and evaluated the penetration capability by using mouse brains in vitro/in vivo. In addition, as an actual needle application, we demonstrated fluorescenctce particle depth injection into the brain in vivo,
The scientists experimented with silicon structures used in computer chips that power computers, tablets and mobile phones,
#Scientists make tantalum oxide practical for high-density devices Scientists at Rice university have created a solid-state memory technology that allows for high-density storage with a minimum incidence of computer errors.
"But this is a new way to make ultradense, nonvolatile computer memory, "Tour said. Nonvolatile memories hold their data even
unlike volatile random-access computer memories that lose their contents when the machine is shut down.
This will be a real competitor for the growing memory demands in high-definition video storage and server arrays."
San diego defines the core set of genes and functions that a bacterial cell needs to sustain life.
2015("Systems biology definition of the core proteome of metabolism and expression is consistent with high-throughput data".
"This core set of genes is"the smallest common denominator that microbes need to have to become functional,
which can end up toying with the cell's core genes and functions, resulting in a"sick"cell.
Rather than risk compromising the cell's core genes and functions, a new engineering approach could involve building the cell starting with the core set
and adding on the extra desired functions, like chemical production. The PNAS paper presents the minimum core components that are absolutely necessary to include in the blueprints of an engineered cell."
"By defining the vital set of genes and functions that need to always be present in a cell to sustain life,
Defining the core set of genes and functions for cellular life In this study the researchers defined the core set of genes
and functions as the"paleome,"referring to the ancestral genes and proteins that are at the heart of sustaining life for microbial cells."
"Our paleome definition is representative of core function not only in the well-studied strain of E coli,
rather than just relying on traditional chemical screens, says Hubbard, an assistant professor of pharmacology in the University of Albertas Faculty of medicine & Dentistry.
Much like how a computer programmer edits computer code, scientists could one day replace a persons broken
With computer software, the researchers translated the robots center of pressure to the platforms motors,
#New optical chip lights up the race for quantum computer The microprocessor inside a computer is a single multipurpose chip that has revolutionised people's life,
and performing otherwise intractable mathematics that aren't possible for super computers. The fully reprogrammable chip brings together a multitude of existing quantum experiments
much like they operate any other piece of software on a computer. They no longer need to convince a physicist to devote many months of their life to painstakingly build
"The University of Bristol's pioneering'Quantum in the Cloud'is the first and only service to make a quantum processor publicly accessible
#A new material for transparent electronics he performance of solar cells, flat panel displays, and other electronics are limited by today's materials.
The development of high-performance transparent conducting oxides (TCOS) is critical to many technologies ranging from flat panel displays to solar cells.
and their small footprint offers large storage capacity all these attributes make them well suited to new data storage applications or high-resolution displays.
or in displays with resolutions that have thus far been hard to attain.""This makes possible displays along the lines of the Kindle reader with a pixel size that is thousand times smaller and a much faster response time,
"the scientist explains s
#New research could help build computers from DNA Scientists have found a way to'switch'the structure of DNA using copper salts
and EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid)- an agent commonly found in shampoo and other household products. It was known previously that the structure of a piece of DNA could be changed using acid,
and in DNA-based computing-where computers are built from DNA rather than silicon. It could also be used for detecting the presence of copper cations,
Logic gates are an elementary building block of digital circuits-used in computers and other electronic equipment. They are made traditionally using diodes or transistors
#New technique lowers cost of energy-efficient embedded computer systems (Nanowerk News) Electrical and computer engineers at North carolina State university have developed a new technique for creating less-expensive,
low-power embedded systems-the computing devices found in everything from thermostats to automobiles.""Using our techniques,
we've been able to create prototype systems with power converters that have a combination of energy efficiency
An embedded system with common peripherals. To understand the new technique, you have to know a little about embedded systems.
For one thing, they require a power source. And to maximize energy efficiency the system should be designed to operate using the best voltage possible.
One part consists of"power stage"hardware that controls the storage and flow of power.
"which allows the converter to respond to changes in the embedded system's demand for power
The controller can be designed a specifically circuit or a separate processor which runs special control software.
