#Robots learn to use kitchen tools by watching Youtube videos Researchers at the University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies (UMIACS) partnered with a scientist at the National Information Communications technology Research Centre
artificial intelligence or the design of computers that can make their own decisions; computer vision or the engineering of systems that can accurately identify shapes and movements;
and natural language processing or the development of robust systems that can understand spoken commands. Although the underlying work is complex the team wanted the results to reflect something practical and relatable to people's daily lives.
and understands it said Yiannis Aloimonos UMD professor of computer science and director of the Computer Vision Lab one of 16 labs and centers in UMIACS.
The work also relies on a specialized software architecture known as deep-learning neural networks. While this approach is not new it requires lots of processing power to work well
and the facial recognition software used by Facebook and other websites. While robots have been used to carry out complicated tasks for decades--think automobile assembly lines--these must be programmed carefully
#Researchers develop new instrument to monitor atmospheric mercury Researchers at the University of Miami (UM) Rosenstiel School of Marine
and monitor blue shifted atomic fluorescence. UM Rosenstiel School Professor of Atmospheric Sciences Anthony Hynes and colleagues tested the new mobile instrument
and how well future computers and other electronic devices will function. The new material, composed of both a semiconductor
and they have close research collaboration with Microsoft. The research is supported further by the Carlsberg Foundation and the Lundbeck Foundation n
Because ultimately one will want to make such optical processors with maybe tens or hundreds of photonic qubits it becomes unwieldy to do this using traditional optical components says Dirk Englund the Jamieson Career development Assistant professor in Electrical engineering and Computer science at MIT and corresponding author on the new paper.
The MIT researchers were joined also by colleagues at IBM and NASA's Jet propulsion laboratory. The researchers'process begins with a silicon optical chip made using conventional manufacturing techniques.
%Using 3d computer modelling of the human heart, it correctly identified the origin of the problems in 75/80 of the simulations, a much better rate than current technology.
The new study determined that mouse TESI is highly similar to the TESI derived from human cells
#Quantum optical hard drive breakthrough The team's record storage time of six hours is a major step towards a secure worldwide data encryption network based on quantum information
So we are thinking of our crystals as portable optical hard drives for quantum entanglement. After writing a quantum state onto the nuclear spin of the europium using laser light the team subjected the crystal to a combination of a fixed and oscillating magnetic fields to preserve the fragile quantum information.
The ANU group is excited also about the fundamental tests of quantum mechanics that a quantum optical hard drive will enable.
The research also suggests that Graphexeter could extend the lifetime of displays such as TV screens located in highly humid environments including kitchens.
The same team have discovered now that Graphexeter is also more stable than many transparent conductors commonly used by for example the display industry y
professor in the Department of chemistry and core member of the Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics at Georgia State, organized a research team,
Ph d.,developed a way to screen for genes that regulate the TGF-beta receptor. When 720 genes from the human genome were screened against lung cancer and breast cancer cells,
In the mouse study the insulin-producing cells were placed under the kidney capsule--a thin membrane layer that surrounds the kidney--where they developed into an organ-like structure with its own blood supply.
and are used for displays, communications as well as scientific instruments.""The capabilities of laser beam shaping and steering are crucial for many optical applications,
Common'data structure'revamped to work with multicore chips Today hardware manufacturers are making computer chips faster by giving them more cores or processing units.
In principle doubling the number of cores should double the efficiency of a computation. With algorithms that use a common data structure called a priority queue that's been true for up to about eight cores
--but adding any more cores actually causes performance to plummet. At the Association for Computing Machinery's Symposium on Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming in February researchers from MIT's Computer science and Artificial intelligence Laboratory will describe a new way of implementing priority queues that lets them keep pace with the addition of new cores.
In simulations algorithms using their data structure continued to demonstrate performance improvement with the addition of new cores up to a total of 80 cores.
A priority queue is a data structure that as its name might suggest sequences data items according to priorities assigned them
when they're stored. At any given time only the item at the front of the queue--the highest-priority item--can be retrieved.
when multiple cores try to access the front of a priority queue at the same time. The problem is compounded by modern chips'reliance on caches--high-speed memory banks where cores store local copies of frequently used data.
As you're reading the front of the queue the whole front of the queue will be in your cache says Justin Kopinsky an MIT graduate student in electrical engineering
and Microsoft Research's Dan Alistarh a former student of Shavit's relaxed the requirement that each core has to access the first item in the queue.
