Phase diagramm between 2 and 900 Kelvin Using neutron scattering experiments at the BER II research reactor,
since the kinetic energy of the atoms still suppresses the Jahn-Teller effect and magnetic ordering cannot become established.
and emit light energy is such that it can make itself--and, in applications, other very small things--appear 10,000 times as large as its physical size."
amplifying itself as the surrounding environment manipulates the physical properties of its wave energy. The researchers took advantage of this by creating an artificial material in
Much as a very thin string on a guitar can absorb a large amount of acoustic energy from its surroundings
In addition, Yu envisions simply letting the resonator emit that energy in the form of infrared light toward the sky,
While LEDS are most commonly known as an energy saving light source, they have also been known to have an antibacterial effect.
But the energy and temperature scale in unconventional magnets, like the few that have no magnetic elements,
and are capable of absorbing the energy of high impact collisions. The finding means metal foams hold promise for use in nuclear safety, space exploration and medical technology applications."
Different source materials produce gamma rays with different energies. For example, cesium and cobalt emit higher energy gamma rays, while barium and americium emit lower energy gamma rays.
The researchers found that the high-Z foam was comparable to bulk materials at blocking high-energy gamma rays,
and their energy absorption capabilities, make the material a good candidate for various nuclear structural applications
#Sticky tape and phosphorus the key to ultrathin solar cells The team used sticky tape to create single-atom thick layers,
such as LEDS or solar cells,"said lead researcher Dr Yuerui (Larry) Lu, from The Australian National University (ANU)."
which could potentially be used for applications in dry environments, such as computer hard drives, wind turbine gears, and mechanical rotating seals for microelectromechanical and nanoelectromechanical systems.
#Transparent, electrically conductive network of encapsulated silver nanowires The electrodes for connections on the"sunny side"of a solar cell need to be not just electrically conductive,
but transparent As well as a result, electrodes are made currently either by using thin strips of silver in the form of a coarse-meshed grid squeegeed onto a surface,
She then transferred this suspension with a pipette onto a substrate, in this case a silicon solar cell.
Quality map calculated Measurements of the electrical conductivity showed that the newly developed composite electrode is comparable to a conventional silver grid electrode.
cost-effective alternative to conventional screen-printed grid electrodes and to the common ITO type that is threatened
who heads the Institute of Nanoarchitectures for Energy conversion at HZB and additionally directs a project team at the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light (MPL).
while conventional silver grid electrodes require closer to between 15 and 20 grams of silver.
In addition, the new electrode casts a considerably smaller shadow on the solar cell.""The network of silver nanowires is so fine that almost no light for solar energy conversion is lost in the cell due to the shadow,
On the contrary, she hopes"it might even be possible for the silver nanowires to scatter light into the solar cell absorbers in a controlled fashion through
and agricultural activity than is the case for the energy sector. The paper noted a gulf between global efforts to reduce the climate impacts of deforestation,
which act as tiny energy-generating batteries inside cells, and which, if faulty, can cause inherited conditions such as fatal heart problems, liver failure,
In 2006 the state passed a law mandating that it buy less coal fired energy. The Los angeles Department of Water and Power is now also selling its stake in the Navajo Generating station to invest in clean energy alternatives,
though the plant (which generates more climate-warming gases than almost any other plant in the nation) will continue pumping Colorado river water to Arizona.
how Las vegas'water chief preached conservation while backing growth and all about the power plant that's fueling America's drought.
despite the fiery sheaths of superhot plasma around them, researchers say. The technology might also help keep communication lines open to other hypersonic vehicles,
This so-called"plasma sheath"acts as a mirror against electromagnetic signals under most conditions cutting off radio communications with anything outside the vehicle.
because sharp-nosed vehicles have thinner plasma sheaths than blunt-nosed ones. But sometimes, blunt-nosed bodies are preferable
Other approaches involve using magnetic fields to control the plasma sheath or injecting water or other liquids into the plasma sheath to make it more permeable to radio signals,
but these methods require extra power and weight, respectively. Now, Gao and his colleague Binhao Jiang, also of the Harbin Institute of technology, reveal they might be able to use the plasma sheath itself to enhance signals from antennas to maintain communications during hypersonic flight."
"We may have found a novel approach to solve the communication blackout problem, "Gao told Space. com. The researchers explained that,
The researchers suggested adding a carefully designed layer of electrically insulating material onto communications antennas that would essentially store electrical energy.
In combination with the plasma sheath this"matched layer"would generate resonant conditions during hypersonic flight,
For the resonance to work, the thickness of this matched layer and the plasma sheath must be smaller than the wavelengths of the radio signals used for communication, the scientists noted.