Having a dynamic responsive power converter is also important because it allows the embedded system to be more energy efficient;
the system can go to sleep, then operate quickly, then shut back down -and the power converter can adjust the flow of power accordingly."
and incorporated the power converter software into the embedded system processor. These methods guarantee that the other software on the embedded system's processor will not disturb the power converter's correct operation,
"Dean explains.""This eliminates the need for a separate processor or controller circuit on the power converter itself,
which in turn makes the overall system less expensive.""It also makes the embedded system smaller, lighter and more flexible."
"Because the embedded system software and power converter software are using a shared processor on a single chip,
it gives developers more coordinated control over both the system's functions and related demands those functions may make on the power converter,
"The paper,"Using Real-time System Design Methods to Integrate SMPS Control Software with Application Software"(pdf),
#Turning clothing into information displays Researchers from Holst Centre (set up by TNO and imec), imec and CMST,
imec associated lab at Ghent University, have demonstrated the world first stretchable and conformable thin-film transistor (TFT) driven LED display laminated into textiles.
This paves the way to wearable displays in clothing providing users with feedback. Wearable devices such as healthcare monitors and activity trackers are now a part of everyday life for many people.
Today wearables are separate devices that users must remember to wear. The next step forward will be to integrate these devices into our clothing.
A key step towards realizing wearable devices in clothing is creating displays that can be integrated into textiles to allow interaction with the wearer. earable devices allow people to monitor their fitness
The conformable display is very thin and mechanically stretchable. A fine-grain version of the proven meander interconnect technology was developed by the CMST lab at Ghent University
and Holst Centre to link standard (rigid) LEDS into a flexible and stretchable display. The LED displays are fabricated on a polyimide substrate
and encapsulated in rubber, allowing the displays to be laminated in to textiles that can be washed.
Importantly, the technology uses fabrication steps that are known to the manufacturing industry enabling rapid industrialization.
Following an initial demonstration at the Society for Information Display Display Week in San jose, USA earlier this year, Holst Centre has presented the next generation of the display at the International Meeting on Information Display
These second-generation displays offer higher pitch and increased, average brightness. The presentation will feature a 32x32 pixel demonstrator with a resolution of 13 pixels per inch (ppi) and average brightness above 200 candelas per square meter (cd/m2.
"could lead to ultracompact optical systems such as advanced microscopes, displays, sensors, and cameras that can be mass-produced using the same photolithography techniques used to manufacture computer microchips."
"Currently, optical systems are made one component at a time, and the components are assembled often manually, "says Andrei Faraon (BS'04), an assistant professor of applied physics and materials science,
Manipulating the polarization of light is essential for the operation of advanced microscopes, cameras, and displays;
We replaced the molecular dyes in previous LSC systems with core/shell nanoparticles composed of cadmium selenide (Cdse) cores
As well as offering new opportunities for industry, it will stimulate the search for even better basic catalysts
Catalysts come in multiple forms including: acids, solid metal nanoparticles, and large protein molecules or enzymes in human bodies.
Ninety percent of industrially important chemicals are made using catalysts. It is a major field in applied science;
and Xin decided to use existing data to train computer algorithms to make predictions of new materials,
an extremely useful chemical in industry for making plastics. his study opens a new way for designing metal-based catalysts with complexities, for example, geometry and composition, promoters and poisons, defects,
the lab assembled three-dimensional computer models of illared graphene nanostructures, akin to the boron nitride structures modeled in a previous study to analyze heat transfer between layers. his time we were interested in a comprehensive understanding of the elastic and inelastic properties
#Inexpensive new carbon-based catalysts can be tuned fine Researchers at MIT and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory have developed a new type of catalyst that can be tuned to promote desired chemical reactions,
Catalysts enhance the rate of a chemical reaction but are consumed not in the process. As a result, the repeated action of very small amounts of a catalyst can have large and long-lasting effects.
By finding a way to make this material tunable in the same ways as molecular catalysts
In addition to their possible uses in fuel cells, such new catalysts could also be useful for enhancing chemical reactions,
and metamaterials offers tantalizing future prospects for technologies such as high resolution optical microscopes and superfast optical computers.
invisibility cloaks could prove useful for 3d displays s
#Physicists discover spiral vortex patterns from electron waves In their new study("Electron Vortices in Photoionization by Circularly Polarized Attosecond Pulses),
and printer right at the hospital to create custom nerve guides right on site to restore nerve function."
