#Erasing a genetic mutation Using a new gene-editing system based on bacterial proteins MIT researchers have cured mice of a rare liver disorder caused by a single genetic mutation.
The findings described in the March 30 issue of Nature Biotechnology offer the first evidence that this gene-editing technique known as CRISPR can reverse disease symptoms in living animals.
CRISPR which offers an easy way to snip out mutated DNA and replace it with the correct sequence holds potential for treating many genetic disorders according to the research team.
What s exciting about this approach is that we can actually correct a defective gene in a living adult animal says Daniel Anderson the Samuel A. Goldblith Associate professor of Chemical engineering at MIT a member of the Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research
and the senior author of the paper. The recently developed CRISPR system relies on cellular machinery that bacteria use to defend themselves from viral infection.
Faced with the financial crisis and challenges in commercializing therapeutics, they pivoted to diagnostics. They shopped their phages to bacteria-plagued industries such as oil and water treatment,
In experiments Marchese found that the angle at which the fish changes direction which can be as extreme as 100 degrees is determined almost entirely by the duration of inflation
and Justin Ashton GM 08 who Hynes met through MIT s entrepreneurial network has seen its revenue grow twentyfold.
At the end of the day it s about making the economics work to compete against the price of fuel Hynes says adding We re able to do a lot with a little.
or thousands of dollars upfront Hynes says. When a fleet customer looks at the numbers they want to see benefits based on fuel savings
I believe that mix itself provides the highest value for all the stakeholders. The education is a two-way street Zaccagnini says with the MIT students
or aid in stroke recovery is a multibillion-dollar endeavor that only rarely pays off in the form of government-approved pharmaceuticals.
because they have spent so much money on developing drugs that don work. They end up focusing somewhere else.
the pharmaceutical company can continue investing in the trial with confidence that the drug will ultimately pass muster.
and money as computers and online services shut down sometimes for hours. To avoid downtime organizations will usually wait for low-traffic periods to update
which include banks retail firms and telecommunications companies worldwide. After the purchase the Ksplice team joined Oracle to help the company integrate the software in its products.
#Mobile money helps Kenyans weather financial storms Only about one-fourth of Kenyans have access to a traditional bank,
But a new study co-authored by MIT economist Tavneet Suri shows that a growing form of electronic payments is helping Kenyans weather these financial problems by letting them informally borrow
and lend money more easily. The electronic payments system, known as M-PESA, was introduced in 2007
and is used now by at least 70 percent of households in the country In a new paper published in the American Economic Review,
That means the electronic money-transfers let people smooth out, as economists say, their spending meaning they are less likely ever to have to cut back on paying for essential needs. he people who use M-PESA have a smaller drop in consumption
when something bad happens, says Suri, an associate professor of applied economics at the MIT Sloan School of management. heye more likely to get money from their friends and family,
and they receive from more different people. Informal insurance networks As Suri and Jack emphasize,
the agricultural nature of the Kenyan economy undergirds the sudden rise in M-PESA use.
Droughts, storms, and other crop problems mean income can be quite irregular for millions of Kenyans;
as a result, they don know how much money they will make, and save, from season to season or month to month.
Suri says. hey also don have government programs like unemployment insurance or health insurance, and they don have private insurance either.
So they end up making deals with each other. In Kenya as in many developing countries neighbors
friends, and relatives often rely on informal agreements to make loans with one another when times are hard.
Mobile phone usage is far more prevalent in Kenya than traditional banking is and the system lets people transfer money by text message.
Moreover, as Suri and Jack have found, the average distance over which an M-PESA operates is 150 to 200 kilometers,
which means people are easily able to tap into money transfers from distant sources. Connecting everywhere, not just the capital Suri
And they uncovered additional geographic patterns about the electronic money transfers: Not only is the average distance between parties significant,
In short, money transfers are made not just from wealthier urban Kenyans to their poorer rural friends
and relatives. verybody assumes it just money going out from the capital, Nairobi, and that not true, Suri says. here are a lot of local transfers,
this is not just people in the big city sending money. Other scholars say the results are interesting,
even though access to formal insurance is limited very, says Francis Vella, an economist at Georgetown University who has read the paper.
However, Vella adds, oving forward, it will be important to ask if, as well as helping people share their resources more efficiently,
Suri has studied mobile money in Kenya extensively in recent years but some of her new research will take her in different directions.
