Synopsis: Domenii: Ict: Ict generale:


www.medgadget.com 2015 00504.txt.txt

Excellent correlation was found between the protein distribution data obtained with this method and data obtained with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) chemical imaging analyses of serial sections of the same tissue.

The protein distributions correlated with the visible anatomic pattern of the pituitary gland. AVP was most abundant in the posterior pituitary gland region (neurohypophysis


www.medgadget.com 2015 00505.txt.txt

The camera detects objects in front of the user, sending signals to the intraoral device that has an array of electrodes on the surface.

allowing the user to get a general idea of what ahead. The technology certainly doesn come close to natural vision in being able to recognize objects,


www.medgadget.com 2015 00509.txt.txt

the researchers wrote a computer program that spots the relevant parameters within OCT scan data. The results come back as a 3d color map of the tissue under the probe,


www.medgadget.com 2015 00513.txt.txt

The team used a motorized robot that was controlled via an ECG cap by the user thoughts alone.

The users underwent about 10 days of training before testing their skills against other users.

This way the user can provide overall directions, and the robot figuring out the details of how to get from point A to B. Here an EPFL video showing off the technology n


www.medgadget.com 2015 00547.txt.txt

#Scientists 3d Print Bone Tissue With Live Cells and Pre-Loaded Proteins Printing bone tissue sounds like a great idea,

Now a partnership between scientists at University of Nottingham in the UK and Cornell University in New york have developed a way of printing bonelike biocompatible material at room temperature


www.medgadget.com 2015 00548.txt.txt

and accompanying software that lets users type by simply looking at letters on a screen,

and software that is calibrated for the user unique needs. It can be used to issue a general alarm


www.medgadget.com 2015 00557.txt.txt

#St jude Medical Invisible Trial System Uses ipads, ipods to Control Pain Relieving Neurostimulator St jude Medical landed FDA approval to introduce its Invisible Trial System,

ruining the experience for many potential users of the technology. The Invisible Trial System instead uses an Apple ipod touch and an ipad mini as the control system, improving how both patients

and physicians program and control the temporary stimulator. Moreover, the system relies on wireless Bluetooth connectivity to talk to the neurostimulator

completely getting rid of cables that have been used in the past to connect to the device. The ipad mini is used by the physician to program the neurostimulator

and assess its effectiveness in treating pain, while the ipod touch is for the patient to control the level of therapy throughout the day.


www.medgadget.com 2015 00559.txt.txt

It also HAS LED a tiny built-in that can deliver light to the implantation site because it was developed originally for studying optogenetics,


www.medgadget.com 2015 00575.txt.txt

#Wize Mirror to Monitor Health, Prevent Cardio-Metabolic Diseases Seasoned primary care physicians often have an uncanny ability to notice symptoms by simply looking at their patients.

as well as harnessing the results to provide health guidance to the user. The team has developed a prototype device called a Wize Mirror,

and facial recognition software identifies how stressed or calm you are. There is also a gas analyzer that will tell you


www.mnn.com 2015 00626.txt.txt

saline solution--making the entire process safe and harmless,"according to SALT Corp.,at their website. Even better

It even comes equipped with a USB port for charging smartphone batteries. In the event that you don't carry a bag of salt with you,


www.moreinspiration.com 2015 00021.txt.txt

There enough interest, Suriol says, that he fields upward of 200 emails a day from people inquiring about the turbine.


www.moreinspiration.com 2015 00030.txt.txt

#New Honeycomb-Inspired Design Protects Against Impacts Conventional honeycomb structures are insular panels of repeating, often hexagonal-shaped cells in a range of sizes and configurations.


www.nanomagazine.co.uk_category&id=172&Itemid=158 2015 00034.txt.txt

#Computing at the speed of light Engineers have taken a step forward in creating the next generation of computers and mobile devices capable of speeds millions of times faster than current machines.

The Utah engineers have developed an ultracompact beamsplitter the smallest on record for dividing light waves into two separate channels of information.

and shuttle data with light instead of electrons. Electrical and computer engineering associate professor Rajesh Menon and colleagues describe their invention today in the journal Nature Photonics.

Silicon photonics could significantly increase the power and speed of machines such as supercomputers data center servers and the specialized computers that direct autonomous cars and drones with collision detection.