During the last decades these computers have become more and more powerful by integrating ever smaller components on silicon chips.
This is very difficult for a regular computer, while humans and possibly also our circuits can do this much better."
#New frontiers in 3d printing Three dimensional printing is revolutionizing the production of new devices and structures, including soft robots,
for the first time, allow for the simultaneous control of composition and geometry during printing. Lewis is a Core Faculty member at the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard university and the Hansjörg Wyss Professor of Biologically Inspired Engineering at the Harvard John A. Paulson School of engineering and Applied sciences (SEAS.
The goal of integrating different material and structural properties within printed objects has demanded the invention of new, flexible printing platforms.
For example, to print a functional"wearable device including its electronic components, a 3d printer would need to seamlessly transition from the flexible material that moves with the wearer joints to the rigid material that holds the electronic components.
This is a crucial step in creating a new generation of foldable electronics-think a flat-screen television that can be rolled up for easy portability-and implantable medical devices.
The researchers used mouse embryonic fibroblast cells to determine biocompatibility; that, along with the fact that the stretchability of gold nanomesh on a slippery substrate resembles the bioenvironment of tissue
and re-scan it repeating the process until the desired spatial resolution is achieved before combining the data from each scan using a computer algorithm.
This is an important step on the way towards optical computers. Phase change materials that change their optical properties depending on the arrangement of the atoms allow for the storage of several bits in a single cell.
With optical elements, computers can work more rapidly and more efficiently. Optical fibers have long since been used for the transmission of data with light.
But on a computer, data are processed still and stored electronically. Electronic exchange of data between processors and the memory limits the speed of modern computers.
To overcome this so-called Von neumann bottleneck, it is not sufficient to optically connect memory and processor,
as the optical signals have to be converted into electric signals again. Scientists, hence, look for methods to carry out calculations and data storage in a purely optical manner.
but also with latest processors, Professor Harish Bhaskaran of Oxford university adds. The new memory can store data for decades even
Permanent all-optical on-chip memories might considerably increase future performance of computers and reduce their energy consumption.
a computer then reconstructs the path those photons must have taken, which generates an image of the target material--all without the lens that's required in conventional microscopy."
"The computer does the imaging part--forget about the lens, "explained Michael Zürch, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany and lead researcher."
"The computer emulates the lens.""Without a lens, the quality of the images primarily depends on the radiation source.
#Pioneering research develops new way to capture light-for the computers of tomorrow The key breakthrough will allow large quantities of data to be stored directly on an integrated optical chip,
data on a computer are processed still and stored electronically. The team of scientists from Germany and England have made a key breakthrough by capturing light on an integrated chip,
Our technology might also eventually be used to reproduce in computers the neural-type processing that is carried out by the human brain.
and our approach can define a new speed limit for future processors, by delivering extremely fast on-chip optical data storage In addition,
they can be arranged within the gel in practically any design that can be created on a computer.
With low-cost fabrication, long-term stability and a wide palette of colors, they have become a building blocks of the display technology,
improving the image quality of TV-SETS, tablets, and mobile phones. Exciting quantum dot applications are also emerging in the fields of green energy, optical sensing,
the IBM research lab Zurich (Switzerland) and the University of Milano-Bicocca (Italy) demonstrated a radically new approach to manipulate the light emission of quantum dots.
This way, researchers were able to compress the inner core, creating the intense internal electric field.
Unlike most 3-D printing, this technique does not require photoinitiators, compounds that promote photoreactivity
"If we can use SPRNT to screen for drugs that specifically disrupt the functioning of these proteins,
Using mouse models, the researchers tested their sunblock against direct ultraviolet rays and their ability to cause sunburn.
potentially outperforming traditional monitoring tools such as cardiac event monitors. The researchers published a paper on their patent-pending process in Advanced Materials.
which is similar in scope to 3-D printing but different in that material is removed instead of added.
"We are trying to add more types of sensors including blood pressure and oxygen saturation monitors to the low-cost patch
They are expected also to be used for precise color matching in light-emitting devices and displays,
These attributes should lead to new LEDS and display devices not only with precisely matched colors--better color accuracy and brightness--but also with improved performance lifetime and improved ease of manufacturing."
