as well as withstanding high-energy impact collisions. Though they aren't very familiar to the public,
it demonstrated the same shielding properties for high-energy gamma rays, though its density was lower.
and their energy absorption capabilities, make the material a good candidate for various nuclear structural applications. n
and/or heat In an effort to improve the energy efficiency of building, researchers have sought to develop windows that change transparency to let more light
Girls from Nepal Group Home Jump into Action Providing Earthquake Relief Researchers at the University of Brighton in the UK have come up with a ibrating barrier (Viba) that absorbs the energy from an earthquake
When the ground motion from a quake hits the building, the energy passes through the foundation to the Viba instead of into the structure itself.
For LG, appliances can go into an energy saving mode when users are not at home, or the Whirlpool washing machine can run on a quieter setting
but that doesn mean that saving energy is unimportant to consumers. For instance Whirlpool appliances will be able to integrate with Nest Rush hour Rewards utility program. his is definitely something we will see more of as we add utility partners and Works with Nest partners, Ha Thai,
where the grid is strained on the hottest days of the year. Now that devices are ready to interact with the grid,
utilities will have to develop novel pricing programs that can take advantage of the devices. Chargepoint is one of the companies that also announced it is integrating its residential EV charger with the Nest thermostat h
and Wind Incentives Permanent President Obama just unveiled a $3. 99 trillion budget for 2016 that asks Congress for a permanent extension of tax credits for the solar and wind industry.
In a section titled Improving Incentives for Research and Clean energy the 2016 budget proposal includes a request for $7. 4 billion for clean energy technologies along with a shopping list of funding and incentives for the renewable sector
and nuclear power industries. Although the Republican-controlled Senate and House will not approve this budget or enact permanent extensions of the tax credits the proposal signals that the administration will support some preservation of the solar Investment Tax credit (ITC) and the wind power Production Tax credit (PTC).
The U s. Department of energy provides about 75 percent of the clean energy technology funding. The 2016 request is a 9 percent increase over 2015 levels.
Grid Modernization: $356 million Supercritical CO2: $44 million to establish a 10-megawatt scale pilot Supercritical Transformational Electric power facility Subsurface Engineering:
$244 million for new wellbore systems, seismic research Energy-Water Nexus: $38 million to increase efficiency of these connected resources Exascale Computing:
$273 million Cybersecurity: $305 million to improve the cybersecurity of the DOE and the energy sector Some other budget highlights:
$4 billion for The Clean Power State Incentive Fund: Money to support states exceeding the minimum requirements that were established in the Clean Power Plan $2. 72 billion for energy efficiency $325 million for the Advanced Research Projects Agency,
including R&d for transformational clean energy technologies $907. 6 million for nuclear energy for R&d in advanced reactor
and fuel cycle technologies, as well as technical support for the licensing of small modular reactors $560 million for fossil energy R&d to advance carbon capture
and storage and natural gas technologies $270. 1 million for electricity delivery and energy reliability grid modernization activities $257 million for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve to operate
and increase the system durability and reliability $5. 34 billion for Science to continue to lead basic research in the physical sciences $8. 8 billion for weapons activities to ensure a safe, secure,
"Non-energy related budget requests include: $60 billion over ten years for students to attend community college for free $478 billion over six years for surface transportation improvements $146 billion for research and development $5 billion in start-up funding
#Can Microinverters Stabilize Hawaii's Shaky Grid? Hawaii leads the nation in rooftop solar penetration, with nearly one in nine customers,
About three-fifths of those Hawaiian solar systems use microinverters from Enphase, the company that leads the market for DC-to-AC devices that sit at the solar panels themselves, rather than in one big box next to the power meter.
each networked to the company cloud-based monitoring and control systems, ready to do things beyond simple solar-to-grid power conversion.
when grid fluctuations arise. Standard settings for low-voltage ride-through (LVRT), however, can make the original disruption worse
This is the kind of basic mart inverterfunctionality that Germany has introduced already for its solar-impacted grid.
two-way communications channel, allows Enphase to do remote firmware upgrades, monitor grid conditions, and ask inverters to provide reactive power
or ramping mitigation as a irtual power plant, all from the company Petaluma, Calif. headquarters, Nahi noted. e are talking about a distributed resource that is on tens of thousands
bidirectional communications technology that allows us not only to know what is happening with the solar systems and the grid,
he noted--a significant share of energy in a state whose largest fossil-fuel-fired power plant generates 180 megawatts.
