The Hybrid Photonic Mode-Synthesizing Atomic Force Microscope is unique, according to principal investigator Ali Passian of ORNL's Quantum Information system group.
Computer-assisted technology developed especially for this purpose combines the advantages of both methods and suppresses unwanted noise.
while a first pulse excites the sample under study, a second pulse monitors the change in the sample.
"We have developed software with a special demodulation technology with which--in addition to the outstanding resolution of near-field optical microscopy that is at least three orders of magnitude better than the resolution of common ultra-fast spectroscopy--we can now also measure dynamic changes in the sample with high sensitivity,
the material most commonly found in today's computer chips. But to exploit graphene's remarkable electronic properties in semiconductor applications where current must be switched on and off
and tapping on our keyboards release energy that largely dissipates, unused. Several years ago, scientists figured out how to capture some of that energy
#New optical chip lights up the race for quantum computer The microprocessor inside a computer is a single multipurpose chip that has revolutionised people's life,
allowing them to use one machine to surf the web, check emails and keep track of finances.
Now, researchers from the University of Bristol in the UK and Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) in Japan, have pulled off the same feat for light in the quantum world by developing an optical chip that can process photons in an infinite number
of ways. It's a major step forward in creating a quantum computer to solve problems such as designing new drugs
superfast database searches, and performing otherwise intractable mathematics that aren't possible for super computers.
The fully reprogrammable chip brings together a multitude of existing quantum experiments and can realise a plethora of future protocols that have not even been conceived yet, marking a new era of research for quantum scientists and engineers at the cutting edge of quantum technologies.
much like they operate any other piece of software on a computer. They no longer need to convince a physicist to devote many months of their life to painstakingly build
because the world's leading quantum photonics group teamed up with Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT), the world's leading telecommunications company.
and engineering expertise in the telecommunications industry. It's a model that we need to encourage
"The University of Bristol's pioneering'Quantum in the Cloud'is the first and only service to make a quantum processor publicly accessible
high-performance electronics and new 3-D printing technologies,"says Benjamin J. Leever, Ph d, . who is at the Air force Research Laboratory at Wright-Patterson Air force base."
The researchers also are developing the same approach to monitor pilots'health. This involves a biosensor system that can measure heartbeat,
Another key advance is the use of active, inexpensive catalysts for fuel production. The photoanode requires a catalyst to drive the essential water-splitting reaction.
Rare and expensive metals such as platinum can serve as effective catalysts, but in its work the team discovered that it could create a much cheaper,
This catalyst is among the most active known catalysts for splitting water molecules into oxygen
which is used to build magnetic hard discs in computers. They created holes, or antidots, in thin films of manganite.
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someday not too far off, let you roll up your computer like a piece of paper. But the basic science of how to get electrons to move quickly
such as ejector pins for iphones, watch springs for expensive hand-wound watches, trial medical implants,
and release their drug payloads specifically to these sites in the body. Enclosed within the platelet membranes are made nanoparticle cores of a biodegradable polymer that can be metabolized safely by the body.
The nanoparticles can be packed with many small drug molecules that diffuse out of the polymer core and through the platelet membrane onto their targets.
To make the platelet-membrane-coated nanoparticles, engineers first separated platelets from whole blood samples using a centrifuge.
the platelet membranes were broken up into much smaller pieces and fused to the surface of nanoparticle cores.
Researchers observed that the docetaxel-containing nanoparticles selectively collected onto the damaged sites of arteries
a computer then reconstructs the path those photons must have taken, which generates an image of the target material--all without the lens that's required in conventional microscopy."
"The computer does the imaging part--forget about the lens, "explained Michael Zürch, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany and lead researcher."
"The computer emulates the lens.""Without a lens, the quality of the images primarily depends on the radiation source.
This is a crucial step in creating a new generation of foldable electronics-think a flat-screen television that can be rolled up for easy portability-and implantable medical devices.
