and the data are exciting, but we will need to move carefully, says Steven Deeks, an HIV/AIDS clinician at the University of California, San francisco (UCSF),
To do that, they employ a special algorithm that calculates the exact interference patterns needed to levitate an object using this ingle-sided emitter.
But with the algorithm help, Drinkwater and his colleagues were able to dictate the bead motion
or danced from side to side. fter we got the algorithm working, we put the bead in
and it just stayed theret was absolutely amazing The algorithm works by constructing the best possible interference patterns,
As the algorithm tunes the phases, the interference pattern and resulting hologram change, enabling researchers to move the bead around.
The algorithm can fashion acoustic holograms of various spatial configurations, but Drinkwater and his team focused on three:
However, these molecules can also cause collateral damage to healthy tissue around the infection site:
or site of damage in the structure of DNA, called 5-chlorocytosine (5clc) in the inflamed tissues of mice infected with the pathogen Helicobacter hepaticus.
the researchers first placed the 5clc lesion at a specific site within the genome of a bacterial virus. They then replicated the virus within the cell.
when triggered by infection, fires hypochlorous acid at the site, damaging cytosines in the DNA of the surrounding healthy tissue.
On a flat lattice, atoms can easily move around from site to site. However, in a tilted lattice, the atoms would have to work against gravity.
Ramos and his colleagues envision deploying HERMES to a disaster site, where the robot would explore the area,
With computer software, the researchers translated the robot center of pressure to the platform motors,
But perhaps more important than just a way to control a robot in the absence of knowing how to do it autonomously is being able to observe and collect data from the robot.
Given hours of data recording the details of human strategies for balance and pose adjustment,
he lab focuses on how to bring computer science to our physical world, how to program our physical world to assemble itself
Moving forward with 4-D printing Another active area of investigation for the lab is-D printing,
and the software firm Autodesk to print customizable smart materials. raditional smart materials are exciting,
After demonstrating the 4-D printing concept, the lab soon found itself pursuing a number of intriguing applications with several companies.
Tibbits posits. ou can actually transform the wing panels on the car so that when they meet moisture they change
acoustic panels are static, but the acoustics in the room are completely dynamic. Your acoustic panels could adapt to the noise levels in the room to help amplify the noise
or help dampen it. Commercializing collaborations Self-Assembly Lab researchers may have certain applications in mind as they develop new concepts such as 4-D printing.
But their first corporate partners may bring quite different ideas Tibbits says: heyl say, an we do it in sportswear?
#Silicon photonics meets the foundry Advances in microprocessors have transferred the computation bottleneck away from CPUS to better communications between components.
(I/O)- intensive applications such as server farms is required the energy consumption to transport bits of data around.
That means these components can directly follow the spectacular successes of the optical fiber systems that run the Internet, cautions Lionel Kimerling,
on the photonics side, is the difference in design paradigms between computing and optics. In computers, Kimerling explains,
engineers design a Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) circuit and can expect it to work.
He notes that IBM is creating such a kit for its semiconductor foundry in Burlington, Vermont.
Into the microprocessor foundryadvances in microprocessor performance increasingly are limited by the ability to feed data into the microprocessor
and the energy cost of getting the data, says Rajeev Ram, professor of electrical engineering at MIT.
His group develops energy-efficient photonics, nd the way we do that is to miniaturize the devices,
and his colleagues are now working to demonstrate full-scale multi-core computing with an entire computer that uses only photons to communicate with memory,
and to show that such a computer should be much more energy-efficient and offer potentially higher performance.
Ram lab aims to overcome major hurdles in integrating optical interconnection for microprocessors within existing manufacturing systems. typical microprocessor fab costs between 1 and 3 billion dollars,
Ram says. Making material progressover time, new materials and devices will provide far more powerful integration of photonics on silicon.
a team of MIT researchers developed a domain-specific programming language for generating custom materials based on a set of design specifications.
The software, dubbed Matriarch for aterials Architecture allows users to combine and rearrange material building blocks in almost any conceivable shape.