Enphase is far from the only player in the distributed solar universe that had the foresight to connect its inverters to a two-way communications network.
Third-party solar provider Solarcity, for example, has worked with HECO and Department of energy researchers to show that smart inverter technologies can allow more solar per circuit--an important concession for HECO,
but also how well the grid is performing in those areas as well, he noted. n many cases,
we have more insight into the grid performance than the utility does, because we have the two-way communications network.
That valuable data in states like California that are demanding that their utilities start to incorporate the growth of distributed energy into their long-range grid investment plans.
#Meet Milli 5 Silver Spring#s Tiny Wireless Smart grid Node Silver Spring Networks wants to push wireless connectivity beyond smart meters
and grid sensors out to all kinds of remote devices--including those that aren plugged into the power grid.
and is meant to keep all sorts of battery-powered devices connected to the network for up to twenty years,
using the same IPV6 addressing that connects Silver Spring grid-powered devices. Silver Spring announced the Milli 5 as part of a broader launch of its new Gen5 technology platform
Cisco and Itron are using 802.15. 4g wireless for their smart grid and smart city efforts and Toshiba Landis+Gyr is using it for its 27-million smart meter deployment in Tokyo,
But battery-powered wireless devices are a trickier matter, requiring careful management of just how much electricity is being used to receive
and respond to the constant signals being passed back and forth amongst meshed devices. Silver Spring Milli 5 is one-seventh as big as the company's previous networking node, with a fivefold reduction in power consumption--all while increasing range and operational life. n the utility space,
any asset they have in the field, they expect to be able to talk to it, Don Reeves,
but can effectively use that electricity to run digital devices, at least not without expensive alterations.
Competitors like Itron, Sensus and Landis+Gyr are also working on smaller devices, ubiquitous network coverage, distributed intelligence and the like,
and while these streetlight communications modules don need batteries to run, they may want to talk to traffic lights
Former Opponent Touts Nuclear power at Chicago Event Not too long ago, Carol Browner would have sided with the activists clad in white hazmat suits protesting nuclear power outside the City Club's lunch Tuesday in downtown Chicago.
a speaker touting the benefits of nuclear power. With 6 percent of nuclear power in the U s. under financial threat, nuclear proponents are attempting to win over environmental activists.
Who better to send the message that nuclear power is a"clean"form of power and worth saving than Browner
who changed her mind and began advocating for nuclear power in 2011. Washington post: White house Opens Up Southern Atlantic coast to Offshore Drilling The Obama administration on Tuesday outlined a politically fraught plan for allowing oil drilling in U s. coastal waters,
announcing steps to open parts of the southeastern U s. coastline for oil leasing while imposing new restrictions on environmentally fragile waters off Alaska North Slope.
The proposals, intended to set a course for coastal energy development into the next decade, sought to strike a balance between soaring demand for energy production
and White house priorities to protect sensitive environments, particularly in the Arctic. EE Markets: Who Got What in Energy efficiency Venture capital?
So it may seem like energy storage is the big star these days. But it turns out that there were just as many energy efficiency venture capital deals last year, according to a new report.
CB Insights ranked energy efficiency and energy storage as tied for third place, along with green/environmental software for venture capital deals in 2014.
The three each captured 8 percent of the greentech VC pie, according to the data company report, he 2014 U s. Venture capital Year in Review.
Researchers Tout Solar panels Made With erovskitemineral A new generation of solar panels made from a mineral called perovskite has the potential to convert solar energy into household electricity more cheaply than ever before, according to a study from Britain Exeter University.
they can both shade windowsnd at the same time produce electricity, he said e
#The Case for Long-Duration Storage: Net Electricity Load in Calif. Is 5 Years Ahead of Schedule On January 11, 2015, a rather unremarkable Sunday earlier this month,
the California Independent System Operator daily duck curve was approximately 1, 500 megawatts below where it is projected to be in 2020.
That means that CAISO is operating the grid, this month, at net load (that is the system demand less solar and wind generation) more than five years ahead of forecast.