The researchers used mouse embryonic fibroblast cells to determine biocompatibility; that, along with the fact that the stretchability of gold nanomesh on a slippery substrate resembles the bioenvironment of tissue
which are preferred also sites for large solar arrays. They believe they can scale things up so commercial and industrial applications are feasible
One of the most critical biological and medical tools available today, it lies at the core of genome analysis. Reading the exact make-up of genes,
#Pioneering research develops new way to capture light--for the computers of tomorrow Pioneering research by an international team of scientists,
has developed techniques that will allow the first memory chip that can capture light. The key breakthrough will allow large quantities of data to be stored directly on an integrated optical chip,
rather than being processed and stored electronically, as happens today. Light is suited ideally to ultra-fast high-bandwidth data transfer,
and optical communications form an indispensable part of the IT world of today and tomorrow. However
a stumbling block so far has been the storage of large quantities of data directly on integrated chips in the optical domain.
While optical fibre cables-and with them, data transfer by means of light-have long since become part of our everyday life,
data on a computer are processed still and stored electronically. The team of scientists from Germany and England have made a key breakthrough by capturing light on an integrated chip,
so developing the first permanent, all-optical on-chip memory. The research is published in leading scientific journal, Nature Photonics.
Our technology might also eventually be used to reproduce in computers the neural-type processing that is carried out by the human brain."
"The all-optical memory devices we have developed provide opportunities that go far beyond any of the approaches to optical data processing available today.""
"and our approach can define a new speed limit for future processors, by delivering extremely fast on-chip optical data storage"In addition,
he says, "the written state is preserved when the power is removed, unlike most current on-chip memories".
"If we can use SPRNT to screen for drugs that specifically disrupt the functioning of these proteins,
and charge to some part of another molecule--such as the binding site of a human protein involved in some physiological process that goes awry in a given disease.
potentially outperforming traditional monitoring tools such as cardiac event monitors. The researchers published a paper on their patent-pending process in Advanced Materials on Sept. 23.
which is similar in scope to 3-D printing but different in that material is removed instead of added.
"We are trying to add more types of sensors including blood pressure and oxygen saturation monitors to the low-cost patch."
the researchers used a computer to simulate the effect of heat on the individual lithium atoms that comprise a dendrite,
They are expected also to be used for precise color matching in light-emitting devices and displays,
These attributes should lead to new LEDS and display devices not only with precisely matched colors--better color accuracy and brightness--but also with improved performance lifetime and improved ease of manufacturing."
"QDS are already in use in display devices (e g. Amazon Kindle and a new Samsung TV
#Graphene teams up with two-dimensional crystals for faster data communications Ultra-fast detection of light lies at the heart of optical communication systems nowadays.
such as high-speed integrated communication systems s
#Superconductivity trained to promote magnetization: Russian scientist and her colleagues discovered the superconductivity effect, which will help to create future supercomputers Superconductivity,
which is almost incompatible with magneticfield, under certain conditions is able to promote magnetization. Russian scientist Natalya Pugach from the Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear physics at the Lomonosov Moscow State university discovered this yet to be explained effect with her British colleagues,
They suggest that techniques based on this effect are able to move us closer to future supercomputers:
that this technology will allow to create much more economical and stable computing machines and supercomputers,
According to Natalya Pugach, superconductive spintronics technologies may help to build supercomputers and powerful servers, whose energy consumption and heat emission create much more problems than in case of ordinary desktop computers."
"Development of computer technologies was based on semiconductors. They are good for personal computers, but when you use these semiconductors to build supercomputers,
they produce heat and noise, demand powerful cooling systems. Spintronics allows to solve all these problems,
"--Natalya Pugach concludes s
#Discovery about new battery overturns decades of false assumptions Abstract: New findings at Oregon State university have overturned a scientific dogma that stood for decades,
ranging from cell phones to laptop computers and electric cars. But there may soon be a new type of battery based on materials that are far more abundant and less costly.
"Electrical energy storage in batteries is essential not only for consumer products such as cell phones and computers,
but also in transportation industry power backup, micro grid storage, and for the wider use of renewable energy. OSU officials say they are seeking support for further research
#Single atom alloy platinum-copper catalysts cut costs, boost green technology: New generation of catalysts demonstrated for selective hydrogenation of butadiene Abstract:
A new generation of platinum-copper catalysts that require very low concentrations of platinum in the form of individual atoms to cleanly
and cheaply perform important chemical reactions is reported today by Tufts University researchers in the journal Nature Communications.