"QDS are already in use in display devices (e g. Amazon Kindle and a new Samsung TV
physicists at the University of Düsseldorf have developed model computer simulations to further investigate torque coupling at the nanoscale.
Because we use essentially the same device technology as existing computer chips, we believe it will be much easier to manufacture a full-scale processor chip than for any of the leading designs,
which rely on more exotic technologies.""This makes the building of a quantum computer much more feasible,
since it is based on the same manufacturing technology as today's computer industry, "he added. The advance represents the final physical component needed to realise the promise of super-powerful silicon quantum computers,
which harness the science of the very small-the strange behaviour of subatomic particles-to solve computing challenges that are beyond the reach of even today's fastest supercomputers.
In classical computers, data is rendered as binary bits, which are always in one of two states:
"The silicon chip in your smartphone or tablet already has around one billion transistors on it, with each transistor less than 100 billionths of a metre in size,"said Dr Menno Veldhorst,
"He said that a key next step for the project is to identify the right industry partners to work with to manufacture the full-scale quantum processor chip.
Such a full-scale quantum processor would have major applications in the finance, security and healthcare sectors, allowing the identification
leading to a local resistance change of the material. e were able to understand this effect by performing extensive numerical computer simulations of the electronic properties
ranging from cell phones to laptop computers and electric cars. But there may soon be a new type of battery based on materials that are far more abundant and less costly.
"Electrical energy storage in batteries is essential not only for consumer products such as cell phones and computers,
using computer programs that simulate the activity of place and grid cells in the brain. Crucial to the computational algorithm is the strength of the feedback mechanism between the grid cells and place cells,
and the calibration of the visual signals is integral to the map building process of the computer algorithm.
The computer navigation system assists the robot in situations where it is lost in a new environment,
These microscopic widgets could be customized into incredibly sensitive chemical detectors or long-lasting catalysts, to name a few possible applications.
The nanosheet layers include a water-repelling core (yellow), peptoid backbones (white), and charged sidechains (magenta and cyan).
What more, they discovered it by combining computer simulations with x-ray scattering and imaging methods to determine, for the first time,
next-generation health monitoring devices such as electronic stick-on tattoos (see for instance"wearing single-walled carbon nanotube electronics on your skin",a"temporary tattoo to monitor glucose levels"or"graphene nanosensor tattoo
on teeth monitors bacteria in your mouth")."In order for these wearable sensor devices to become fully integrated into sophisticated monitoring systems,
Modern computers use this principle in practically Every bit (unit of measurement for the digital information content) and the almost unbelievable increase in performance over the last decade was based on a very simple rule:
faster processors and more storage space. Standard memory devices are based on electrons which are displaced by applying voltage.
because there is not just one storage device in our computers, but several optimised ones, depending on the task."
as they do in computer chips. As a semimetal, graphene naturally has no bandgaps, making it a challenge for widespread industry adoption.
antifouling materials developed in the lab of Joanna Aizenberg, the Amy Smith Berylson Professor of Materials science and core faculty member of the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard university.
especially in printing highly viscous and sticky biological and polymeric materials where friction and contamination are major obstacles.
and make the processor work.""This architecture gives us the dense packing and parallel operation essential for scaling up the size of the quantum processor,"says Scientia Professor Sven Rogge, Head of the UNSW School of Physics."
"Ultimately, the structure is scalable to millions of qubits, required for a full-scale quantum processor."
"Background In classical computers, data is rendered as binary bits, which are always in one of two states:
0 or 1. However, a qubit can exist in both of these states at once, a condition known as a superposition.
As a result, quantum computers will exceed far today's most powerful super computers, and offer enormous advantages for a range of complex problems,
because it explores the world of'matter computers, 'where computations (including walking) are carried out by physical objects, rather than by electronic or magnetic shuttles.
Panels a-c used an unprimed short DNA fork, and d-e used a longer and primed DNA fork.
#Researchers create transplantation model for 3-D printed constructs Using sugar, silicone and a 3-D printer,
Bioengineering graduate student Samantha Paulsen and research technician Anderson Ta worked together to develop a proof-of-concept construct--a small silicone gel about the size of a small candy gummy bear--using 3-D printing.