--which must be the case for multicore computing to work anyway--they can simply be assigned to cores at random.
But a core has to know where to find the data item it's been assigned
if multiple cores are trying to modify data items simultaneously. Say that a core has been assigned element five.
It goes to the head of the list and starts working its way down. But another core is already in the process of modifying element three
so the first core has to sit and wait until it's done. The MIT researchers break this type of logjam by repurposing yet another data structure called a skip list.
The skip list begins with a linked list and builds a hierarchy of linked lists on top of it.
how far down depends on how many cores are trying to access the root list. Each core then moves some random number of steps and jumps down to the next layer of the hierarchy.
It repeats the process until it reaches the root list. Collisions can still happen particularly
when a core is modifying a data item that appears at multiple levels of the hierarchy
we could discern which epigenomic events might be at the core of insulin resistance.""Because the types of epigenomic changes being analyzed occur at locations where transcription factors bind,
#Blood test for prostate cancer investigated Mitchell believes the technique will be transformative in providing improved cancer diagnostics that can both predict treatment outcomes and monitor patient responses to therapy.
Robust mutation panels vastly improve monitoring since cancer cells are constantly deleting chromosomal DNA and liquid biopsies with only one or two mutations will allow cancer cell escape variants to go undetected he said.
To accomplish that Duke university researchers used software they developed to predict a constantly-evolving infectious bacterium's countermoves to one of these new drugs ahead of time before the drug is tested even on patients.
The software they developed called OSPREY is open-source and freely available for any researcher to use e
Working in a mouse model the research team led by Drs. Nicolas Bazan Boyd Professor and Director of the LSU Health New orleans Neuroscience Center of Excellence and Alberto Musto Assistant professor of Research Neurosurgery and Neuroscience found that brief small electrical microbursts
The new EU regulation thus represents a core element of the EU strategy for the conservation of biodiversity passed in 2011.
#Using 3-D printing clinicians repair tracheal damage Mr. Goldstein a Phd candidate at the Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of medicine has been working with a team of surgeons at the North Shore
We actually found designs to modify the printer on Makerbot's Thingiverse website to print PLA with one extruder and the biomaterial with the other extruder.
We 3d printed the needed parts with our other Makerbot Replicator Desktop 3d printer and used them to modify the Makerbot Replicator 2x Experimental 3d printer
If we had to send out these designs to a commercial printer far away and get the designs back several weeks later we'd never be where we are today.
One special bio printer cost $180000 an amount that the Institute would not allocate. They wanted to test their concept
and is a size that fits on a desktop. Originally Mr. Goldstein thought that he would need special PLA to maintain sterility
and other parts on their Makerbot Replicator Desktop 3d printer to produce a brand new bioreactor.
Now he is the Feinstein Institute's 3d printing specialist printing models of organs for preoperative planning
and walkers--to design core interchangeable components which work together like Meccano and just like the toy can be easily
Put together in sequence these p-n junctions form transistors which can in turn be combined into integrated circuits microchips and processors.
but we were surprised at how rapidly a mild reduction in food intake could improve outcome in a mouse malaria model,
but also in activating adaptive immune and inflammatory responses--is increased upon infection in a mouse model of cerebral malaria,
This reduces the need for trial and error experimentation in the lab. Using a supercomputer at Argonne National Laboratory we are able to use our computer simulations to compress decades of research in the lab into a total of about a day's worth of computing said lead researcher Ilja
Predicting the zeolites'performance required serious computing power efficient computer algorithms and accurate descriptions of the molecular interactions.
The team's software can utilize Mira a supercomputer with nearly 800000 processors to run in a day the equivalent computations requiring about 10 million hours on a single-processor computer.
and catalysts for all of the complex mixtures involved in creating these products is of paramount importance
ENIGMA's scientists screen brain scans and genomes worldwide for factors that help or harm the brain said ENGIMA cofounder Professor Paul Thompson from University of Southern California.
#Major breakthrough in reading ancient scrolls A breakthrough not only in digital imaging techniques the first-of-its-kind software could also have profound impacts on history and literature.
Without unrolling the scrolls Seales'software will run extremely high-resolution images from the tangled surfaces making sense of the jumbled letters into words and words into passages.