They synthesized small quantities of realistic catalysts, such as platinum-copper single atom alloy nanoparticles supported on an alumina substrate,
"To our delight, these catalysts worked very well and their performance was steady for many days,
and value-added chemicals from bio-renewable feedstocks, the new, less expensive platinum-copper catalysts could facilitate broader adoption of such environmentally friendly devices and processes,
In the early 2000s, Maria's group had pioneered the single-atom approach for metals anchored on oxide supports as the exclusive active sites for the water-gas shift reaction to upgrade hydrogen streams for fuel cell use.
Together we embarked on a new direction involving single atom alloys as catalysts for selective hydrogenation reactions.
"Sykes and Flytzani-Stephanopoulos have used this approach to design a variety of single atom alloy catalysts that have,
Armed with this knowledge, we are now ready to compare the stability of these single atom alloy catalysts to single atom catalysts supported on various oxide or carbon surfaces.
The experimental data can be described accurately by Maxwell-Garnett effective media theory, which can provide a guide for index design.
and the Ruhr Universität Bochum (RUB) have developed a new way to store information that uses ions to save data
and electrons to read data. This could enable the size of storage cells to be reduced to atomic dimensions.
Modern computers use this principle in practically Every bit (unit of measurement for the digital information content) and the almost unbelievable increase in performance over the last decade was based on a very simple rule:
faster processors and more storage space. Standard memory devices are based on electrons which are displaced by applying voltage.
The development of ever smaller and more energy-efficient storage devices according to this principle, however, is increasingly approaching its limits:
because there is not just one storage device in our computers, but several optimised ones, depending on the task."
"Moving data between individual storage devices has begun now to take a not inconsiderable amount of time. Put simply:
That is why industrial companies and research institutes around the world are working on a more efficient, universal storage device that combines the advantages of all storage devices and moves as little data as possible back and forth.
This way, ions can be used specifically for storing and electrons specifically for reading data. The researchers also reported that their research had another very interesting element.
Rapid pattern recognition and a low energy consumption in connection with enormous parallel data processing would enable revolutionary computer architectures."
For the last 20 years, scientists have been attempting to create quantum systems that will outperform traditional semiconductor-based computers, the development potential
The main problem preventing the development of these computers is the high sensitivity of the nanoworld to external influences that destroy quantum states.
or blood serum along with an array of electronics to transmit the results in real time to a tablet via Bluetooth,
including computer chips and other optoelectronic components.""Our results demonstrate relatively fast modulation from fundamentally slow phosphorescent light emitters,
an important phosphor that is widely used in fiber-optic telecommunication networks. He combined that with a material called vanadium dioxide (VO2.
One example could be optical communications networks on computer chips. Prototype on-chip networks have used semiconductor lasers as light emitters.
or blood serum along with an array of electronics to transmit the results in real time to a tablet via Bluetooth,
which holds the promise of solving problems a lot more efficiently than a classical computer. Physicists are now able to realize the basic building blocks,
and use them for simple computations. For practical application, a particular class of quantum computers, the so-called adiabatic quantum computer, has generated recently a lot of interest among researchers and industry.
It is designed to solve real-world optimization problems conventional computers are not able to tackle. All current approaches for adiabatic quantum computation face the same challenge:
The problem is encoded in the interaction between qubits; to encode a generic problem, an all-to-all connectivity is necessary,
"The programming language of these systems is the individual interaction between each physical qubit. The possible input is determined by the hardware.
This means that all these approaches face a fundamental challenge when trying to build a fully programmable quantum computer,
not only avoiding the limitations posed by the hardware but we also make the technological implementation scalable."
"Integrated fault tolerance Because of the increased number of degrees of freedom, which could also lead to nonphysical solutions,
"With this redundancy our model has also a high fault tolerance, "says Lechner. The new architecture can be realized on various platforms ranging from superconducting circuits to ultracold gases in optical lattices."
"The step from mechanical calculators to fully programmable computers started the information technology age 80 years ago.
Long says that it should be possible to design MOF adsorbents of methane with even stronger gas binding sites and higher energy phase transitions for next generation ANG vehicles.
As a consequence, photons address the data transmission problem better than electrons. This property can primarily be used for in computing where IPS (instructions per second) is the main attribute to be maximized.
The typical scale of eletronic transistors--the basis of contemporary electronic devices--is less than 100 nanometers
Switching speeds that fast will allow to create data transmission and processing devices that will work at tens and hundreds terabits per second.