The work suggests that engineers will be able to reach the next stage of materials design through fundamental control of a protein final assembled structure. atriarch could very well be the core of a new molecular design process,
Accessible as an open source Python library the program will ultimately be used as a tool for engineers to quickly discover new materials
Jagadeesan, writer of the majority of the software library, explained the code follows the mathematics very closely.
From these configurations, the program creates Protein Data Bank (PDB) files to be passed to molecular dynamics software.
To perform this study with existing software would have been nearly impossible and time-intensive, says the team.
Ultimately, they hope to create an extensible database of structures for engineers to estimate the final configuration that a new material
The self learning database, after running a stream of simulations, will record the protein preferred conformations and store the final structures. ith this program,
Simultaneously, the cost of 3-D printers has fallen sufficiently to make them household consumer items.
Now a team of MIT researchers has opened up a new frontier in 3-D printing:
Like other 3-D printers now on the market, the device can print designs created in a computer-assisted design program,
producing a finished product with little human intervention. In the present version, molten glass is loaded into a hopper in the top of the device after being gathered from a conventional glassblowing kiln.
far higher than the temperatures used for other 3-D printing. The stream of glowing molten glass from the nozzle resembles honey as it coils onto a platform,
Klein says the printing system is an example of multidisciplinary work facilitated by MIT flexible departmental boundaries in this case
an associate professor of electrical engineering and computer science and biological engineering. hese bacteriophages are designed in a way that relatively modular.
the researchers combed through databases of phage genomes looking for sequences that appear to code for the key tail fiber section, known as gp17.
Cpf1 cuts far away from the recognition site, meaning that even if the targeted gene becomes mutated at the cut site,
it can likely still be recut, allowing multiple opportunities for correct editing to occur. Fourth:
The Cpf1 system provides new flexibility in choosing target sites. Like Cas9, the Cpf1 complex must first attach to a short sequence known as a PAM,
As with earlier Cas9 tools, these groups will make this technology freely available for academic research via the Zhang lab page on the plasmid-sharing website Addgene, through
The Zhang lab also offers free online tools and resources for researchers through its website.
and Hollywood A team of researchers at MIT Computer science and Artificial intelligence Lab (CSAIL) has believed long that wireless signals like Wifi can be used to see things that are invisible to the naked eye.
director of the Wireless@MIT center. ou could also imagine it being used to operate your lights and TVS,
The emitted radiation is approximately 1/10,000 the amount given off by a standard cellphone.
he data you get back from these reflections are very minimal, says Katabi. owever, we can extract meaningful signals through a series of algorithms we developed that minimize the random noise produced by the reflections.
The technology operates in two stages: First, it scans 3-D space to capture wireless reflections off objects in the environment,
the device then monitors how these reflections vary as someone moves in the environment and intelligently stitches the person reflections across time to reconstruct his silhouette into a single image.
In August the team presented Emerald to President Obama as part of the White house first annual Demo Day. n the same way that cellphones and Wifi routers have become indispensable parts
#Wifi Calling offers coverage for UK homes, small offices EE on Tuesday announced the launch of Wifi Calling to make calls and texts available in every home and small office in the UK.
The numbers lead EE to believe that Wifi Calling could benefit the country's increasingly mobile workforce.
What's more, the National Association of Estate agents said Wifi Calling can stop house sellers suffering from losing out because of poor mobile coverage.
The EE release went on to promote Wifi Calling as having a potential change on the value of a home.
"Wifi Calling will make a real difference to millions of customers across the UK, from basement flats in London to the most rural homes in the country."
"Swantee told the BBC that"We have worked more than a year to make sure that everything works like a normal phone connection."
"Ringtone, voicemail, and quality of the conversation remains the same with the EE solution. EE is also promoting ease of adoptiono special app is needed for the service
and it is not necessary that friends be in the same closed user group service for talking and messaging.
Wifi Calling from EE uses the phone's normal dialer and contacts book to make calls,
The launch involves the Lumia 640 and Samsung galaxy S6 and S6 Edge. EE said, "More new and existing devices will be added to the Wifi Calling range in the coming weeks,
and by summer 2015 more than five million EE pay monthly customers will have access to Wifi Calling."
"Initially, said the BBC, The Wifi Calling service will be limited to pay monthly subscribers using Samsung's Galaxy S6 and S5 phones and Microsoft's new Lumia 640."