Using an open-source 3-D printer that lays down individual filaments of sugar glass one layer at a time
Researchers around the world can access Professor Waterhouse's open source website to study the genomes of seven family members.
whether the solution was provided by a real human or by software. Facebook M is free of any charge
600 Million are on Android A few months ago the company Whatsapp revealed that it has at least 800 million users.
more than three quarters are reported to be using Android devices. This means that at least 600 million people use Whatsapp on Android.
The study was conducted by Globalwebindex (GWI), and it involved about 50,000 active internet users, with Whatsapp segment constituting around 12,606 users from 34 countries across the globe.
According to the findings, 73%of those using Whatsapp use it from Android devices while those using the iphone followed from a distance with 22%of the market share.
This means that the remaining 5%is shared among users of Windows phone, Nokia, and Blackberry devices.
it is obvious that Android takes home the lion share, hence the unsurprising nature of the GWI report.
The general number of Android smartphones in the handset market is more than any other company;
Android is an open source operating system and for sure, it seems the door to new entrants to the platform won be closing anytime soon.
According to a recent study, there are over 24,000 unique Android manufacturers/devices, an increment of 28%from last year total.
A research by the IDC revealed that Android is used on more than 78%of devices around the world
while ios only manages 18.3%.%We see the same figures with Whatsapp for Android and Whatsapp for ios respectively e
#Researchers Develop 3d printed Brain tissue The brain is amazingly complex, with around 86 billion nerve cells. The challenge for researchers to create bench-top brain tissue from
Professor Wallace said. his paves the way for the use of more sophisticated printers to create structures with much finer resolution. 3d printing of layered brain-like structures using peptide modified gellan gum substrates
The facile ability to form discrete cell-containing layers validates the application of this novel printing technique to form complex, layered and viable 3d cell structures.
10.1073/pnas. 1502134112abstractlarge-scale evidence of dependency length minimization in 37 languagesexplaining the variation between human languages and the constraints on that variation is a core goal of linguistics.
The rats were asked to choose between two identical visual shapes by pressing their nose against one of them on a touchscreen (similar to an ipad), in exchange for rewards in the form of sugar pellets.
and developers who design the software that decodes the neural signal. hat neural prosthetic devices do is communicate seamlessly to an external prosthesis,
Full open access research for mall-Molecule-Driven Direct Reprogramming of Mouse Fibroblasts into Functional Neuronsby Xiang Li, Xiaohan Zuo, Junzhan Jing, Yantao Ma,
The brain tissue here was mouse cerebral cortex. The rapid freezing method is able to prevent the water in the tissue from forming crystals,
Moreover, we were able to confirm that the alternative analytical method they proposed could not reliably detect very obvious computer-generated complementary visual field pairs,
and converts reath signalsinto words using pattern recognition software and an analogue-to-digital converter. A speech synthesizer then reads the words aloud.
DARPA portfolio of neurotechnology programs includes the Restoring Active Memory (RAM) and Systems-Based Neurotechnology for Emerging Therapies (SUBNETS) programs,
mouse model of Alzheimer disease developed at the RIKEN BSI by Takaomi Saido team. After showing how Scales treatment can preserve tissue,
-based screen in which the activity of each gene under investigation was knocked down, or silenced, to examine its effects on mitochondrial calcium levels.
The researchers began with a panel of 128 different genes but after initial screening narrowed the field to just 14 candidate PTP components.
This system, called Geos, uses a combination of computer vision to interpret diagrams, natural language processing to read
the computer roughly achieved an SAT score of 500 (out of 800), the average test score for 2015.
Our biggest challenge was converting the question to a computer-understandable language. One needs to go beyond standard pattern-matching approaches for problems like solving geometry questions that require in depth understanding of text, diagram and reasoning.
all data sets and software are available for other researchers to use. AI2 is also building systems that can tackle science tests,
Computation used a cluster computer awarded by Silicon Mechanics and the Campus Champion Allocation for Tufts University TG-TRA 130003 at the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment,
and represent it on a computer screen. In this article, Inserm researchers, using MRI, have succeeded in detecting natural shear waves in the brain using computational techniques borrowed from seismologists
Researchers at Massachusetts Eye and Ear/Harvard Medical school and Boston University have shown successfully neuroprotection in a Parkinson mouse model using new techniques to deliver drugs across the naturally impenetrable blood-brain barrier.
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