
Not only does it create a large database of drawing strokes the game motivates players to try to draw as best they can
The team used the database of celebrity photos to create a simple stroke-correction method.
By determining the consensus of the strokes from the database drawings, they found that they could cancel out the oisecaused by large fingers trying to draw on small screens.
This correction occurs in real-time so the person is not aware that the drawing is being cleaned up even as it is being created.
For instance, Limpaecher says algorithms have previously been created for identifying whether a person is drawing a face,
but large databases have not been available to enable their use. Likewise, the correction function now used for sketches based on photos could be modified for freehand drawing.
To broaden the database the game could be modified to include drawings other than portrait sketches. Treuille says databases of drawings also could be used to address more basic questions.
Drawings often differ substantially in appearance from their real-life subjects, he notes, which suggests that databases of drawings could be mined for insights into human perception.
Such findings, in turn, might help in developing better object recognition or scene analysis for computer vision systems.
The databases also might be used to create teaching tools to improve the artistic techniques of students,
he adds. Limpaecher presented the findings at SIGGRAPH 2013 the International Conference on Computer graphics and Interactive Techniques, in Anaheim, California.
In addition to Treuille, the other team members were Nicholas Feltman, a Ph d. student in computer science, and Michael Cohen, principal researcher in Microsoft Research Interactive Visual Media Group.
The National Science Foundation, Google, Qualcomm, Adobe, Intel, and the Okawa Foundation supported the research a
##Solar steam kills germs while off the grid RICE (US) A new sterilization system uses nanomaterials to convert 80 percent of the energy in sunlight into heat,
The researchers hope to conduct the first field tests of the solar steam waste sterilizer at three sites in Kenya. anitation technology isn glamorous,
and the topographic data can distinguish changes in elevation at a resolution of 1 meter.
Using this data the researchers analyzed the stratigraphic layers of the inverted channels, piecing together the history of how sediments were deposited along these ancient rivers and streams.
Huajian Gao professor of engineering tried to explain those results using powerful computer simulations but he ran into a problem.
which recorded acoustic data and high-resolution movements as the animals were exposed to the controlled sounds.
That area of the ocean is also the site of military training and testing exercises that involve loud mid-frequency sonar signals.
and dodges screen freezes in mobile devices. It s the bane of streaming media#the endlessly spinning cursor on a dark screen or the final minutes of a favorite show freezing to a halt
when the wireless signal weakens. The new technology called streamloading could make spotty streaming and data-hogging downloads a thing of the past.
In the simplest terms streamloading makes use of a video format that splits the video into two layers#a base layer
Traditional streaming involves downloading 30 to 60 seconds of video ahead of time with the video quality and speed varying depending on wireless signal strength.
Streamloading allows users to pre-download the enhancement layer onto their devices in a location where wireless signal is strong#at home for example#and stream only the base layer at the time of viewing.
Shivendra S. Panwar professor of electrical and computer engineering the Polytechnic institute of New york University and the lead developer of streamloading estimates that the technique could remove as much as 75 percent of the streaming content from increasingly overloaded cellular wireless networks
while at the same time reducing high data usage charges for consumers Panwar explains that#in the best-case scenario we ll at the same time relieve some of the bandwidth crunch for wireless carriers
Although users will technically be downloading and saving content on their devices#something that s prohibited by streaming content services like Netflix#Panwar explains that
The National Science Foundation and the Center for Advanced Technology in Telecommunications (CATT) at NYU-Poly support the work.
#Computer picks emotion based on brain scan CARNEGIE MELLON (US) For the first time, scientists have identified which emotion a person is experiencing based on brain activity.
combines functional magnetic resonance imaging (fmri) and machine learning to measure brain signals to accurately read emotions in individuals.
because the impact of film clips diminishes with repeated display. The researchers solved the problem by recruiting actors from the School of Drama. ur big breakthrough was my colleague Karim Kassam idea of testing actors,
The computer model, constructed from using statistical information to analyze the fmri activation patterns gathered for 18 emotional words
The computer model achieved a rank accuracy of 0. 84. Rank accuracy refers to the percentile rank of the correct emotion in an ordered list of the computer model guesses;
random guessing would result in a rank accuracy of 0. 50. Next, the team took the machine learning analysis of the self-induced emotions to guess which emotion the subjects were experiencing
when they were exposed to the disgusting photographs. The computer model achieved a rank accuracy of 0. 91.
With nine emotions to choose from, the model listed disgust as the most likely emotion 60 percent of the time and as one of its top two guesses 80 percent of the time.
Finally, they applied machine learning analysis of neural activation patterns from all but one of the participants to predict the emotions experienced by the hold out participant.
when the computer model made use of activation patterns in only one of a number of different subsections of the human brain. his suggests that emotion signatures aren limited to specific brain regions,
but produce characteristic patterns throughout a number of brain regions, says Vladimir Cherkassky, senior research programmer in the psychology department.
for Agricultural research for Development or CIRAD in France scrutinized the available field and laboratory data to test predictions about resistance.
and with the data accumulated over that period we have a better scientific understanding of how fast the insects evolve resistance and why.#
#Analyzing data from 77 studies of 13 pest species in eight countries on five continents the researchers found well-documented cases of field-evolved resistance to Bt crops in five major pests
#Computer models showed that refuges should be especially good for delaying resistance when inheritance of resistance in the pest is recessive#explains Carri##re.
#If the data indicate that the pest s resistance is likely to be recessive and resistance is rare initially the risk of rapid resistance evolution is low#Tabashnik says.
Although the new report is the most comprehensive evaluation of pest resistance to Bt crops so far Tabashnik emphasizes that it represents only the beginning of using systematic data analyses to enhance understanding and management of resistance.#
The progress made provides motivation to collect more data and to incorporate it in planning future crop deployments.#
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