Eventually, the technology could reach home computers and mobile devices and improve applications from gaming to video streaming. ight is the fastest thing you can use to transmit information,

says Menon. ut that information has to be converted to electrons when it comes into your laptop.

In that conversion, youe slowing things down. The vision is to do everything in light. hotons of light carry information over the Internet through fiber-optic networks.

But once a data stream reaches a home or office destination the photons of light must be converted to electrons before a router

or computer can handle the information. That bottleneck could be eliminated if the data stream remained as light within computer processors. ith all light,

computing can eventually be millions of times faster, says Menon. To help do that, the U engineers created a much smaller form of a polarization beamsplitter

(which looks somewhat like a barcode) on top of a silicon chip that can split guided incoming light into its two components.

Before, such a beamsplitter was over 100 by 100 microns. Thanks to a new algorithm for designing the splitter

Menon team has shrunk it to 2. 4 by 2. 4 microns, or one-fiftieth the width of a human hair and close to the limit of what is physically possible.

The beamsplitter would be just one of a multitude of passive devices placed on a silicon chip to direct light waves in different ways.

By shrinking them down in size, researchers will be able to cram millions of these devices on a single chip.

Potential advantages go beyond processing speed. The Utah team design would be cheap to produce

mobile devices such as smartphones or tablets built with this technology would consume less power, have longer battery life

and generate less heat than existing mobile devices. The first supercomputers using silicon photonics already under development at companies such as Intel

and IBM will use hybrid processors that remain partly electronic. Menon believes his beamsplitter could be used in those computers in about three years.

Data centers that require faster connections between computers also could implement the technology soon, he says.

Image: The overhead view of a new beamsplitter for silicon photonics chips that is the size of one-fiftieth the width of a human hair.

University of Utah Electrical and Computer engineering Associate professor Rajesh Menon is leading a team that has created the world smallest beamsplitter for silicon photonic chips.

The discovery will lead to computers and mobile devices that could be millions of times faster than machines today

because the information or data that is computed or shuttled is done through light instead of electrons. Photo credit:

Dan Hixson/University of Utah College of Engineering Source: http://unews. utah. edu/news releases/..


www.nanomagazine.co.uk_category&id=172&Itemid=158 2015 00038.txt.txt

#Charting quantum signatures of electronic transport in graphene Over the last seven years, Javier Sanchez-Yamagishi has built several hundred nanoscale stacked graphene systems to study their electronic properties."

"What interests me a lot is that the properties of this combined system depend sensitively on the relative alignment between them,

What excites physicists is that this butterfly is one of the rare examples of a fractal pattern in quantum physics."


www.nanomagazine.co.uk_category&id=172&Itemid=158 2015 00043.txt.txt

An illustration of the molecule used by Columbia Engineering professor Latha Venkataraman to create the first single-molecule diode with a non-trivial rectification ratio overlaid on the raw current versus voltage data.


www.nanomagazine.co.uk_category&id=172&Itemid=158 2015 00044.txt.txt

and computer engineering professor Zhenqiang"Jack"Ma, described the new device in a paper published May 26, 2015 by the journal Nature Communications("High-performance green flexible electronics based on biodegradable

or support layer, of a computer chip, with cellulose nanofibril (CNF), a flexible, biodegradable material made from wood."

Yei Hwan Jung, a graduate student in electrical and computer engineering and a co-author of the paper,


www.nanomagazine.co.uk_category&id=172&Itemid=158 2015 00059.txt.txt

Surface diffusion is atoms hopping around, site to site, somewhat chaotically, almost like a fluid.


www.nanomagazine.co.uk_category&id=172&Itemid=158 2015 00060.txt.txt

We have an array of emitters that can be thought of as a dot matrix-printer printer where you would be able to individually control each emitter to print deposits of nanofibers. angled talenanofibers are useful for any application that benefits from a high ratio of surface area to volume solar cells, for instance,


www.nanomagazine.co.uk_category&id=172&Itemid=158 2015 00061.txt.txt

We have an array of emitters that can be thought of as a dot matrix-printer printer where you would be able to individually control each emitter to print deposits of nanofibers. angled talenanofibers are useful for any application that benefits from a high ratio of surface area to volume solar cells, for instance,


www.nanomagazine.co.uk_category&id=172&Itemid=158 2015 00075.txt.txt

right Visible light Emission from Graphene, is published in the Advance Online Publication (AOP) on Nature Nanotechnology's website on June 15."

and transparent displays, and graphene-based on-chip optical communications.""Creating light in small structures on the surface of a chip is crucial for developing fully integrated'photonic'circuits that do with light


www.nanomagazine.co.uk_category&id=172&Itemid=158 2015 00095.txt.txt

When the new iphone came out, customers complained that it could be bent-but what if you could roll up your too big 6 Plus to actually fit in your pocket?