Among other things, she is now studying the financing of small-scale distributed solar power in areas of Kenya without either a formal grid or established banking systems;
she has also been examining housing prices in urban neighborhoods in Kenya, and the impact of new technologies on voter mobilization
capstan-based mechanism ensures that the battery-powered device can lift two soldiers sometimes carrying 80 to 100 pounds of equipment swiftly along an attached rope, without jamming.
dubbed the APA-5 developed with funding from the Office of Naval Research Tech Solutions Program weighs roughly 20 pounds
and can lift up to 600 pounds at speeds of up to several feet per second. First designed for soldiers who plunged into caves and wells in Iraq and Afghanistan
Original specifications for the invention called for a device that weighed less than 25 pounds and could hoist 250 pounds 50 feet vertically in five seconds a remarkably high power-to-weight ratio exceeding that of a Dodge Viper, the team calculated.
Using drill batteries and other custom-designed equipment, the team completed a working prototype that achieved a 50-foot lift in seven seconds.
and launch their first product, the APA-3. Weighing 28 pounds, the first APA could lift up to 350 pounds at 5 feet per second,
and was adopted by several U s. military groups.)As one of the few companies in the relatively new but growing power-ascension market, Atlas has needed to continually hone APA specifications to meet field and customer expectations.
with smaller diameters. o carry a 200-foot section of rope was up to 15 pounds;
now it closer to 8 pounds, Ball says. ee always trying to find better ways to accomplish things.
Ball specifically credits former technology transfer specialist Lisa Shaler-Clark as instrumental in taking the APA rom the lab bench to the field.
Having Medicaid increases emergency room visits Adults who are covered by Medicaid use emergency rooms 40 percent more than those in similar circumstances who do not have health insurance, according to a unique new study,
co-authored by an MIT economist, that sheds empirical light on the inner workings of health care in the U s. The study takes advantage of Oregon recent use of a lottery to assign access to Medicaid, the government-backed health-care plan for low-income
says Amy Finkelstein, the Ford Professor of Economics at MIT and a principal investigator of the study,
On one level, the results accord with a traditional economics framework suggesting that insurance, by lowering out-of-pocket costs, would increase the use of medical care.
f wee lowered the price of the emergency department, we would expect people to use it more.
Amitabh Chandra, an economist and professor at the Harvard Kennedy School who has read the paper, praises the study as xemplary social science,
Evidence from Oregon Health insurance Experiment, were lead author Sarah Taubman of the National Bureau of Economic Research, Heidi Allen of Columbia University School of Social work,
In a 2011 paper published in the Quarterly Journal of Economics, they showed that Medicaid coverage increases doctor visits,
reduces out-of-pocket expenses or unpaid medical debt; and increases self-reported good health. In a 2013 paper published in the New england Journal of Medicine,
Co-founded with Harvard economist Lawrence Katz, the group is meant to encourage randomized evaluations on policies
which was founded in 2003 to support randomized trials in development economics globally. t relatively rare to have randomized this kind of controlled trial on a major policy issue,
or a tax on all carbon emissions. But a new study by researchers at MIT finds that a egmentalapproach involving separate targeting of energy choices
The paper shows that when accounting for infrastructural inertia, the carbon intensity of new plants built over the coming decade that is,
To get a sense of how the technique works imagine a graph that plotted say hours worked by an hourly worker against money earned.
Bhatia plans to launch a company to commercialize the technology with funding from MIT s Deshpande Center for Technological Innovation.
by the MIT $100k Entrepreneurship Competition has earned millions of dollars in private and federal funding. In 2012, Semprus sold to a medical device-manufacturing giant for an amount that could reach $80 million.
Through MIT network of entrepreneurs, investors, and lawyers, e were able to assemble a great team of advisers to refine our plans
and do financing, Lucchino says. Under Lucchino stewardship, Semprus secured $28. 5 million in venture capital financing and $2. 4 million in federal funding, primarily from the National Science Foundation
and grew from two to 40 employees. Lucchino says he owes some of his business acumen to his education at MIT Sloan,
which taught him a broad set of entrepreneurial skills in finance, business, and operations strategies. t was continuing to fertilize my entrepreneurial soil to get
#Connecting Morocco#s artisans with the world Although tourism accounts for the second-largest industry within Morocco economy,
a Morocco native, was motivated to find innovative new ways to help his country craftsmen leverage the opportunities provided by a globalized economy.