The software will combine novel methods for finding the scroll surfaces together with a user-guided interface for correcting mistakes
In other words it will pull out a page that displays writing from the data they currently have
We're using that data to build software so that we can pull out large sections and flatten them said Seales.
The software we're building will be the first to visualize data in that way and it's crucial to uncovering the works inside the Herculaneum scrolls.
Supported by a three-year $500000 National Science Foundation grant and by Google where Seales spent his sabbatical in 2012-2013 the computer science professor has begun working to develop the software.
The computer science professor is working on the software with a team of UK undergraduate and graduate students including:
The scans will utilize Seales'software as well as the new x-ray technique. Seales said the project plan is to release working software
and datasets as soon as possible for scholars to examine. By project's end the team hopes to have created a software tool
and a set of scans of scrolls that together will transform the hopelessly damaged Herculaneum collection into new literary discoveries he said.
#NASA Microsoft collaboration will allow scientists to'work on Mars'NASA and Microsoft have teamed up to develop software called Onsight,
a new technology that will enable scientists to work virtually on Mars using wearable technology called Microsoft Hololens.
Developed by NASA's Jet propulsion laboratory in Pasadena, California, Onsight will give scientists a means to plan and,
Until now, rover operations required scientists to examine Mars imagery on a computer screen, and make inferences about
Holographic computing blends a view of the physical world with computer-generated imagery to create a hybrid of real and virtual.
members of the Curiosity mission team don a Microsoft Hololens device, which surrounds them with images from the rover's Martian field site.
"Previously, our Mars explorers have been stuck on one side of a computer screen. This tool gives them the ability to explore the rover's surroundings
The joint effort to develop Onsight with Microsoft grew from an ongoing partnership to investigate advances in human-robot interaction.
"ENIGMA's scientists screen brain scans and genomes worldwide for factors that help or harm the brain--this crowdsourcing and sheer wealth of data gives us the power to crack the brain's genetic code,
The researchers found in a mouse model of sepsis that sildenafil more commonly known as Viagra induced the liver to produce greater amounts of a protein called CYCLIC GMP
these core/shell particles self-assemble into a thin film upon water removal. The whole procedure takes less then 24 hours.
and the computer uses the reading to calculate the glucose concentration. The process is repeated then with UV LIGHT.
The computer then uses these two different readings to calculate the premature baby's blood sugar level.
and began working on a screen for molecules that tweak cell shape. Most drug screens look for an effect on a specific biochemical pathway that has been linked to disease;
by contrast Surcel explains this screen is based on the end result for a whole cell--in this case the amoeba Dictyostelium
which closely resembles a number of mammalian cell types. After treating the cells with a molecule Robinson's team looked for out-of-the-ordinary numbers of cells with two or more nuclei.
A screen of thousands of molecules turned up 25 with the effect the team was looking for Further studies revealed that one of them 4-HAP affected myosin II a building block of the cell skeleton.
Mohs and co-authors report on their prototype system that combines a fluorescent dye that localizes in tumors with a real-time imaging system that allows the surgeon to simply view a screen to distinguish between normal tissue and the ightedmalignant tissue.
of mouse Ngly1 gene expression. Published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Science the paper details how lack of the Ngly1 protein results in the incomplete removal of the sugar portion of glycoproteins--a process called deglycosylation.
In mouse models, deletion of the gene that codes for a protein that promotes the production of camp resulted in spontaneous bronchial asthma,
"Raz noted that the genetic mouse model developed for the research shares multiple similarities with human allergic asthma,
#New laser for computer chips: International team of scientists constructs first germanium-tin semiconductor laser for silicon chips The transfer of data between multiple cores as well as between logic elements and memory cells is regarded as a bottleneck in the fast-developing computer technology.
Data transmission via light could be the answer to the call for a faster and more energy efficient data flow on computer chips as well as between different board components.
Signal transmission via copper wires limits the development of larger and faster computers due to the thermal load and the limited bandwidth of copper wires.
The clock signal alone synchronizing the circuits uses up to 30%of the energy--energy which can be saved through optical transmission explains Prof.
Along with computer chips completely new applications that have not been pursued so far for financial reasons may
and her collaborators have used already the system to observe firing in 3d neuronal dendritic trees in superficial layers of the mouse brain.