Consumers also demand phones to be lighter, faster, smaller, more flexible, wearable, bendable, etc. Yet silicon is also rigid one can bend your smart phone or computer.

These physical limitations have driven the race for new materials that can be used as semiconductors in lieu of silicon.

In addition, the researchers anticipate that it could also lead to important improvement for devices that monitor the environment. e believe these materials are important members in a large family of 2d materials


www.nanomagazine.co.uk_category&id=172&Itemid=158 2015 00097.txt.txt

The results demonstrate a powerful operando technique-from the Latin for"in working condition"-that may revolutionize research on catalysts

They conducted x-ray studies at the National Synchrotron Light source (NSLS) and electron microscopy at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials (CFN), both DOE Office of Science User Facilities."

and distribution of catalysts affect their efficiency and durability,"said study coauthor Ralph Nuzzo of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign."

we can better determine the ideal design of future catalysts-especially those that drive energy-efficient reactions without using expensive and rare materials like platinum."

"The XAS and TEM data, analyzed together, let us calculate the numbers and average sizes of not one,

but several different types of catalysts,"said coauthor and Yeshiva University scientist Anatoly Frenkel, who led the x-ray experiments."

"For the first time, the operando approach was used to correlate data obtained by different techniques at the same stages of the reaction."

"A relatively straightforward mathematical approach allowed them to deduce the total number of ultra-small particles missing in the TEM data."

"We took the full XAS data, which incorporates particles of all sizes, and removed the TEM results covering particles larger than one nanometer-the remainder fills in that crucial subnanometer gap in our knowledge of catalyst size

Added Stach,"In the past, scientists would look at data before and after the reaction under model conditions, especially with TEM,

"Each round of data collection took six hours at NSLS, but will take just minutes at NSLS-II,


www.nanomagazine.co.uk_category&id=172&Itemid=158 2015 00105.txt.txt

An artistic rendition of the superluminal running wave of charge that excites the surface plasmon wakes.


www.nanomagazine.co.uk_category&id=172&Itemid=158 2015 00112.txt.txt

According to an American study, approximately half the energy required to run computer servers, is used for cooling purposes alone.

such as highly Efficient light Emitting Diodes (LEDS), lasers and radio frequency components for cooling purposes. Graphene-based film could also pave the way for faster, smaller, more energy efficient, sustainable high power electronics."


www.nanomagazine.co.uk_category&id=172&Itemid=158 2015 00114.txt.txt

and environmentally benign method to combat bacteria by engineering nanoscale particles that add the antimicrobial potency of silver to a core of lignin,

The remaining particles degrade easily after disposal because of their biocompatible lignin core, limiting the risk to the environment."

and environmentally responsible method to make effective antimicrobials with biomaterial cores.""The researchers used the nanoparticles to attack E coli, a bacterium that causes food poisoning;


www.nanomagazine.co.uk_category&id=172&Itemid=158 2015 00115.txt.txt

and environmentally benign method to combat bacteria by engineering nanoscale particles that add the antimicrobial potency of silver to a core of lignin,

The remaining particles degrade easily after disposal because of their biocompatible lignin core, limiting the risk to the environment."

and environmentally responsible method to make effective antimicrobials with biomaterial cores.""The researchers used the nanoparticles to attack E coli, a bacterium that causes food poisoning;


www.nanomagazine.co.uk_category&id=172&Itemid=158 2015 00125.txt.txt

minimally invasive device for controlling brain cells with drugs and lighta study showed that scientists can wirelessly determine the path a mouse walks with a press of a button.