California needs more energy storage to match the duck curve Experiencing this net load years ahead of the CAISO forecast has placed not the California grid in crisis. The state's grid has sufficient flexibility today to accommodate the rapid rise of solar power,
which is the primary driver of change in CAISO grid operations. However, with the January 2015 milestone landing well beyond the 2020 forecast,
Long-duration energy storage offers both the benefits of grid flexibility similar to flexible gas plants, and the reuse of zero-marginal-cost midday solar during the evening energy ramp.
Long-duration energy storage unique functionality uncaps the limits to growth of solar in California--and beyond.
Beyond air quality and climate change mitigation benefits, California abundant renewable energy resources provide energy with zero marginal cost and zero fuel price volatility to our citizens,
California energy agencies are already collaborating to accelerate penetration of energy storage. Several promising long-duration energy storage technologies are now in early commercial operation homegrown in California with support from the California Energy Commission and the U s. Department of energy.
The CPUC can pull out the playbook that bestowed California with an abundance of solar energy and use it again with energy storage.
long-duration energy storage technologies to market so that they can deliver at scale in 2018--not sometime in the next decade.
Scale drives cost reduction for storage We are already witnessing the impact of manufacturing scale on cost for lithium-ion batteries being bid into the electricity market.
A variety of emerging long-duration energy storage technologies will also experience the rapid cost reduction that inevitably follows commercial scale.
I have had the opportunity to see inside the proto-factories of a range of emerging long-duration energy storage technologies,
Utility contracts from the current round of energy storage procurement can provide the market pull for long-duration energy storage technology.
However, CAISO did experience multiple days with negative real-time energy pricing during 2014 demonstrating the limitations to system economics given today substantial supply of inflexible generation participating in the energy market.
Since Christmas week 2013, the system operator has been helpfully posting actual net load. You can find the daily duck as the last chart here,
we have the abundant solar and wind resources, the innovative companies, and the open energy storage procurement proceeding that can, at a modest scale, kick-start the long-duration energy storage market.
#Which Grid-Edge Startups Are Raising the Most Capital? Nowhere is investor interest in energy solutions more apparent than at the grid edge. 2014 saw a dramatic increase in venture capital and private equity investment in companies developing innovative solutions, particularly energy storage, demand
-side management and energy data analytics technologies. Though the amount of investment hasn returned quite to the peak reached in 2011,
the number of deals and the number of vendors receiving funding is higher than ever.
In the process of writing the newly released M&a and VC at the Grid Edge report, we looked at
It true that money doesn guarantee the success of a grid-edge startup. After all Better Place raised around $850 million before closing up shop.
Energy storage and fuel cells The two outliers in this category are Boston-Power and Bloom energy. Boston-Power has raised up to $450 million for its lithium-ion battery technology over the past five years.
But the company has combined investment and grants in official press releases, so that total is a ceiling rather than an exact figure.
Fuel-cell vendor Bloom energy isn far behind having raised a reported $410 million since 2010, though the company has been officially silent on recent investments (leaving reporters to sift through emails from fund managers).
Beyond the outliers, many of the 50-some startups developing grid storage technologies have closed on significant financing.
GTM Research Grid Edge 100: M&a and VC at the Grid Edge The comparison isn exactly apples to apples.
Stem and Green Charge Networks are competing over C&i customers looking to manage their energy bills,
which requires project financing to allow the two companies to offer energy storage systems at no upfront cost.
Atieva has focused initially on the EV market. Aquion and Ambri have landed both large deals in the process of commercializing novel battery technologies,
though Aquion two-year age advantage makes a direct funding comparison with Ambri difficult. Demand-side management As the demand response market consolidates, there a high level of investment activity among home and building energy management providers.
Nest was a leader in investment raised having closed three rounds prior to its acquisition, one
Here the next tier among the nearly 50 energy management providers receiving funding over the past five years.
Top-Funded Home and Building Energy management Startups, 2010-2014 Source: GTM Research Grid Edge 100:
M&a and VC at the Grid Edge As the oldest of the group, Gridpoint has raised an exceptional amount of capital over an exceptional amount of time.
The C&i energy management company has disclosed well over $200 million in investment since its founding in 2003.
Enlighted has raised also significant capital as it has broadened its solution from lighting controls to a more comprehensive set of building energy management applications.
On the residential side, Greenwave Systems and Alertme have made energy management a central component of their connected home platforms.
Ecofactor has focused exclusively on residential demand response and energy efficiency. Soft grid It cheaper to commercialize software than hardware.