Lynch and his colleagues used high-throughput sequencing to catalog genes expressed in the uterus of several types of living animals--placental mammals (a human, monkey, mouse, dog, cow, pig, horse and armadillo
All samples were sent immediately to Stanford's Human Immune Monitoring Core which houses the latest immune-sleuthing technology under a single roof.
software specialist Sanchita Bhattacharya; and MD/Phd student Cesar Lopez Angel. The study was funded by the National institutes of health (grants U19ai057229 U19ai090019 DA011170 DA023063 AI057229 AI090019 ES022153 and UL1 RR025744) SRI the Howard hughes medical institute the Wenner-Gren Foundation and the Sweden-America Foundation.
With the help of specific mouse models we demonstrate that the expression of Fra-2 in keratinocytes induces the expression of genes in the EDC the authors write.
computer chips, and the nanomaterials involved in energy conversion or storage. But this also means that the X-rays pass straight through conventional lenses without being bent or focussed.
a postdoctoral fellow in Kipnis'lab. The vessels were detected after Louveau developed a method to mount a mouse's meninges--the membranes covering the brain--on a single slide
the researchers inserted the equivalent of a computer programme into the DNA of the bacterial cells.
Jérôme Bonnet's team in Montpellier's Centre for Structural Biochemistry (CBS) had the idea of using concepts from synthetic biology derived from electronics to construct genetic systems making it possible to"programme"living cells like a computer.
"Qihong and his colleagues have found a target that could result in a more accurate test than any method that's been used to screen for non-small cell lung cancer to date,
"This is the second time Wistar has identified a potential method for creating a blood test to screen for lung cancer.
The discovery is the latest development in a long investigation sparked by a chance observation in an unusual mouse strain.
Years of subsequent research involving the MRL mouse led Heber-Katz and colleagues to theorize that the HIF-1a pathway,
of which is increased markedly before and after injury in the MRL mouse. Under normal oxygen conditions, HIF-1a is degraded by prolyl hydroxylases (PHDS.
their group found that it was possible to achieve healthy tissue regrowth in a mouse model in situ, without the use of stem cells."
and a cluster computer awarded by Silicon Mechanics s
#Your viral infection history in a single drop of blood With Virscan, scientists can run a single test to determine which viruses have infected an individual,
A similar approach could also be used to screen for antibodies against other types of pathogens s
and may also help the food industry screen against contamination with harmful pathogens, according to researchers. A new way of rapidly identifying bacteria,
and may also help the food industry screen against contamination with harmful pathogens, according to researchers at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) in Daejeon, South korea.
and computer software to analyze the images and identify them by comparing them to other, known bacteria.
The software uses a machine-learning algorithm--the sort computers connected to security cameras might use for automated facial recognition.
They then applied software they designed to the analysis, which used a conventional approach to statistical classification known as machine learning--a sorting strategy based on pattern similarities that has been used extensively in applications like facial recognition software.
This was the first time anyone had applied machine learning to Fourier Transform light scattering data, Park said. They are now looking to extend their initial work to see
In principle, the approach could be scaled up to screen for contaminated food or suspicious packages s
#New approach for treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Arrayprof. Dr. Oliver Eickelberg and Dr. Claudia Staab-Weijnitz of the Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) at Helmholtz Zentrum München and their colleagues at LMU University Hospital in Munich and Yale university
Arrayarraythe researchers'printing surface consists of a sandwich-like structure made up of two thin films of silver separated by a"spacer"film of silica.
""Unlike the printing process of an inkjet or laserjet printer, where mixed color pigments are used, there is no color ink used in our structural printing process--only different hole sizes on a thin metallic layer,
pigment-free color printing and relevant applications such as security marking and information storage.""Other co-authors of the Scientific Reports paper are Dr. Fei Cheng, a researcher at Missouri S&t's Nanoscale Optics Laboratory,
A leader and follower controlled dots on a screen, using hand-held motion tracking sensors. The leader was taught to produce chaotic and unpredictable movements,
and when their dot moved on the screen the researchers found that, contrary to traditional thinking that a feedback delay would be a hindrance to coordination,
in much the same way that integration of electronics has driven the impressive advances of modern computer systems."
or T-ALL, by stalling the action of a specific protein receptor found in abundance on the surface of T cells at the core of T-ALL IN experiments in mice and human cells,
Working with an obese mouse model, the researchers gave the mice a synthetic version of lipoxin A4 to boost the amount of the natural substance already in their systems.