The properties of the plasma sheath can vary during flight, complicating any efforts to generate resonance,
"We don't need to know exactly the properties of the plasma layer, but we need to know the ranges for these properties,
nor does it consume additional energy or require extra weight. Still, Gao cautioned that this finding is only a theoretical prediction."
A group of researchers from the University of Washington were able to send energy from a Wi-fi router to low power electronics from up to 28 feet away,
a temperature sensor, a camera, a coin battery charger and the AA battery charger shown above.
In their tests, they were able to operate the camera up to 17 feet away, the temperature sensor up to 20ft away and the battery chargers up to 28 feet away from their router.
The researchers hope that their technology will lead to battery-free sensors and mobile devices that are powered continuously by Wi-fi routers.
It also can harness the energy generated from typing to either power itself or another small device.
#Laser-generated surface structures create extremely water-repellent metals Super-hydrophobic properties could lead to applications in solar panels,
#Perovskites provide big boost to silicon solar cells Stacking perovskites onto a conventional silicon solar cell dramatically improves the overall efficiency of the cell,
The researchers describe their novel perovskite-silicon solar cell in this week edition of the journal Energy & Environmental science. ee been looking for ways to make solar panels that are more efficient and lower cost,
said study co-author Michael Mcgehee, a professor of materials science and engineering at Stanford. ight now, silicon solar cells dominate the world market,
but the power conversion efficiency of silicon photovoltaics has been stuck at 25 percent for 15 years.
One cost-effective way to improve efficiency is to build a tandem device made of silicon and another inexpensive photovoltaic material,
Mcgehee said. ou simply put one solar cell on top of the other, and you get more efficiency than either could do by itself.
iodide and methylammonium could convert sunlight into electricity with an efficiency of 3. 8 percent.
rivaling commercially available silicon solar cells and spawning widespread interest among silicon manufacturers. ur goal is to leverage the silicon factories that already exist around the world,
co-lead author of the study. ith tandem solar cells, you don need a billion-dollar capital expenditure to build a new factory.
Sunlight to electricity Solar cells work by converting photons of sunlight into an electric current that moves between two electrodes.
Silicon solar cells generate electricity by absorbing photons of visible and infrared light, while perovskite cells harvest only the visible part of the solar spectrum where the photons have more energy.
Microscopic cross-section of a tandem solar cell made with two photovoltaic materials, perovskite stacked on top of CIGS (copper indium gallium diselenide).
COURTESY: Colin Bailie, Stanford bsorbing the high-energy part of the spectrum allows perovskite solar cells to generate more power per photon of visible light than silicon cells,
Bailie said. A key roadblock to building an efficient perovskite-silicon tandem has been a lack of transparency. olin had to figure out how to put a transparent electrode on the top
Mcgehee said. o one had made ever a perovskite solar cell with two transparent electrodes. Perovskites are damaged easily by heat and readily dissolve in water.
This inherent instability ruled out virtually all of the conventional techniques for applying electrodes onto the perovoskite solar cell
Remarkable efficiency For the experiment, the Stanford team stacked a perovskite solar cell with an efficiency of a 12.7 percent on top of a low-quality silicon cell with an efficiency of just 11.4 percent. y combining two cells
In another experiment, the research team replaced the silicon solar cell with a cell made of copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS.
it might be possible to upgrade conventional solar cells into higher-performing tandems with little increase in cost,
We have a ways to go to show that perovskite solar cells are stable enough to last 25 years.
#Floating wind turbines bring electricity where it#s needed It a balloon that lifts a wind turbine. That the easiest way to describe the technology being developed by Altaeros Energies,
led by Ben Glass, inventor and CEO of the young company. Glass has reimagined the possibilities of balloon
and airship technology to lift a wind turbine. Most wind turbine manufacturers are competing to build taller turbines to harness more powerful winds above 500 feet,
or 150 meters. Altaeros is going much higher with their novel Buoyant Airborne Turbine: the BAT.
The Altaeros BAT can reach 2, 000 feet, or 600 meters. Credit: Altaeros Energies Most wind turbine manufacturers are competing to build taller turbines to harness more powerful winds above 500 feet,
or 150 meters. Altaeros is going much higher with their novel Buoyant Airborne Turbine: the BAT.
The Altaeros BAT can reach 2, 000 feet, or 600 meters. Credit: Altaeros Energies Aiming high Most wind turbine manufacturers are competing to build taller turbines to harness more powerful winds above 500 feet,
or 150 meters. Altaeros is going much higher with their novel Buoyant Airborne Turbinehe BAT.
As a result, the BAT can generate more than twice the energy of a similarly rated tower-mounted turbine.