These artisans often rely on microcredit loans with high interest rates to fund their initial production, and can expect to see an average return of only 5 to 20 percent of the retail price of their goods. he supply chain design behind Morocrafts is part of Zyad business strategy,
says Edgar E. Blanco, a research director at the MIT Center for Transportation and Logistics and a Morocrafts advisory board member. t provides not only more transparency but also a connection between consumers and artisans,
Morocrafts aims to increase artisan earnings by up to 70 percent of retail price through maintaining a"low-to-no"inventory model in
The platform will also provide interest-free credit loans to artisans in order to ease barrier of entry,
Additional funding came from multiple public and private sources, including Nieh NSF Graduate Research Fellowship, the Integrative Neuronal Systems Fellowship,
Wu says. e win in terms of bringing in profits, consumers win because they have products that help them save costs,
and entrepreneurs are getting money to put food on the table. Wee doing good through business.
But this machine cost about $200 and weighed over 100 pounds, meaning villagers couldn easily afford
which are valuable commodities for Tanzanians. That when Wu engineered a solution. e were building this pedal-powered machine,
lawyers, and accountants also showed Wu some significant errors in her financial planning. y first executive plan said I needed $20,
along with information on the fixes that could offer the most return on investment. But the startup also works with the U s. Department of defense to help identify energy-wasting buildings on their bases.
billions of dollars could be saved. Not just finding the culprits These early innovations to the hardware have nabled Essess to have this large-scale,
To do so, Sarma helped develop software that brings in household and demographic data such as information on householdsmortgage payments
and proposal from the Golden West Humanitarian Foundation that they soon provided funding to design
24m has raised $50 million in financing from venture capital firms and a U s. Department of energy grant. The company is initially focusing on grid-scale installations,
so they require much larger initial capital expenditures. By 2020, Chiang estimates that 24m will be able to produce batteries for less than $100 per kilowatt-hour of capacity.
Teva paid $35 million up front, with additional milestone payments as the device goes through clinical trials before it hits the shelves. bviously,
whereby carbon-carbon bonds are broken in the heaviest fractions, including asphalt. They are quantifying the different rates at
funding, building a team, and other early startup challenges. t a great class for a student who has an idea,
Apple and Mastercard adopting the technology. Biometric sensors are getting smaller and the ease with
a film roughly the size of a sheet of paper costs only a few euros. Ensinger says that the price of gold is not a factor
because the amounts that are required are small:""With 1 gram of gold, we could make a nanotube for literally every person on earth."
The research team received funding for their study from the Israel Ministry of Science and Technology the European Research Council and the Biotechnology and Biological sciences Research Council.
and history so fascinating and their trade weighs quite heavily in today's economies. In 2013 the global art market generated some EUR 47.42 billion according to the European Fine art Foundation.
and evenly porous said Tiziana Bond an LLNL engineer who is a member of the joint research team.
and can be done over many scales avoiding the lift off technique to remove metals with real-time quality control Bond said.
which insurance companies are more likely to provide reimbursement. In their latest research breakthrough the team fashioned a tiny DNA reading device a thousands of times smaller than width of a single human hair.
#Paper electronics could make health care more accessible Flexible electronic sensors based on paper an inexpensive material have the potential to some day cut the price of a wide range of medical tools from helpful robots
but are made for a few hundred dollars less and operate with greater efficiency, Coe-Sullivan says.
They plan to use these promising results to apply for federal funding. The technique that treats biochar electrodes for supercapacitors can also be used in making displays explained Fan who was a research scientist at Wintek more than 10 years ago.
With no interruption in the atomic bonds between nanotubes and graphene, the material's entire area, inside and out, becomes one large surface.
One of the biggest challenges in clinical medicine right now which also costs a lot of money is that we're living longer
In fuel cells these nanowire arrays can be used to lower production expenses by relying on more cost-efficient catalysts.