"Since it requires specific mobile data components to be built into the devices, it cannot be extended to other older models,
"said the BBC. John Mccann of Techradar meanwhile, delivered a Tuesday overview of what the feature is and how it works."
"Wi-fi calling allows you to use a Wi-fi network to make and receive phone calls, rather than using the traditional mobile network,
"he wrote. With EE's service,"you may not even notice you're actually using a Wi-fi network rather than the mobile one
-although you do get an icon in the status bar alerting you to the fact."
when using a Wi-fi network to connect to friends. EE is a digital communications company in Britain.
Its mobile and fixed communications services are delivered to consumers, businesses, government and the wholesale market a
#Shifts in electricity generation spur net job growth, but coal jobs decline In the four years following the 2008 recession,
Pratson and research analyst Drew Haerer examined data relating to both direct and indirect job growth and loss for each industry.
Data for solar and wind generator operations and maintenance jobs were provided by the industries themselves. Job changes in the coal
#Singapore Telecom to buy US cybersecurity firm for $810 mn Singapore Telecom (Singtel) said Wednesday it will buy almost all of US cybersecurity firm Trustwave for $810 million,
Southeast asia's biggest telecom firm by revenue said it will acquire a 98 percent equity interest in Trustwave under an agreement it signed with the Chicago-headquartered company.
protect their data and reduce security riskas three million business subscribers served by 1, 200 employees in 26 countries.
and holds substantial stakes in mobile telecom firms in key Asian markets including India, Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand.
'When social media software firm Sprinklr unveiled its latest funding last month, it vaulted into the club of"unicorns,
which makes a business software collaboration tool, entered the group which includes well-known names like Uber
The use of the term"unicorn"began with a blog from investor Aileen Lee of Cowboy Ventures in late 2013,
"You have a frenzy of investors looking for the next Facebook. They saw the possibility of a return of 1,
said in a blog post that both investors and startups are pushing too hard, ignoring traditional standards of risk."
"In a running Twitter conversation on the subject, Danielle Morrill of the research firm Mattermark said"I've narrowed it down to 61 potential dead unicorns.
"Prominent equity investor Marc Andreessen, one of the founders of Netscape during the dot-com era, expressed similar concerns in a series of tweets last year, saying too many startups are"burning
Mark Cuban, an early dot-com entrepreneur, said on his blog that the current situation is"worse than the tech bubble of 2000"because of"angel"investors investing in apps
said that while financial data on these unicorns is limited often, few have demonstrated an ability to grow revenues
"Based on historical data, I wouldn't be surprised if a vast majority of these firms fail to live up to their valuations,
but this produced a Google and an ebay and a number of other standouts.""Peter Barris at the venture firm New Enterprise Associates said investment is flowing
"In a blog post, Barris said he sees unicorns transforming the way we live.""Perhaps there will even be a flameout
Palantir Technologieshich specializes in data analyticsaw its valuation jump to $15 billion in December with its latest funding round.
$12 billion The private space exploration firm founded by tech entrepreneur Elon musk announced in January that it raised $1 billion in a round led by Google and Fidelity Investments.
$11 billion The bulletin board-style social network confirmed in March a fresh investment round at a valuation of $11 billion,
The fast-growing social network founded in 2010 in San francisco has disclosed not the number of its users
but analysts say it has some 47 million in the United states and additional users worldwide.*
Preventing kinase over-activity The'Phosphosense'technology screens compounds for use in drugs and has produced a new way of detecting the activity of enzymes called kinases.
A software program compares both arcs to determine if the leg is the same length it was before the procedure.
The system used automated speech recognition software to produce"rough-draft"transcripts, displayed on a simple interface,
and Time warner Cables well as many users of video-sharing websites. Today, 3play's system works much as it did at MIT,
Customers upload videos to 3play's site, where automatic speech recognition software produces transcripts and captions,
which are pushed then to the cloud. Then, any of the contracted editors can choose which transcripts to edit.
who co-invented the system in MIT's Computer science and Artificial intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL).""The questions we asked were:
and how can we process thousands of files a day to scale up to meet the demands of the Internet?"
