#Taking control of light emission Researchers have found a way to couple the properties of different two-dimensional materials to provide an exceptional degree of control over light waves.
They say this has the potential to lead to new kinds of light detection, thermal-management systems,
and their co-authors at IBM T. J. Watson Research center, Hong kong Polytechnic University, and the University of Minnesota.
Many researchers see improved interconnection of optical and electronic components as a path to more efficient computation and imaging systems.
Phaedon Avouris, a researcher at IBM and co-author of the paper, says, he combination of these two materials provides a unique system that allows the manipulation of optical processes.
a researcher at IBM and the University of Minnesota, says, ur work paves the way for using 2-D material heterostructures for engineering new optical properties on demand.
Youtube video screenshotur molecular pump is radical chemistry an ingenious way of transferring energy from molecule to molecule,
Independently, the biotechnology company Prothena Corporation plc also discovered complementary data regarding MCAM, which led to an ongoing collaboration between the CRCHUM and Prothena.
#Toward reenpaper-thin, flexible electronics The rapid evolution of gadgets has brought us an impressive array of martproducts from phones to tablets,
The recorded signal is carried then via wire bundles from the patient brain to a computer,
The arrays were connected by a cable to a system of computers that processed the signals,
and controlled output devices that included a computer cursor and a robotic arm developed by collaborators at Johns hopkins university.
the patient was trained to control the computer cursor and the robotic arm with his mind.
Direct brain control of robots and computers has the potential to dramatically change the lives of many people,
New technique, called eep learning is a system of algorithms that enable robots to learn motor tasks through trial and error.
Professor Pieter Abbeel of UC Berkeley Department of Electrical engineering and Computer sciences said it is a new way to empower robot
and make it learn without changes to software.?The key is that when a robot is faced with something new,
The exact same software, which encodes how the robot can learn, was used to allow the robot to learn all the different tasks we gave it he said.
This learning ability did require tremendous amount of programming anyway. Usually, robots have to be programmed to handle the vast range of possible scenarios.
which layers of artificial neurons process overlapping raw sensory data, whether it is sound waves or image pixels.
It helps robot to categorize new object and patterns learn how to behave around them.
Deep learning is used already by programs, such as Siri on iphones, Google speech-to-text program or Google street view,
Scientists were testing their software with a Willow Garage Personal Robot 2 (PR2), which they nicknamed BRETT (Berkeley Robot for the Elimination of Tedious Tasks).
The algorithm controlling BRETT learning included a reward function that provided a score based upon how well the robot was doing with the task.
With more data robots will soon be able to learn much more complex things. It is a tremendous leap forward in robotics
From these clinical features of the disease, the team predicted that there would be a block to the production of pain-sensing neurons during the development of the embryo they confirmed this using a combination of studies in mouse and frog models,
who led the work at Brookhavencenter for Functional Nanomaterials (CFN), a DOE Office of Science User Facility. ntil now,
the reprogramming DNA strands adhere to open binding sites on the already assembled nanoparticles. These strands exert additional forces on the linked-up nanoparticles. y introducing different types of reprogramming DNA strands,
another DOE Office of Science User Facility that operated at Brookhaven Lab from 1982 until last September (now replaced by NSLS-II,
#Use Your Smartphone For Biosensing An Australian research team has shown that smartphones can be reconfigured as cost-effective, portable bioanalytical devices, with details reported in the latest edition of the Open Access Journal ensors
Made up of little more than a tablet, smart phone camera, polarizer and a box, the device is established based on well principles of fluorescent microscopy,
clinically relevant biomarkers found in high concentration in many human diseases. he samples were placed on the tablet
a polarizer sat on top of the samples to help separate the tablet light from the emission from the samples.
This was photographed then by the smartphone with the result obtained by analysing the colour and intensity of the image pixels.
The researchers believe that the device has enormous potential for use in point-of-care medical diagnostics,
Specialised software is required not and setting up the standard commercial tablet and smartphone is very straightforward.
The results can be analysed by simply taking an image and the readout is available immediately.
Goldys believes that we will see rapidly increasing use of smartphone technology in the field of biomedical diagnostics, particularly in resource poor areas.
A free application to convert your smartphone into a bio-sensing readout device will be available for download from the Centre for Nanoscale Biophotonics web site www. cnbp. org. au/smartphone biosensing c
#Who needs water to assemble DNA? Non-aqueous solvent supports DNA NANOTECHNOLOGY Scientists around the world are using the programmability of DNA to assemble complex nanometer scale structures.