The average venture deal size for soft grid or data analytics, startups was less than half of the same for grid-edge hardware startups.
Even so, several of the 40 companies receiving funding since 2010 have raised notable amounts of capital.
Figure: Top-Funded Soft Grid Startups, 2010-2014 Source: GTM Research Grid Edge 100: M&a and VC at the Grid Edge Prior to its public offering in 2014,
Opower raised a $50 million C round in 2010 for its consumer energy use data analytics and reporting.
Competing provider Tendril, which has shifted its focus from energy management hardware to software, has continued to bring in new funding.
SCIENERGY recently reemerged from stealth with new funding for software to streamline financing for commercial energy efficiency projects.
C3 has raised at least $38 million since 2010 for data analytics covering both sides of the meter.
And Space-time Insight, which visualizes grid data for utilities, has closed two deals worth well above the average for soft-grid vendors.
A word of caution It important to note that analyzing VC investments is an imperfect science.
Companies may keep deals confidential, may announce them late or may keep the amounts invested under wraps.
Other companies avoid VC investment entirely to insulate themselves from the expectations of outside investors.
Still, the available data allows us to draw conclusions about the emergence and consolidation of different markets serving grid needs r
#Will 2015 Be a Breakthrough Year for Storage in the UK? The United kingdom has no clear government policy on energy storage
The U k. Electricity Storage Network is expecting a Minister from the Department of energy and Climate change (DECC) to participate in its annual meeting.
And to crown it all the U k. currently has the biggest battery in Europe. So is storage really taking off?
(or soon will be provided by batteries and 5 megawatts by mainly uninterruptible power supply flywheel systems. There are also experimental compressed air,
cryogenic thermal and flow battery projects ongoing. That 3, 300-megawatt total compares quite favorably with 7, 600 megawatts in Germany and 6, 560 megawatts in California,
a state with similar energy requirements to the U k. But there's a push for much more. toring energy will become increasingly important in the move toward a low-carbon economy
and has the potential to save the energy system over £4 billion $6 billion by 2050,
Some argue that energy storage can help save consumers money by possibly reducing new grid buildout.
Anthony Price, director of the Electricity Storage Network, explains: The UK electricity and natural gas regulator Ofgem has calculated that it will cost £50 billion $76 billion to rewire Britain.
This will be to provide flexibility in the grid and allow the integration of more renewables,
add resilience to the grid, and to improve energy efficiency across the grid. If you look at energy storage,
it can help meet all three of those requirements. So we can spend £50 billion on rewiring the country,
or we can have more energy storage. Price organization is lobbying for a minimum 2, 000 megawatts of new network-connected electricity storage by the year 2020.
A fairly modest figure this represents less than 10 percent of the predicted increase in renewable generation capacity over the same time period.
The most prominent of these is the Smarter Network Storage project, better known as the biggest battery in Europe.
the battery is designed to explore alternative revenue streams for storage, while deferring traditional network reinforcement. Numerous early-stage projects have emerged.
Highview Power won funding for a demonstration of its liquid air storage technology. REDT is developing a vanadium redox flow battery for storing wind and wave power in Scotland.
And Isentropic is building a demonstration project for its cryogenic energy storage technology. Domestic solar-plus-storage is also taking off in the U k. Last September,
SMA launched its Sunny Boy Smart energy PV inverter and battery system. Sharp followed suit at the end of last year by offering a solar-and-storage device that uses Samsung batteries.
Bosch is hoping for certification of a solar-storage inverter next month and various other solar players, such as Renesola of China, seem to be clamoring to enter the U k. market.
These companies could be looking to cash in on growth in U k. solar installations. While much of the European solar market has suffered from a slowdown last year,
One solution for boosting domestic supply of residential storage systems is to leverage vehicle battery manufacturers,
"The U k. is home to one of the only electric vehicle battery plants in the world, the Nissan plant in Tyneside.
These car batteries could offer good potential for small-scale energy storage applications, "said Gordon. In the meantime, storage supporters like Gordon are looking for clearer support signals from the government. s solar storage is still a developing technology,
EU Utilities Trapped in'Coal Death Spiral'The share values of Europe biggest utilities have plummeted after the energy companies backed outdated business models that rely on coal,
Germany E ON and RWE, France GDF SUEZ, Électricité de france, and Italy Enel are named in the analysis, which found heavily coal-reliant utilities fared worse.