"The researchers fabricated the implant using semiconductor computer chip manufacturing techniques. It has room for up to four drugs

who is now an assistant professor of electrical, computer, and energy engineering at University of Colorado Boulder."


www.nanomagazine.co.uk_category&id=172&Itemid=158 2015 00134.txt.txt

At its most basic level, your smart phone's battery is powering billions of transistors using electrons to flip on and off billions of times per second.

and transmit data, computers could operate even faster. But first engineers must build a light source that can be turned on and off that rapidly.

While lasers can fit this requirement they are too energy-hungry and unwieldy to integrate into computer chips.

Duke university researchers are now one step closer to such a light source. In a new study, a team from the Pratt School of engineering pushed semiconductor quantum dots to emit light at more than 90 billion gigahertz.

an assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and physics at Duke. e can now start to think about making fast-switching devices based on this research, so there a lot of excitement about this demonstration.


www.nanomagazine.co.uk_category&id=172&Itemid=158 2015 00135.txt.txt

At its most basic level, your smart phone's battery is powering billions of transistors using electrons to flip on and off billions of times per second.

and transmit data, computers could operate even faster. But first engineers must build a light source that can be turned on and off that rapidly.

While lasers can fit this requirement they are too energy-hungry and unwieldy to integrate into computer chips.

Duke university researchers are now one step closer to such a light source. In a new study, a team from the Pratt School of engineering pushed semiconductor quantum dots to emit light at more than 90 billion gigahertz.

an assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and physics at Duke. e can now start to think about making fast-switching devices based on this research,


www.nanomagazine.co.uk_category&id=172&Itemid=158 2015 00136.txt.txt

the ability to upconvert two low energy photons into one high energy photon has potential applications in biological imaging, data storage and organic light-emitting diodes.


www.nanomagazine.co.uk_category&id=172&Itemid=158 2015 00137.txt.txt

the ability to upconvert two low energy photons into one high energy photon has potential applications in biological imaging, data storage and organic light-emitting diodes.


www.nanomagazine.co.uk_category&id=172&Itemid=158 2015 00139.txt.txt

or light-based wireless communication While lasers were invented in 1960 and are used commonly in many applications,

Cun-Zheng Ning, professor in the School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, authored the paper, monolithic white laser, with his doctoral students Fan Fan, Sunay Turkdogan, Zhicheng Liu

more energy efficient and can potentially provide more accurate and vivid colors for displays like computer screens and televisions.

Ning group has shown already that their structures could cover as much as 70 percent more colors than the current display industry standard.

The technology under development is called Li-Fi for light-based wireless communication, as opposed to the more prevailing Wi-fi,

using radio waves. Li-Fi could be more than 10 times faster than current Wi-fi and white laser Li-Fi could be 10 to 100 times faster than LED based Li-Fi currently still under development. he concept of white lasers first seems counterintuitive

because the light from a typical laser contains exactly one color, a specific wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum, rather than a broad-range of different wavelengths.

White light is viewed typically as a complete mixture of all of the wavelengths of the visible spectrum, said Ning,

those independent lasers cannot be used for room lighting or in displays, Ning said. single tiny piece of semiconductor material emitting laser light in all colors

are used widely for computer chips or for light generation in telecommunication systems. They have interesting optical properties


www.nanotech-now.com 2015 0000102.txt

the world of computing will undergo a revolution of sophistication, speed and energy efficiency that will make even our beefiest conventional machines seem like Stone age clunkers by comparison.

But, before that happens, quantum physicists like the ones in UC Santa barbara's physics professor John Martinis'lab will have to create circuitry that takes advantage of the marvelous computing prowess promised by the quantum bit("qubit),

"Unlike classical computing, in which the computer bits exist on one of two binary("yes/no,

It uses parity information--the measurement of change from the original data (if any)--as opposed to the duplication of the original information that is part of the process of error detection in classical computing.

That way the actual original information that is being preserved in the qubits remains unobserved. Why? Because quantum physics."