"While traditional equipment requires an investment of around $100, 000, the new mobile device would likely cost ten times less, around $10, 000.0
"Acknowledged Project The now patented Biogàsplus technology received in 2011 a 100,000 dollar grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
The grant money went towards testing the capacity of iron oxide nanoparticles, which helped to verify the efficacy of its application in a pilot 100 litre digester.
which would add greatly to the complexity and expense of a solar power system. This is the first device that is able to do all these things at the same time Chou says.
They want to offer consumers flexible touchscreen technology but at an affordable and realistic price. At the moment this market is limited severely in the materials to hand
Then nanoparticles were obtained by thermal evaporation techniques where the molecular bonds of the metals degraded as a powder
Even in nature, the bonds formed between molecules and nanomachines are fleeting. Thanks to the new method, it is now possible to explore such natural kinetics in greater detail,
which corresponds to about one-third of a thousand-trillionth of a pound or one-seventh of a thousand-trillionth of a kilogram.
and in particular our graphene petal technology called Folium#at production scales that provide tremendous pricing advantages.
is to acquire funding to build a prototype device.""We have enough know-how now. We can start building this device today,
but also how much energy is in their bonds. Each fluorine atom has so much electronic charge that you get tall peaks
and label-free detection of biomoleculesemoving the step and expense of labeling target molecules with florescent dye.
A request for an additional $7 million in funding from the U s army to conduct the next phase of vaccine development, including manufacturing
"Besides the evident application in replacing the typical'rainbow holograms'of credit cards and other security items,
Each device would probably cost pennies instead of pounds making it ideal technology for use in developing countries where there are not enough medically trained staff to effectively monitor
El-Naggar credits Sahand Pirbadian USC graduate student with devising an ingenious yet simple strategy to make the discovery.
He suggests that reaching 5 percent power conversion efficiency would justify the investment for making small flexible solar panels to power devices such as smart phones.
Venkataraman credits organic materials chemist Gehan with postdoctoral fellow and device physicist Monojit Bag with making crucial observations and using persistent detective work to get past various roadblocks in the experiments.
Any biodegradable mechanism intended to release a drug over a long time period must be sturdy enough to limit hydrolysis a process by which the body's water breaks down the bonds in a drug molecule.
The study may have great implications to a multi-billion dollar electronics industry that seeks to revolutionize technology at scales 80000 times smaller than the human hair.
In the case of silicon oxygen breaks some of the silicon bonds of the first one
Materials are made up of systems of atoms that bond and vibrate in unique ways. Raman spectroscopy allows researchers to measure these bonds and vibrations.
Housed within the Center for Nanoscale Materials a DOE Office of Science User Facility the spectroscope allows researchers to use light to shift the position of one atom in a crystal lattice
or weak these bonds are in relation to the frequency at which the atoms vibrate. The researchers noticed something oddly familiar when looking at the vibrational signatures and frequencies of their sample.
However, limited resources and high expense have been stumbling blocks in its effective commercialization. Group leader Yung-Eun Sung of the Center for Nanoparticle Research at IBS,
"It has the potential to totally change the world's electronic basis. It's a trillion-dollar prospect. l
The researchers fired pellets of randomly oriented multiwalled carbon nanotubes from a light gas gun built by the Rice lab of materials scientist Enrique Barrera with funding from NASA.
Ozden explained that the even distribution of stress along the belly-flopping nanotube which is many times longer than it is wide breaks carbon bonds in a line nearly simultaneously.
or emboss the raised numerals on credit cardsould process nanoparticles more subtly than the most advanced chemistry.
but could be done today with the same equipment used by anyone who makes credit cards.""The method can be used to configure new types of materials.
or bond, forming new classes of chemically and mechanically stable nanostructures that no longer need restraining surfaces.
Essential to this mechanism are the noncovalent bonds that loosely hold the supramolecular constructs together.
These weak bonds exist between molecules with complementary shapes and electronic properties. They are responsible for the ability of the supramolecules to assemble spontaneously in liquid environments.
and in offering a predictive model accounting for materials and conditions,"said Ilia Valov, principle investigator at the Electronic Materials Research Centre Jülich."
In that short time many atoms along the side of the nanotube become stressed due to the impact resulting in the breaking of the carbon bonds in a straight line along the side of the nanotube.
Many of these atoms ended up being ejected from the nanotube rather than having their bonds neatly broken as in the 0â°impact angle scenario.