"The transcripts created by the system also have time data behind each word. This has paved the way for"interactive transcripts"that accompany video content posted by MIT,
and let users click words to bring them to that exact moment in the video. In addition to Johnson, 3play's cofounders and system co-inventors are Josh Miller MBA'09, Chris Antunes MBA'08,
3play has developed also a number of tools aimed at easing workflow. One tool allows users to switch captioning formats with the click of a button;
another lets users cut -and-paste text from the interactive transcript to create clip reels.
so your average Youtube uploader can learn if captioning is worth the cost. To do so, the company drew on third-party data on thousands of Youtube videos that showed significant increases in viewership with the addition of captions.
When given a video link the calculator crawls the user's channel to tally viewership of noncaptioned videos and, based on that data, estimates the boost in traffic and search-engine optimization,
and how that could all add value with more advertising revenue, among other things.""Everyone wants to know,
Automatic speech recognition technology seemed like the clear solution. But, as it turns out, the technology is only about 80 percent accurate, at best,
tried to grow a Web-based company.""We had'Javascript for Dummies'books on our desks,"Johnson recalls."
"We were figuring it all out on the fly.""At one point, they found a list of every college and university in the country,
"The scientist said the Hur-RNA binding site is like a long, narrow groove, not a well-defined pocket seen in other druggable proteins targeted by many current cancer therapies."
"The Hur protein grabs the'rope'r the RNAT a site called'ARE'on the rope.
and involved the collaboration of chemists, cancer biologists, computer modeling experts, biochemists and biophysicists at KUOTABLY the labs of Xu, Jeffrey Aubé in the Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Jon Tunge in the Department of chemistry.
#Insights into potential substitutes for costly platinum in fuel cell catalysts Replacing inefficient and polluting combustion engines with fuel cells is not currently feasible
because the cells require platinum-based catalysts. The PNNL study shows how to create particles with a similar reactivity to platinum that replace some of the platinum with Earth-abundant metals.
It may be used to create alloy nanomaterials for solar cells, heterogeneous catalysts for a variety of chemical reactions, and energy storage devices."
as well as other tools in DOE's EMSL, a national scientific user facility. While this work focuses on single nanoparticles, the final result is extended an array with implications that stretch from the atomic scale to the mesoscale."
"The researchers are now exploring different metal combinations with various platinum ratios to get the desired characteristics for fuel cell catalysts.
#Probabilistic programming does in 50 lines of code what used to take thousands Most recent advances in artificial intelligenceuch as mobile apps that convert speech to textre the result of machine learning, in
which computers are turned loose on huge data sets to look for patterns. To make machine-learning applications easier to build,
computer scientists have begun developing so-called probabilistic programming languages, which let researchers mix and match machine-learning techniques that have worked well in other contexts.
launched a four-year program to fund probabilistic-programming research. At the Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition conference in June, MIT researchers will demonstrate that on some standard computer-vision tasks,
short programsess than 50 lines longritten in a probabilistic programming language are competitive with conventional systems with thousands of lines of code."
"This is the first time that we're introducing probabilistic programming in the vision area, "says Tejas Kulkarni, an MIT graduate student in brain and cognitive sciences and first author on the new paper."
"The whole hope is to write very flexible models, both generative and discriminative models, as short probabilistic code,
"By the standards of conventional computer programs, those"models"can seem absurdly vague. One of the tasks that the researchers investigate,
It requires a little work to translate that description into the syntax of the probabilistic programming language,
and Pushmeet Kohli of Microsoft Research Cambridge. For their experiments, they created a probabilistic programming language they call Picture,
which is an extension of Julia, another language developed at MIT. What's old is new The new work,
Even though their computers were painfully slow by today's standards, the artificial intelligence pioneers saw that graphics programs would soon be able to synthesize realistic images by calculating the way in
Calculating the color value of the pixels in a single frame of"Toy story"is a huge computation,
what probabilistic programming languages are designed to do. Kulkarni and his colleagues considered four different problems in computer vision,
each of which involves inferring the three-dimensional shape of an object from 2-D information. On some tasks, their simple programs actually outperformed prior systems.