By simulating experiments in computers and observing the results, they were able to design actual chemistry experiments and reagents with much better performance than traditional trial-and-error approaches.
collaboration could lead to biodegradable computer chips Portable electronics typically made of nonrenewable, non-biodegradable and potentially toxic materials are discarded at an alarming rate in consumerspursuit of the next best electronic gadget.
A cellulose nanofibril (CNF) computer chip rests on a leaf. Image credit: Yei Hwan Jung, Wisconsin Nano Engineering Device Laboratory A cellulose nanofibril (CNF) computer chip rests on a leaf.
Image credit: Yei Hwan Jung, Wisconsin Nano Engineering Device Laboratory The research team, led by UW-Madison electrical
and computer engineering professor Zhenqiang ackma, described the new device in a paper published on May 26, 2015 by the journal Nature Communications.
or support layer, of a computer chip, with cellulose nanofibril (CNF), a flexible, biodegradable material made from wood. he majority of material in a chip is support.
Yei Hwan Jung, a graduate student in electrical and computer engineering and a co-author of the paper,
which the end user manipulates to send a signal to an inductive heating coil within the device that melts the wax and releases the acid.
and remotely switch on and off appliances through their phones, tablets and computers. The technology, known as Eddy, was developed by CSIRO
Using an online interface on a computer, smartphone or tablet Eddy keeps track of electricity use,
collects and analyses the data, and makes recommendations to help users save money. It also allows users to remotely control major appliances such as air conditioners
hot water systems and pool pumps. To reduce demand on the grid during peak periods, users can also take part in demand management programs offered by their energy company
and receive rewards in return, such as discounts on their energy bill. his unique tool is all about giving people more control over their energy
and helping them to save money, CSIRO Research Leader Glenn Platt said. sing a simple online dashboard,
people can see how their energy use is tracking and make adjustments to reduce costs. he tool really highlights how easy it is for people to make big savings on their energy bill without impacting on their lifestyle. y viewing
households with solar PV systems can save additional money by programming their system to run certain appliances
The system uses cloud-based software and mini smart meters that look just like the regular circuit breakers found in your meter box.
The smart meters connect to the cloud via a small internet communication device in the house.
or damaged site has remained largely a mystery. New research, led by University of Bristol academics in collaboration with a team from the University of Sheffield,
and direct immune cells away from sites where they are doing damage, such as tumours, and send them to places where they are needed.
Previous studies had found that the earliest signal produced at a wound site responsible for attracting immune cells to the damaged site is hydrogen peroxide (H2o2.
and identify what causes the cells to migrate to sites of damage where they then detect,
and allow us to design therapies to direct immune cells away from sites where they are doing damage
Uofl was one of the major sites for the phase III clinical trial involving 436 patients who received the viral immunotherapy, talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC.
and other sites in hopes of accelerating cancer immunity and curing patients. e finally understand how to activate the human immune system to clear cancer cells,
The zebrafish and the mouse are the most commonly studied vertebrate laboratory animals whose genomes have been sequenced completely.
The top panel shows the measured differential conductance; the bottom panel shows the theoretical calculation (which has no disorder.
Both experiment and theory show splitting of the electron pairs with increasing field and reentrant pairing at higher fields (the merging of pairs of boundaries into vertical boundaries) l
data storage hardware and advancing quantum computing. uow195685 o one in the scientific community believed silicene paper could be made
Dr Du said. hen we use two small robotic arms that we move with a hand-held video game controller to catch the atoms in the vacuum chamber
To remedy this, the Office of Naval Research (ONR) has presented the Marine corps with a 3-D computer simulation program that measures equipment weight, distribution and effects on body mechanics and individual warfighter performance.
The programalled ETOWL (Enhanced Technologies for Optimization of Warfighter Load) nd its companion software is being delivered to the Gruntworks Marine Expeditionary Rifle Squad
ETOWL calls to mind popular combat-themed video games such as all of Duty. Users can create a Marine avatar,
load it with as much or as little equipment as desired and run it through a virtual obstacle course featuring different warfighting scenarios.
ETOWL measures the stress placed on each avatar joints as well as its balance, flexibility and center of gravity.
For example, the Marine corps can use data from the virtual tests to quickly design real-world prototypes for testing by live Marines.
because it provides a direct benefit to our nation warfighters. he ETOWL program was developed by the Center for Computer aided design at the University of Iowa.
its design software (called the SANTOS human simulation environment) will be made available to the academic community to access free of charge from the center website. his will allow for further research
The combined analysis of data across generations as proposed in Professor Cowling model for selfing crops,
using a 3-D printer, with surface textures that can then be modified at will to be perfectly smooth,
Polymer material produced by a 3-D printer includes soft, flexible material (clear or lighter tone) with particles of hard material (black) embedded, in predetermined arrangements.