This can make possible downloading thousands of HD-movies in less than a second. The operation of the all-optical switch created by MSU researchers is based on the interaction between two femtosecond pulses.
and a simple design, Accion can batch-manufacture modules much like computer chips in quantities of around 200 at once.
This new material-of-many-colors offers intriguing possibilities for an entirely new class of display technologies, color-shifting camouflage,
and beetles to create a particularly iridescent display of color. Controlling light with structures rather than traditional optics is not new.
"For consumers, this chameleon material could be used in a new class of display technologies, adding brilliant color presentations to outdoor entertainment venues.
With his new technology, Burke aims to change that. he vision is that anybody could go to a website,
instruct their assembly through the web, and the small molecules would get synthesized and shipped,
#Nanotechnology may double radio frequency data capacity A team of Columbia Engineering researchers has invented a technology--full-duplex radio integrated circuits (ICS)--that can be implemented in nanoscale CMOS to enable simultaneous transmission and reception
networks can effectively double the frequency spectrum resources available for devices like smartphones and tablets."
and it is clear that today's wireless networks will not be able to support tomorrow's data deluge.
Today's standards, such as 4G LTE, already support 40 different frequency bands, and there is no space left at radio frequencies for future expansion.
At the same time, the grand challenge of the next-generation 5g network is to increase the data capacity by 1, 000 times.
So the ability to have a transmitter and receiver reuse the same frequency has the potential to immediately double the data capacity of today's networks.
Krishnaswamy notes that other research groups and startup companies have demonstrated the theoretical feasibility of simultaneous transmission and reception at the same frequency,
and bring this functionality to handheld devices such as cellular handsets, mobile devices such as tablets for Wifi,
and in cellular and Wifi base stations to support full duplex communications.""The biggest challenge the team faced with full duplex was canceling the transmitter's echo.
The tip also provides data on the amount of force necessary to break the additive down into a film that protects the surfaces.
#Silicon photonics takes the next step toward a high-bandwidth future The computing and telecommunications industries have ambitious plans for the future:
Systems that will store information in the cloud, analyze enormous amounts of data, and think more like a brain than a standard computer.
Such systems are already being developed, and scientists at IBM Research have demonstrated now what may be an important step toward commercializing this next generation of computing technology.
They established a method to integrate silicon photonic chips with the processor in the same package,
avoiding the need for transceiver assemblies. The new technique, which will be presented 25 march at this year's OFC Conference and Exposition in Los angeles, California,
USA, should lower the cost and increase the performance, energy efficiency and size of future data centers, supercomputers and cloud systems.
Photonic devices, which use photons instead of electrons to transport and manipulate information, offer many advantages compared to traditional electronic links found in today computers.
Optical links can transmit more information over larger distances and are more energy efficient than copper-based links.
To optimally benefit from this technology, a tight integration of the electrical logic and optical transmission functions is required.
"IBM has been a pioneer in the area of CMOS integrated silicon photonics for more than 12 years,
"said Bert Offrein, manager of the photonics group at IBM Research-Zurich.""In addition to the silicon technology advancements at the chip-level, novel system-level integration concepts are required also to fully profit from the new capabilities silicon photonics will bring,
resulting in a large distance between the processor chip and the optical components. Offrein and his IBM colleagues from Europe
the United states and Japan instead proposed an integration scheme in which the silicon photonic chips are treated similarly to ordinary silicon processor chips
and are attached directly to the processor package without preassembling them into standard transceiver housings. This improves the performance
and power efficiency of the optical interconnects while reducing the cost of assembly. Challenges arise because alignment tolerances in photonics are critical (sub-micron range)
By strapping tiny computers and wireless radios onto the backs of giant flower beetles and recording neuromuscular data as the bugs flew untethered,
scientists determined that a muscle known for controlling the folding of wings was also critical to steering.
fundamental questions for the larger scientific community,"said Michel Maharbiz, an associate professor in UC Berkeley's Department of Electrical engineering and Computer sciences and the study's principal investigator."
The beetle backpack is made up of a tiny, off-the-shelf microcontroller and a built-in wireless receiver and transmitter.
The single stranded-dna DNA on the nanoparticle core can be positioned ideally and oriented to specifically and fully interact with the targeted toll-like receptors.