Engineers develop a computer that operates on water droplets The computer is nearly a decade in the making,
Because of its universal nature, the droplet computer can theoretically perform any operation that a conventional electronic computer can crunch,
or to operate word processors on this, "Prakash said.""Our goal is to build a completely new class of computers that can precisely control
and manipulate physical matter. Imagine if when you run a set of computations that not only information is processed
Computer clocks are responsible for nearly every modern convenience. Smartphones, DVRS, airplanes, the Internet--without a clock, none of these could operate without frequent and serious complications.
Nearly every computer program requires several simultaneous operations each conducted in a perfect step-by-step manner. A clock makes sure that these operations start
"The reason computers work so precisely is that every operation happens synchronously; it's what made digital logic so powerful in the first place,
Arraydeveloping a clock for a fluid-based computer required some creative thinking. It needed to be easy to manipulate,
"Prakash said the most immediate application might involve turning the computer into a high-throughput chemistry and biology laboratory.
and the droplet computer offers unprecedented control over these interactions. From the perspective of basic science, part of why the work is so exciting,
Right now, anyone can put these circuits together to form a complex droplet processor with no external control--something that was a very difficult challenge previously,
Using mouse models Dr Grainger and his team looked at how and where monocytes are programs in response to toxoplasmosis,
such as operating batteries and catalysts. It could enable the manipulation of the inner workings of matter to understand,
which is well over the typical brightness levels of the portable displays used in smartphones. Considering how thin GQDS are,
a foldable paperlike display could soon become a reality. The present work for the first time, demonstrated that GQDS can be applied to optical devices by fabricating GQD-based LEDS with meaningful brightness.
The researchers found that it is possible to mimic complex dynamic patterning seen in real cephalopods such as the Passing Cloud display,
and, by putting a stiff core in the middle, you concentrate the stress in the center when you're pulling straight up."
Conventional honeycomb structures are insular panels of repeating, often hexagonal-shaped cells in a range of sizes and configurations.
It is hoped this precise pinpointing may shed light on why enzymes are much more efficient at speeding up chemical reactions compared to human-made catalysts
than human-made catalysts that are used in industry. It is estimated that human-made catalysts underpin the creation of 80-90%of all manufactured goods
. Whilst researchers have a good understanding of the chemistry of enzymes, they are less sure about how enzymes physically react with their targets,
bacteria-sensing gloves and more Inkjet printing is one of the most immediate and accessible forms of printing technology currently available, according to the researchers,
and ink-jet printing of biomolecules has been proposed previously by scientists. However, the heat-sensitive nature of these unstable compounds means printed materials rapidly lose functionality,
'said Professor Bill Bonfield, chairman of the Armourers and Brasiers Venture Prize judging panel.''Our prize looks to encourage scientific entrepreneurship in the UK
Ram Krishna Ghosh, whose calculations show close correspondence to the experimental results. Datta cautions that the new resonant tunnel diode is just one element in a circuit
and Kavikrishna Laboratory, Indian Institute of technology, Guwahati, utilized a well-known mouse model of Mtb infection, where months after drug treatment,
Using this mouse model of dormancy, scientists isolated the special bone marrow stem cell type, the CD271+mesenchymal stem cells, from the drug treated mice.
#Supercomputers surprisingly link DNA crosses to cancer Supercomputers have helped scientists find a surprising link between cross-shaped (or cruciform) pieces of DNA and human cancer, according to a study at The University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin.
High performance computing at UT Austin's Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) with the Stampede and Lonestar supercomputers helped the researchers find short inverted repeats of 30 base pairs
We used the TACC supercomputers for that aspect of the work.''''We have used both the Stampede and the Lonestar Linux clusters.
We usually back up our data on Corral, 'Bacolla said. The challenge and need for using HPC,
We certainly cannot do this kind of work on our laptop or anything like a normal system in our laboratories;
when he tried to scale up to 100 or more sequences on one processor.''To solve this, we had to get in touch with TACC support staff,
Finally, we ended up with a solution by giving to each processor fewer sequences.''This allowed Bacolla to scale his code up and use over 1, 000 processors at once.'
'It would not have been possible to do this job without the TACC resources, 'Bacolla said.''The center is an incredible resource in terms of its capacity and support.
'Our next steps are to go forward with a mouse model that can detect mutations and translocations in the mouse genome using human sequences from these cancer breakpoints,
'Vasquez said. Does this really occur now in the context of chromosomes in living organisms?
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