Fortune: What One Startup CEO Learned From Handling Apple's Homekit Mess While Apple may claim that its Homekit support isn delayed,
#Harvard Organic Flow battery Under Development in Europe Last year, the Harvard School of engineering and Applied sciences demonstrated a flow battery concept in the laboratory that used organic quinone molecules as the basis for its electrolyte.
The most expensive component of flow systems is often the electrolyte. Many current and prototype systems use elements such as vanadium,
he jumped on a plane from Rome to Boston for a meeting with Dr. Aziz, the battery project's director,
Green energy Storage was founded and secured exclusive licensing rights for the technology and the products it yields in the 28 European union nations,
We spoke to Angelo Aliquò, a senior partner with Management Innovation and long-time energy industry consultant,
Green energy Storage has attracted already around half a million dollars of share capital and is close to securing tens of millions more, Aliquò revealed.
"We have attracted a lot of interest from two or three very big European companies in the energy market."
Green energy Storage is in negotiations to sign up suppliers in Europe and the U s. for the various component parts that will be needed
which markets will Green energy Storage's organic flow system be aimed? First, the company plans to attack the domestic storage market with systems of 5-to 20-kilowatt-hours,
designed to hold around four hours of electricity. These should be on sale in 2017, according to current plans.
Next, Aliquò wants to take a slice of the utility market by launching a grid-scale range sometime in 2018.
Aliquò lists the many advantages of the flow battery technology, particularly the projected cost savings. And unless the Green energy Storage team substantially modifies Harvard's technology,
the battery will also use other inexpensive elements, such as carbon electrodes. He also cites the fact that quinones are natural
organic products that present little or no health risk. These molecules are also highly stable, even at fairly high temperatures,
and are less likely than other electrolyte options to cross the battery membrane, thanks to the organic molecules'size and charge.
Another advantage claimed for organic flow batteries is the high solubility of quinones in aqueous solutions, allowing for energy densities that are orders of magnitude higher than lead-acid, lithium-ion,
and vanadium redox flow chemistries. Tags: green energy storage, harvard, organic flow battery, redox flow batter l
#Can $4b in Clean energy Investment Come Fast enough? The White house announced more than $4 billion in commitments at a Clean energy Investment Summit on Tuesday to scale up clean energy companies and address climate change. here not a single reason...
that by 2020 renewables can be 20 percent of U s. energy, said Vice president Joe Biden. nd that the floor, not the ceiling.
One of the reasons that hasn happened yet is because of funding limitations facing early-stage cleantech companies.
The money will come from philanthropists, universities, big banks and environmental nonprofits. The committed funds are more than double the goal of the President Obama Clean energy Investment Initiative that was announced earlier this year.
One of the key efforts will be to bring philanthropy to early-stage, high-risk and high-impact cleantech investments. nly with the private sector can we even mostly realize the possibility of this energy transformation,
said Biden. ur energy future is in cleaner, cheaper renewable energy. A new organization, PRIME Coalition, is committed to helping foundations manage the complex pipeline process of vetting candidates and helping to lower transaction costs for foundations,
as well as ensuring theye adhering to the proper tax rules. Along with PRIME, Cleantech Syndicate announced on Tuesday a merger with CREO Network to become CREO Syndicate.
energy and climate impact. or the folks who already are active for doing deals in this area,
a telecom entrepreneur with a family foundation, gives away millions each year to projects in the energy sector.
it is imperative that we find ways to incentivize the global capital markets to invest in clean energy,
#24m Unveils the Reinvented Lithium-Ion Battery Five years ago, M24 Technologies spun out from parent company A123 with plans to turn a mysterious,
semisolid electrode material into a revolution in how lithium-ion batteries are designed and built. Back then, cofounder and Massachusetts institute of technology professor Yet-Ming Chiang described a lean sheet of paperapproach, combining concepts from flow batteries and fuel cells,
and stripping the modern lithium-ion battery architecture of all its inactive materials and complex manufacturing steps.