Learning to learn In a probabilistic programming language the heavy lifting is done by the inference algorithmhe algorithm that continuously readjusts probabilities on the basis of new pieces of training data.
In that respect, Kulkarni and his colleagues had the advantage of decades of machine-learning research. Built into Picture are several different inference algorithms that have fared well on computer-vision tasks.
Time permitting, it can try all of them out on any given problem, to see which works best.
so that its inference algorithms can themselves benefit from machine learning, modifying themselves as they go to emphasize strategies that seem to lead to good results."
but probabilistic programming may alleviate rewriting code across different problems, "he says.""The code can be generic
""Picture provides a general framework that aims to solve nearly all tasks in computer vision,
"says Jianxiong Xiao, an assistant professor of computer science at Princeton university, who was involved not in the work."
"It goes beyond image classificationhe most popular task in computer visionnd tries to answer one of the most fundamental questions in computer vision:
the progress in micro fabrication technology has revolutionized the world in such fields as computing, signal processing,
For the past several years, Masoud Agah, an associate professor In virginia Tech's Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer engineering
reduced analysis times using temperature and flow programming, as well as fast detection response times suitable for high-speed gas chromatography."
and are enabling new technologies like flexible displays in mobile phone, wearable electronics, and the Internet of things (Iots).
#Shape changing display could spell the end for the 2d graph Imagine your computer screen could change shape.
Imagine if that screen could spring to life at the touch of a fingertip, translating numbers and trends into shapes
Researchers have developed a 3d prototype display which brings data to life in just this way sounding the death knell for the two dimensional bar chart.
Human computer interaction specialists at Lancaster University have built a device which translates data into a three dimensional display.
The interactive grid of 100 moving columns enables people to understand and interpret data at a glance.
People can also physically interact with data points by touching selecting and swiping through them to hide,
filter and compare sets of data easily. The 3d display is radically different to interacting with data on a flat screen.
A month's sales figures for example spring to life and take on a'shape'in front of you,
numbers become'things, 'trends become gradients which you can reach out and touch. Lancaster hosts a world-leading Human computer interaction research lab, developing the kind of shape changing displays
which could one day make it into our homes, offices and perhaps even our mobile phones. The group, led by Dr Jason Alexander
will present some of their work to one of the world's leading human computer interaction conferences CHI 2015 in April.
Dr Alexander believes this type of technology, which enables people to quickly identify patterns and absorb large amounts of information,
But for these shape-changing displays to be effective, researchers and developers first need to understand how people interact with them.
This tactile platform allows us to use those inherent skills to examine datasets normally confined to flat 2d displays."
"Our challenge was to produce a design that allows users to quickly comprehend large datasets
and in public areas to quickly and meaningfully convey data-driven information. He said:""What would it be like
if every pixel on your screen could move? Imagine the possibilities. Our lab works to develop new devices that merge the physical and digital worlds
or underperforming panels is very lowust 0. 1%per year according to new data of 50,000 systems analyzed by the Energy department's National Renewable energy Laboratory (NREL).
whether the panels are to be mounted directly on a roof or on open racks. Quality management of the manufacturing process.
Rigorous quality management will help assure that panels manufactured on one day of the month will be the same quality as those manufactured on any other day of the month.
Data on 50,000 systems reveal they stand up to hurricanes, hail Kurtz and NREL's Dirk Jordan have analyzed data from 50,000 solar energy systems installed between 2009 and 2013 and discovered that just 0. 1%of all PV systems reported being affected by damaged or underperforming modules per year,
and less than 1%each year had hardware problems. Inverter failures and fuse failures were reported more commonly than panel failure.
Despite hurricanes hail, shading, vandalism, and hookup delays, approximately 85%of all systems each year produced 90%or more of the electricity predicted,
and the typical system produces more electricity than predicted. Year to year comparisons suggest that the degradation ratehe gradual loss of energy productions in the historical range of 0. 5%%per year.
but there is very little data on how many of them are living with Cryptosporidium infections. This stems from the difficulties of diagnosing an infection in the field-poor sensitivity and a short window of spore secretion both limit the viability of acid-fast staining,
The microfluidic chip was designed by Autocad software and manufactured from a widely used silicon-based organic polymer known as PDMS.
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