"says Fang, the Brit and Alex d'Arbeloff Career development Associate professor in Engineering Design. So far, the researchers at MIT and LLNL have tested the process using three engineering materialsetal, ceramic,
which in terms of power output means getting two for the price of one. Carrier multiplication is inefficient in the bulk solids used in ordinary solar cells
It could change everything from the production of cell phones and televisions to counterfeit-proof money, improved solar energy systems or quick identification of troops in combat.
"The researchers said this should both save money and create technologies that work better. Improved LED lighting is one possibility,
it forms an extremely strong mechanical bond.""The biggest problem with designing load-bearing supercaps is preventing them from delaminating,
"Combining nanoporous material with the polymer electrolyte bonds the layers together tighter than superglue.""The use of silicon in structural supercapacitors is suited best for consumer electronics and solar cells,
In 2010 they successfully obtained funding for the project called SPEDOC (Surface Plasmon Early Detection of Circulating Heat shock proteins and Tumor Cells) under the 7th Framework Program (FP7) of the European commission.
or thousands of dollars you'd shell out to buy one. Even the minimalist#Printrbot Simple retails at $299.#
#Watch A 3-D Printer Make A Pizza#This summer we heard about a 3-D printer for food developed with NASA funding
Engineer Alan Bond sees something more futuristic. We're looking at a revolution in transportation he says.
For Bond the engine represents the beginning of the world's first fully reusable spaceship a new kind of craft that promises to do
Bond's Synergistic Air-Breathing Rocket engine (Sabre) part chemical rocket part jet engine will make Skylon possible.
That price would even undercut the $50 million sum that private spaceflight company Spacex plans to charge to launch cargo on its two-stage Falcon 9 rocket.
The bigger challenge may be securing funding. While ESA and The british government have invested a combined $92 million in the project Bond
and his crew plan to turn to public and private investors for the remaining $3. 6 billion necessary to complete the engine
which they say could be ready for flight tests in the next four years. Building the craft itself would require a much heftier investment:
$14 billion. The quest for a single-stage-to-orbit spaceship or SSTO has bedeviled aerospace engineers for decades.
Bond's own exploration of the topic began in the early 1980s when he was a young engineer working with Rolls-royce as part of a team tasked with developing a reusable spacecraft for British aerospace.
and extremely difficult to compress Bond says. Rolls-royce and The british government doubtful that an easy and economical solution existed canceled the program's funding.
NASA and Lockheed martin meanwhile had their own plans for a fully reusable spacecraft the Venturestar intended as an affordable replacement for the partially reusable space shuttle.
Eliminating the expendable rockets needed to boost the shuttle into space could theoretically reduce the cost of launches from $10000 per pound to $1000 per pound.
which if true could in its first year recoup the money spent in R&d and construction leaving only expenses like fuel maintenance and overhead.
And Bond's engine technology aside from keeping a launch vehicle intact from start to finish offers another advantage:
supersonic aviation. It could enable an aircraft to fly anywhere in the world in under four hours says Bond.
When air strikes an engine at five times the speed of sound it can heat up to nearly 2000 degrees Fahrenheit.
Bond's solution is a heat exchanger that works by running cold liquid helium through an array of tubes with paper-thin metal walls.
Each pound you put into orbit requires about 10 pounds or so of fuel to get it there says NASA's Dumbacher.
Ya just got to adore a ben engine that can fly to space develop by an engineer with the last name of Bond!
but at the time cost nearly $5 per pound. â ##What we don t know is
Lockheed martin which won the contract for supporting the U s. Antarctic program in 2011 could decide it s not financially feasible to reopen the station given the large investment already made in opening it once.#
I kept hearing other people tell me how much money they can make online so I decided to look into it.
and at prices low enough for practical use. Some drugs are entirely fake. Others contain an ineffective amount of medicine.
Its goal is less than a dollar per test. And at that price, it's potentially the cheapest system yet s
#Scientists Create First Cloned Human Embryo Scientists have made an embryonic clone of a person using DNA from that person's skin cells.
With acceptance of an embryo as a commodity to be slice and dice and exploit for science moral reduces humanity to a commodity as well.
There is one good declaration of science in developing the sheep embryo to full term and adulthood.
and make a commodity of embryos for they are full human life. This is not religion but good morals and values human life without measure.
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