Felice Frankelthe process, developed using detailed computer simulations, involves a material that is composed of two different polymers with different degrees of stiffness:
The initial development of the system was done using computer simulations which were validated then by making 3-D-printed versions of several of the designs.
Huang compares this to the development of 3-D printing, saying nce the method is developed,
Study PDF and images: https://cornell. box. com/immuneorganthe synthetic organ is inspired bio by secondary immune organs like the lymph node or spleen.
to study a mouse model of ulcerative colitis. SW033291 healed virtually all the ulcers in the animalscolons
says Cynthia R. Sung, an MIT graduate student in electrical engineering and computer science and one of the robot co-developers. n previous origami robots,
and motors to actuate the body itself. oining Sung on the paper describing the robot are her advisor, Daniela Rus, the Andrew and Erna Viterbi Professor in MIT Department of Electrical engineering and Computer science;
navigate to an intervention site, fold themselves up, and, when they had assigned finished their tasks, dissolve.
However, studying mda neurons and neocortical neurons in isolation does not reveal much data about how these cells actually interact in these conditions.
could we use them to represent 1s and 0s in computer memory? Transistors, which form the basis of today computing,
are tiny devices that stop the flow of electric current (off and on, 1 and 0). But there a limit to how small we can make them,
very low temperatures (below-450 degrees Fahrenheit) with expensive equipment like spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopesot practical for making consumer devices like laptops,
a DOE Office of Science user facility at Argonne, they built a constricted wire out of a three-layered structure in
for context, only 108 mammals are listed in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database. ntil recently,
With advances in DNA sequencing technology and computer processing the process is now efficient and cost-effective enough to be useful in obtaining whole genome sequences of wildlife species, like bighorn sheep.
As a game species, the trophy status of a bighorn sheep ram is based largely on horn size.
Because the rams with the largest horns are often the ones targeted by hunters their removal from a population could then eliminate the genetic ability of animals in that population to grow large horns.
lung and kidney each organ component is about the size of a smartphone screen, and the whole ATHENA odyof interconnected organs will fit neatly on a desk.
A new video available from the Los alamos National Laboratory Youtube channel updates the ATHENA project as it begins to integrate the various organ systems into a single system.
a chemical engineer with joint appointments at Berkeley Lab and UC Berkeley. he recyclable catalysts we developed are capable of converting sugarcane biomass into a new class of aviation fuel and lubricants with superior cold
The process developed at EBI can be used to selectively upgrade alkyl methyl ketones derived from sugarcane biomass into trimer condensates with better than 95-percent yields.
and additives for gasoline as Gokhale explains. ith some minimal modifications to both the catalysts
but hold that there still important incentives to encourage investments. ee shown in this study that biorefineries can use inexpensive catalysts to produce a suite of hydrocarbon fuels and lubricants,
the team devised a computer algorithm to process OCT data and, nearly instantaneously, generate a color-coded map with cancer in red and healthy tissue in green. e envision that the OCT would be aimed at the area being operated on,
and the surgeon could look at a screen to get a continuously updated picture of where the cancer is
Additionally, ORNL houses the only laboratories in the world that have automated this droplet-based surface sampling probe and the requisite software.
A protein nanoparticle called OD-GT8 60mer which already proved to help immunity of mouse models to cope with HIV,
so another lab using genetic engineering created a mouse model to produce antibodies that resemble human antibodies.
Professor David Nemazee evaluated results like that he vaccine appears to work well in our mouse model to rimethe antibody response In another research scientists used the same immunogen in a slightly different mouse model,
For further testing mouse models will have to be developed, which means that collaboration between different disciplines
whose lab was the first to identify neural stem cells more than 20 years ago. e did not see that. n mouse brains,
Alvarez-Buylla and his team traced the development of mouse adult neural stem cells back to their embryonic progenitors.
when the mouse embryo is between 13 and 15 days old, uite early in embryonic brain development, said Alvarez-Buylla,
the scientists found that the mouse adult neural stem cells they studied are derived from embryonic neural stem cells that produce neurons in entirely different parts of the brain. his means that, somehow,
mouse brains have long been accepted as excellent basic research models for the human brain, he said.
In other words, we stay longer at night browsing the internet and alarm clocks wake us up early to go to work or class.
and winter, placing bracelets onto the wrist of each study participant to monitor activity. These bracelets can track slight changes in movement
painless patch could lower blood glucose in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes for up to nine hours.
the researchers inserted a core of solid insulin and enzymes specially designed to sense glucose.