#Revolutionary 3-D printing technology uses continuous liquid interface production (w/video) A 3d printing technology developed by Silicon valley startup,
For example, the hydrogel can be designed to remain at the injury site for specific durations by controlling the interactions between the nanosilicates and gelatin,
In addition to its ability to be injected at the site of an injury, the material achieves three-to-four times higher stiffness once inside the body,
vascularized scaffolds that employ the material and could be inserted surgically at the site of more serious injuries where injection is not an option.
would allow the injury site to receive blood flow as part of the enhanced healing process initiated by the nanoparticles.
and use it to light up a small LCD display. American Chemical Society) Sang-Woo Kim
and signal processing applications and is well known to limit the capacity of optical fiber communications networks. While we want to avoid this disruption this effect has also some unique properties
computing and information processing applications, said CUDOS director and co-author Ben Eggleton. I am delighted our CUDOS team at the University of Sydney
#Putting batteries on stage spotlights performance at the nanoscale Used in everything from electric vehicles to laptop computers,
Using these images and standard electrochemical data, scientists can quantify, at the nanoscale, the amount of lithium that ends up irreversibly deposited after each charge/discharge cycle.
Currently, colors on computer and iphone screens come from dye materials pre-placed on the pixels.
The new technology may hold promise for many applications such as for jewelry, automotive interior trim, aviation, signage, colored keypads, electronics and wearable displays s
scientists from the Helmholtz Zentrum Mnchen (HMGU) and the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitt (LMU) in Munich have developed nanocarriers that site-selectively release medicines/drugs at the tumor site in human and mouse lungs.
In the journal, ACS Nano("Protease-Mediated Release of Chemotherapeutics from Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles to ex Vivo Human and Mouse Lung Tumors"),the scientists reported that this approach led to a significant increase
For example, nanoparticles can be engineered to be able to transport medicines specifically to the disease site while not interfering with healthy body parts.
and verify the clinical efficacy in an advanced lung tumour mouse model l
#Artificial hand able to respond sensitively thanks to muscles made from smart metal wires Engineers at Saarland University have taken a leaf out of natures book by equipping an artificial hand with muscles made from shape-memory wire.
The controller unit is able to interpret electric resistance measurement data so that it knows the exact position of the wires at any one time,
#Switchable adhesion principle enables damage-free handling of sensitive devices even in vacuum Components with highly sensitive surfaces are used in automotive, semiconductor and display technologies as well as for complex optical lens systems.
a DOE Office of Science User Facility at ORNL. There, aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) imaging, led by Raymond Unocic,
"said Koray Aydin, assistant professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University's Mccormick School of engineering.""So the amount of material that is available for light emission or light absorption is limited very.
In principle, they are miniaturized extremely electron storage units. qdots can be produced using the same techniques as normal computer chips.
it is only necessary to miniaturize the structures on the chips until they hold just one single electron (in a conventional PC it is 10 to 100 electrons.
This decay produces a small flash of light: a photon. Photons are wave packets that vibrate in a specific plane the direction of polarization.
The fiberoptic networks used in telecommunications operate very similarly. To make the transfer of information as efficient as possible,
In the long term, researchers around the world are hoping for true marvels from this new type of computer:
such as the factoring of large numbers, should be child's play for such a computer. In contrast, conventional computers find this a really tough nut to crack.
However, a quantum computer displays its talents only for such special tasks: For normal types of basic computations, it is pitifully slow w
#High-tech method allows rapid imaging of functions in living brain Researchers studying cancer and other invasive diseases rely on high-resolution imaging to see tumors and other activity deep within the body's tissues.
Using a new high-speed, high-resolution imaging method, Lihong Wang, Phd, and his team at Washington University in St louis were able to see blood flow, blood oxygenation, oxygen metabolism and other functions inside a living mouse brain at faster rates than ever before.
Using photoacoustic microscopy (PAM), a single wavelength, pulse-width-based technique developed in his lab, Wang,
The results are published March 30 in Nature Methods advanced online publication("High-speed label-free functional photoacoustic microscopy of mouse brain in action".
TPM and wide-field optical microscopy, have provided information about the structure, blood oxygenation and flow dynamics of the mouse brain.
which allowed them to get high-resolution, high-speed images of a living mouse brain through an intact skull.
"In addition, we were able to map the mouse brain oxygenation vessel by vessel using this method.""
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