On Monday, the Cambridge, Mass. -based startup unveiled the results--a lithium-ion battery that it says can be built at $100 per kilowatt-hour at scale,
or half the cost of today competition. And by using a fluid-like set of electrodes that can be formed into a working cell in one step,
24m says its manufacturing facilities could be one-tenth the cost of today battery plants,
modular packages. obody ever made a battery this way, Chiang said in a phone interview last week. 24m has made about 10,000 test cells so far,
Compared to the multi-stage process used in today lithium-ion batteries, it implified, streamlined, with a lot of metrology,
By early 2017, the startup intends to start producing utility-scale grid storage batteries, using lithium iron phosphate as the cathode and graphite as the anode,
These include Japan IHI, a major manufacturer of jet engines, power turbines and other heavy industrial equipment;
as well as established battery giants like Samsung, Panasonic and LG Chem. Breakthroughs being promised by startups with new nano-structured materials and designs, such as Amprius, Nanosys,
could enable even greater performance and cost improvements for traditional battery designs. And outside lithium-ion batteries, a host of new chemistries from startups such as Aquion, Eos Energy storage and a long list of flow battery contenders are promising low-cost
multi-hour energy storage solutions at utility scale. Given the novelty of what 24m is promising, it likely to be met with a skeptical eye by the industry until it starts delivering a testable product at scale.
As GTM Research analyst Ravi Manghani noted, s with any new technology, it boils down to financeability and execution at their end, both
So how does 24m approach make for an entirely new way of designing and building lithium-ion batteries?
During 24m early days, Chiang and startup cofounder and fellow MIT professor W. Craig Carter saw its semisolid electrode material--dubbed ambridge crudefor its MIT roots--as a material to be used in flow batteries,
In simple terms, t a fluid that can conduct electricity. A friend of mine referred to it as a liquid wire
Chiang said last week. urthermore, it stores a ton of energy. The startup received early funding from the Department of energy ARPA-E program to explore the potential uses for this material. e originally conceived of using this type of electrode in a flow battery,
he said. ut what we realized upon forming the company was that this semisolid electrode capability had a much better home--reinventing how lithium-ion batteries are made.
Chiang identified two main problems in today lithium-ion battery design. ne is that the current lithium-ion battery itself contains a great deal of material that doesn store any energy
he said. He referring to the inactive material that layered between the super-thin electrodes that allow today lithium-ion batteries to charge
and discharge quickly. aving a thin electrode means that the distance the lithium ion has to travel is short--and in the beginning,
and to create a battery that has much thicker electrodes, and thus much less inactive materials. p until now, it has not been possible to create electrodes that are this thick
with an electrolyte material in between. he electrolyte lies between the two layers, but it also permeates both of the electrodes.
That necessary for the lithium ions to get out of the back of the battery, he said.
is a battery cell that combines high energy capacity and high current density in the same set of materials,
as compared to typical lithium-ion batteries for power tools, tablets and electric vehicles. At the same time, e believe these to be the safest lithium-ion batteries ever created,
he said, largely due to the lack of brittle, breakable separator materials within the battery cells.
To prove that, 24m shared a series of photographs of a test pouch cell being folded up like an accordion
we left the battery on the shelf for a month and it still worked, he said.
That not just a safety bonus--it also shows that you can shape the battery,
Chiang said. hy does a conventional lithium-ion battery plant have to be so expensive and so large?
First of all, a conventional lithium-ion battery plant starts with metal foil, and then layers liquid nk or painton it to form its electrodes,
All of these steps you would normally use to make a battery electrode that would take a full day,
Others have tried to adapt similar manufacturing processes to the battery business before, he noted. or example,
people have tried to make extruded batteries, he said, but hey had to have so much plastic to make that process possible,
and a really poorly performing battery. That in contrast to 24m process, in which hat goes into the electrodes is just
cathode and electrolyte to form this perfect blend of battery performance characteristics that Chiang didn reveal in this interview.
much simpler than the processes used to make lithium-ion batteries today. he formulation process for making these electrodes is spent exacting,
using commercial off-the-shelf gear in common use in today battery manufacturing plants, as well as from industries with less of a reputation for cutting edge technology,
many gigawatt-hours of batteries produced every year. We believe the most cost-efficient way to get there is to create manufacturing modules that you can just replicate
The startup plans to build its utility-scale batteries in partnership with its strategic investors rather than licensing the technology itself,
24m technologies, a123, alevo, aquion, arpa-e, batteries, boston-power, energy storage, eos energy storage, flow battery, imergy, investors, lg chem, lithium-ion
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