The researchers tested the ability of this approach to control blood sugar levels in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes.
known as 5-formylcytosine (5fc) is stable in living mouse tissues. While its exact function is yet to be determined
the researchers examined levels of 5fc in living adult and embryonic mouse tissues, as well as in mouse embryonic stem cells the body master cells which can become almost any cell type in the body.
They found that 5fc is present in all tissues but is very rare, making it difficult to detect.
and provide backup for renewable energy sources that produce intermittent output, such as wind and solar power. But Chiang says the technology is suited also well to applications where weight
Purdue University Mari Hulman George Professor of Applied Neuroscience and director of Purdue Center for Paralysis Research. his tool allows us to apply drugs as needed directly to the site of injury,
and transported a patch of the nanowire carpet on water droplets that were used used to deliver it to the site of injury.
The nanowire patches adhere to the site of injury through surface tension, Gao said. The magnitude and wave form of the electromagnetic field must be tuned to obtain the optimum release of the drug
Borgens said. y the time the drug diffuses from the site out into the rest of the body it is in amounts that are undetectable in the usual tests to monitor the concentration of drugs in the bloodstream. olypyrrole is an inert and biocompatable material,
Dr Win said. ur data is the first to confirm the finding of a previous international randomised clinical trial that found a protective effect of aspirin on bowel cancer for these high-risk people.
#Electrical engineers Break Power and Distance Barriers for Fiber optic communication Electrical engineers have broken key barriers that limit the distance information can travel in fiber optic cables
This advance has the potential to increase the data transmission rates for the fiber optic cables that serve as the backbone of the internet, cable wireless and landline networks.
The new study presents a solution to a longstanding roadblock to increasing data transmission rates in optical fiber:
which in turn extends how far signals can travel in optical fiber without needing a repeater, said Nikola Alic, a research scientist from the Qualcomm Institute, the corresponding author on the Science paper and a principal of the experimental effort.
These regenerators are effectively supercomputers and must be applied to each channel in the transmission. The electronic regeneration in modern lightwave transmission that carries between 80 to 200 channels also dictates the cost and,
The frequency comb described in this paper ensures that the signal distortions called the rosstalkthat arises between bundled streams of information travelling long distances through the optical fiber are predictable,
In this study, we present a method for leveraging the crosstalk to remove the power barrier for optical fiber
a professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer engineering at UC San diego and the senior author on the Science paper. ur approach conditions the information before it is sent even,
Pitch Perfect Data transmission The UC San diego researchersapproach is akin to a concert master who tunes multiple instruments in an orchestra to the same pitch at the beginning of a concert.
In an optical fiber, information is transmitted through multiple communication channels that operate at different frequencies. The electrical engineers used their frequency comb to synchronize the frequency variations of the different streams of optical information
called the ptical carrierspropagating through an optical fiber. This approach compensates in advance for the crosstalk that occurs between the multiple communication channels within the same optical fiber.
The frequency comb also ensures that the crosstalk between the communication channels is reversible. fter increasing the power of the optical signals we sent by 20 fold,
when it is sent through the optical fiber. With the frequency comb the information can be unscrambled and fully restored at the receiving end of the optical fiber. e are preempting the distortion effects that will happen in the optical fiber,
said Bill Kuo, a research scientist at the Qualcomm Institute, who was responsible for the comb development in the group s
#What your clothes may say about you Moving closer to the possibility of aterials that computeand wearing your computer on your sleeve,
and can perform computations based on changes in the environment or movement, and potentially even respond to human vital signs.
and Steven P. Levitan, Phd, John A. Jurenko Professor of Electrical and Computer engineering, integrated models for self-oscillating polymer gels and piezoelectric micro-electric-mechanical systems to devise a new
reactive material system capable of performing computations without external energy inputs, amplification or computer mediation. Their research, Achieving synchronization with active hybrid materials:
In effect, these different oscillatory patterns form a type of emory allowing the material to be used for computation.
however, the computations would not be general purpose, but rather specific to pattern-matching and recognition,
and respond accordingly, thereby performing the actual computing. eveloping so-called aterials that computeaddresses limitations inherent to the systems currently used by researchers to perform either chemical computing or oscillator-based computing.
Further, oscillator-based computing has not been translated into a potentially wearable material. The hybrid BZ-PZ model,
To this end, they developed a computer simulation as well as tissue-like materials from a porous polymer in
The researchers were delighted also that the theoretical predictions from the computer simulation almost perfectly matched the results of their tests on synthesized porous polymer materials.