Therefore, in something akin to a Sudoku puzzle, the parity values of data qubits in a qubit array are taken by adjacent measurement qubits,

which essentially assess the information in the data qubits by measuring around them.""So you pull out just enough information to detect errors,

This development represents a meeting of the best in the science behind the physical and the theoretical in quantum computing--the latest in qubit stabilization and advances in the algorithms behind the logic of quantum computing."

entered into a partnership with Google.#####For more information, please click herecontacts: Sonia Fernandezwriteemail('ucsb. edu','sonia. fernandez';

Rice physicists build superconductor analog, observe antiferromagnetic order February 23rd, 2015quantum Computing Forbidden quantum leaps possible with high-res spectroscopy March 2nd,


www.nanotech-now.com 2015 0000109.txt

These 3d modules will enable a wide panel of new, full 3d architectures, like multiple-die stacking with flip-chip, side-by-side heterogeneous integration,

This enables a large group of users to take advantage of cost division made possible, at silicon level,

In addition, it allows 3d-MPW users to divide the cost of post processing. This benefits a large group of customers, such as universities, SMES, research institutes and systems integrators,

More information about this 3d-MPW offer and the 3d technologies from IRT Nanoelec and CMP is available on the websites www. irtnanoelec. fr

CMP distributes and supports several CAD software tools for both industrial companies and universities. Since 1981, more than 1, 000 Institutions from 70 countries have been served, more than 6,


www.nanotech-now.com 2015 000020.txt

A new technique invented at Caltech to produce graphene--a material made up of an atom-thick layer of carbon--at room temperature could help pave the way for commercially feasible graphene-based solar cells and light-emitting diodes, large-panel displays, and flexible electronics."

the phone rang. While Boyd took the call, he unintentionally let a copper foil heat for longer than usual before exposing it to methane vapor,

"In the future, you could have based graphene cellphone displays that generate their own power, "Yeh says. Another possibility, she says,

and Wen-Yuan Chan, Wei-Bing Su, and Chia-Seng Chang of the Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica.##


www.nanotech-now.com 2015 000021.txt

Tour is the T. T. and W. F. Chao Chair in Chemistry as well as a professor of materials science and nanoengineering and of computer science and a member of Rice's Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology.

and Media Relations via Twitter@Riceunewsfor more information, please click herecontacts: David Ruth713-348-6327writeemail('rice. edu','david';

New cheap and efficient electrode for splitting water March 18th, 2015military Data structures influence speed of quantum search in unexpected ways:

2015new technology may double radio frequency data capacity: Columbia engineers invent nanoscale IC that enables simultaneous transmission and reception at the same frequency in a wireless radio March 14th,

2015engineers create chameleon-like artificial'skin'that shifts color on demand March 12th, 2015the Universitat Politcnica de Valncia is coordinating a European project to develop a device for the quick and early diagnosis of cancer March 7th,


www.nanotech-now.com 2015 000024.txt

"said Michel Maharbiz, a UC Berkeley associate professor of electrical engineering and computer sciences and head of the smart-bandage project."

or it could be incorporated into a wound dressing to regularly monitor how it's healing."

such as the heels, hips and tailbone, are common sites for bedsores. Patients who are bedridden

"said study lead author Sarah Swisher, a Ph d. candidate in electrical engineering and computer sciences at UC Berkeley.

The smart bandage was used to collect data once a day for at least three days to track the progress of the wounds.

"Maharbiz said the outlook for this and other smart bandage research is bright.""As technology gets more and more miniaturized,

"##Other lead researchers on the project include Vivek Subramanian and Ana Claudia Arias, both faculty members in UC Berkeley's Department of Electrical engineering and Computer sciences;

and Yasser Khan, a UC Berkeley Ph d. student in electrical engineering and computer sciences, who fabricated the sensor array.


www.nanotech-now.com 2015 000032.txt

Tel aviv University researcher discovers novel nanoscale'metamaterial'could serve as future ultra-high-speed computing units March 19th, 2015an improved method for coating gold nanorods March 19th,

1 step closer with defect-free logic gate-Developing a new approach to quantum computing, based on braided quasiparticles as a logic gate to speed up computing,

1 step closer with defect-free logic gate-Developing a new approach to quantum computing, based on braided quasiparticles as a logic gate to speed up computing,

Tel aviv University researcher discovers novel nanoscale'metamaterial'could serve as future ultra-high-speed computing units March 19th,

Tel aviv University researcher discovers novel nanoscale'metamaterial'could serve as future ultra-high-speed computing units March 19th, 2015an improved method for coating gold nanorods March 19th,