Only the amount of expansion was somewhat less in the experiment than in the virtual simulation. his means that wee able to design such materials on the computer
The work will be of interest to those considering graphene elements in flexible touchscreens or memories that store bits by controlling electric dipole moments of carbon atoms
The study was supported by the Department of energy Office of Science and used resources at the Center for Nanophase Materials sciences, a DOE Office of Science User Facility at ORNL.
Perkins explains. his technology excites me because it opens the door to measuring the tiniest protein motions,
Spintronic devices made of inorganic materials are used today for read heads on hard disk drives magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM),
and other applications. But recently there is growing worldwide interest in the use of organic materials,
The data suggest that the MHA monolayer actually etched away much of the oxidized layer from the cobalt,
In a critical finding, the data imply that the SAMS reduced the molecular hybridization between Co and Alq3,
To produce a knockout mouse, researchers must crossbreed animals after one strand of the gene is gone,
Zhang and postdoctoral researcher Yuejun Chen attached brackets to a gene known to separate the midbrain from the forebrain, the site of higher mental functions.
and the data to date have shown very promising results. he first clinical trials took place at the University of Oxford.
and neutralize Marburg virushich inflicts a mortality rate of up to 90 percent. hese antibodies attack a new site on Marburg virus we had seen not before,
scientists are looking for vulnerable sites on the virus surface where an antibody can bind.
Antibodies against one site on Marburg were revealed in a study by Vanderbilt University and TSRI in February 2015,
but complementary antibodies needed against other sites remained to be discovered. In the new study, TSRI researchers designed proteins which elicited new antibodies developed at Emergent biosolutions.
which collaborated with TSRI for molecular analysis. Some of the new antibodies target a new site on Marburg virus not seen before winglike feature attached to the base of the virus. Antibodies against this newly discovered site protected 90 to 100%of infected animal models from lethal infection.
Using LEDS to Move Data Faster It like using fiber optics to communicate only without the fiber.
Imagine connecting to the Internet through the same room lights that brighten your day. A University of Virginia engineering professor and her former graduate student are already there.
Maite Brandt-Pearce, a professor in the Charles L. Brown Department of Electrical and Computer engineering,
and Mohammad Noshad, now a postdoctoral fellow in the Electrical engineering Department at Harvard university, have devised a way of using light waves from light-emitting diode fixtures to carry signals to wireless devices at 300 megabits per second from each light.
It like having a whole wi-fi system all to yourself; using light waves, there would be more network access points than with radio waves,
so less sharing of the wireless network. e developed a modulation algorithm that increases the throughput of data in visible light communications,
Brandt-Pearce said. e can transmit more data without using any additional energy. As more light fixtures get replaced with LED LIGHTS,
you can have different access points to the same network. Their breakthrough means that data can be transmitted faster with light waves using no more energy than is required already to run the lights.
Noshad, 29, from Iran started working with Brandt-Pearce on wireless optical communications in spring 2011
when he joined the electrical engineering department to pursue his Ph d. He received several prizes for his work
The Charlottesville-based firm is developing a prototype for potential investors a desk lamp that provides an Internet connection through light
getting several lights to cooperate to send data to many users in a room, making sure the lighting is good
such as a large LED panel for shopping centers, airports and conference rooms. And we can build LED bulbs for use in the home.
He said it would be a matter of simply adding software to computers to connect them with LED transmitters. his is not a replacement for wi-fi;
and much better access than present wi-fi based on radio waves. The firm, which has been in business since last year, employs about four people and Fraidoon Hovaizi,
and he thinks there may be more DOE funding for it in the near future. he idea in this technology is to transmit the data using the lighting systems that are used already for the illumination of indoor environments,
energy saving solution and can provide a high-speed secure network connection for a large number of users.
Like current wireless communications, encryption is necessary to keep data secure but Brandt-Pearce noted that a secure network could be created in a room with no windows. t can be detected outside the room
And two separate networks in different rooms would not interfere with each other the way they do with present wi-fi networks.
because you are not using radio waves. And because it does not use radio waves, this system can be used in places where radio waves could create problems,
such as in hospitals, in manufacturing facilities and in airplane cabins. Visible light communications has the potential to significantly increase the speed of Internet connection in multiuser indoor environments due to the broad bandwidth of the visible light,
Noshad said. t will offer a huge energy saving for the nation since energy is used already for lighting,
and thus does need not to be expended for communications. Noshad said that some experts have forecast the LED communications market at $6 billion by 2020. here are people working on it in Asia and Europe,
Others include determining how much data can be pushed through an optical fiber and how to design long-haul fiber-optic networks so the data quality stays high
while the data throughput is increased. like that each day is different and that there are different projects to work on,
she said. love my job because I am having fun doing it, and still making a difference in people lives.
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