Tel aviv University researcher discovers novel nanoscale'metamaterial'could serve as future ultra-high-speed computing units March 19th, 2015an improved method for coating gold nanorods March 19th,


www.nanotech-now.com 2015 000036.txt

"This study has high quality data because it was done in a blinded fashion, "Backman said.""Given that even in the unblinded dataset the investigator responsible for data acquisition was unaware of the clinical status,

there is no possibility of bias.""More studies are planned to further this research. Backman also hopes to use similar techniques to predict cancer progression in ovarian, breast and esophageal cancers.##

News and information'Additive manufacturing'could greatly improve diabetes management March 17th, 2015harris & Harris Group Reports Financial statements as of December 31, 2014 and Posts Annual Letter to Shareholders on Website March 17th, 2015four

2015announcements'Additive manufacturing'could greatly improve diabetes management March 17th, 2015harris & Harris Group Reports Financial statements as of December 31, 2014 and Posts Annual Letter to Shareholders on Website March 17th,


www.nanotech-now.com 2015 000039.txt

mobile devices and electric cars. Lithium-sulfur batteries have recently become one of the hottest topics in the field of energy storage devices due to their high energy density

--which is about four times higher than that of lithium-ion batteries currently used in mobile devices.


www.nanotech-now.com 2015 000046.txt

we anticipate such device developments as flexible displays and disposable RFID (automatic wireless identification) tags. Currently, development is mainly progressing for devices that use p-type organic semiconductors,

and devices on substrates using printing technology and so on.#####About Tanaka Holdings, Co.,Ltd. Tanaka Holdings Co.,Ltd.

Website: http://www. tanaka. co. jp/english (Tanaka Precious metals), http://pro. tanaka. co. jp/en (Industrial products) Electroplating Engineers of Japan Ltd.

and export of plating equipment 3. Import and sales of plating-related products Website: www. eeja. com/About the Tanaka Precious metals Established in 1885,

The eight core companies in the Tanaka Precious metals are as follows. -Tanaka Holdings Co.,Ltd. pure holding company)- Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K. K.-Tanaka Kikinzoku Hanbai K. K.-Tanaka Kikinzoku International K. K.-Tanaka Denshi Kogyo


www.nanotech-now.com 2015 000058.txt

#New technology may double radio frequency data capacity: Columbia engineers invent nanoscale IC that enables simultaneous transmission

networks can effectively double the frequency spectrum resources available for devices like smartphones and tablets."

and it is clear that today's wireless networks will not be able to support tomorrow's data deluge.

Today's standards, such as 4G LTE, already support 40 different frequency bands, and there is no space left at radio frequencies for future expansion.

At the same time, the grand challenge of the next-generation 5g network is to increase the data capacity by 1, 000 times.

So the ability to have a transmitter and receiver reuse the same frequency has the potential to immediately double the data capacity of today's networks.

Krishnaswamy notes that other research groups and startup companies have demonstrated the theoretical feasibility of simultaneous transmission and reception at the same frequency,

and bring this functionality to handheld devices such as cellular handsets, mobile devices such as tablets for Wifi,

and in cellular and Wifi base stations to support full duplex communications.""The biggest challenge the team faced with full duplex was canceling the transmitter's echo.


www.nanotech-now.com 2015 000070.txt

This new material-of-many-colors offers intriguing possibilities for an entirely new class of display technologies, color-shifting camouflage,

and beetles to create a particularly iridescent display of color. Controlling light with structures rather than traditional optics is not new.

"For consumers, this chameleon material could be used in a new class of display technologies, adding brilliant color presentations to outdoor entertainment venues.

Through world-renowned publications, meetings and membership initiatives, OSA provides quality research, inspired interactions and dedicated resources for its extensive global network of optics and photonics experts.


www.nanotech-now.com 2015 000075.txt

and are catalysts for change in business, government and society. CIFAR is supported generously by the governments of Canada, British columbia, Alberta, Ontario and Quebec, Canadian and international partners,


www.nanotech-now.com 2015 000076.txt

"Up to now, research on oxygen catalysts in thin film form for clean energy applications has been focused on the perovskite-structured oxides

Epitaxial thin films can actually act as more efficient fuel cell catalysts than nanocrystalline powder, but growing Bi2pt2o7 directly as a film requires oxidizing the platinum metal--a challenging step.

thought to be one of the most promising oxide catalysts for fuel cell applications, "said Gutierrez-Llorente.


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