The helium-inflatable shell channels wind through a lightweight wind turbine. The shell self-stabilizes and produces aerodynamic lift, in addition to buoyancy.
Remote customers typically pay over $0. 30/kwh USD for electricity. The BAT has the potential to bring affordable wind energy to these communities and industries.
The first model will provide enough electricity for a small community, or about a dozen American homes.
Altaeros Energies Remote customers typically pay over $0. 30/kwh USD for electricity. The BAT has the potential to bring affordable wind energy to these communities and industries.
The first model will provide enough electricity for a small community, or about a dozen American homes.
Altaeros Energies The BAT automated control system ensures safe and efficient operation, the highlight of which is the capability to adjust altitude autonomously for optimal power output.
Reaching customers Diesel generators are the standard in power generation for rural and off-grid areas.
and diesel generators, though inexpensive to install, are expensive to operate and maintain. As a result, remote customers typically pay more than 30 cents per kilowatt-hour for electricity.
The BAT has the potential to bring affordable wind energy to these communities and industries. The first model will provide enough electricity for a small community,
or about a dozen American homes. Combined with significant increases in energy output and the ability to install the unit in 24 hours,
the BAT substantially reduces the cost of energy and time to reach customersenergy needs. In the future, Altaeros expects to deploy the BAT alongside first responders in emergency response situations
when access to the electric grid is unavailable. Much like other tethered balloons, the Altaeros BAT can lift communication,
Internet and sensory equipment alongside the turbine to provide additional services for customers. The addition of payload equipment does not affect the BAT performance.
Scaling up Altaeros was founded in 2010 at the Massachusetts institute of technology. The company has received NSF Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grants Phase
and to develop its modular wind turbine for power performance and ease of installation. Altaeros recently received Series A funding of $7 million dollars for the continued development and commercialization of its technology. he new products being developed by the team at Altaeros are exciting
because they have the potential to offer a new method for energy generation which is portable, reliable,
energy storage devices that are important for portable, flexible electronics. The Rice lab of chemist James Tour discovered last year that firing a laser at an inexpensive polymer burned off other elements and left a film of porous graphene, the much-studied atom-thick
The sections are stacked then with solid electrolytes in between for a multilayer sandwich with multiple microsupercapacitors.
Capacitors use an electrostatic charge to store energy they can release quickly, to a camera flash, for example.
Unlike chemical-based rechargeable batteries, capacitors charge fast and release all their energy at once when triggered.
But chemical batteries hold far more energy. Supercapacitors combine useful qualities of both the fast charge/discharge of capacitors and high-energy capacity of batteries into one package.
LIG supercapacitors appear able to do all that with the added benefits of flexibility and scalability.
The flexibility ensures they can easily conform to varied packages they can be rolled within a cylinder,
Ripples, wrinkles and sub-10-nanometer pores in the surface and atomic-level imperfections give LIG its ability to store a lot of energy.
while thin-film lithium ion batteries are able to store more energy, LIG supercapacitors of the same size offer three times the performance in power (the speed at which energy flows).
And the LIG devices can easily scale up for increased capacity. ee demonstrated that these are going to be excellent components of the flexible electronics that will soon be embedded in clothing and consumer goods,
#Carbon nanotube finding could lead to flexible electronics with longer battery life University of Wisconsin-Madison materials engineers have made a significant leap toward creating higher-performance electronics with improved battery life and the ability to flex
##Single-photon emission enhancement#seen as step toward quantum technologies Researchers have demonstrated a new way to enhance the emission of single photons by using yperbolic metamaterials,
Optical metamaterials harness clouds of electrons called surface plasmons to manipulate and control light. Purdue University researchers had created previously uperlatticesfrom layers of the metal titanium nitride and the dielectric,
the new metamaterial is compatible with the complementary metalxideemiconductor manufacturing process used to construct integrated circuits.
The metamaterial is said to be hyperbolic, meaning it possesses unique properties leading to the increased output of light.
In new findings the researchers have demonstrated how attaching nanodiamonds containing itrogen-vacancy centersto the new metamaterial further enhances the production of single photons, workhorses of quantum information processing,
cryptography and communications technologies. hese results indicate that the brightness of the nanodiamond-based single-photon emitter could be enhanced substantially by placing such an emitter on the surface of the hyperbolic metamaterial,
Placing a nanodiamond containing an NV center on the surface of hyperbolic metamaterials not only enhances the emission of photons,
Metamaterials have engineered surfaces that contain features, patterns or elements, such as tiny antennas or alternating layers of nitrides that enable unprecedented control of light.
Future research may include work to improve the system with devices that combine the hyperbolic metamaterial with nanoantennas
#Chemists one step closer to new generation of electric car battery Lithium sulphur (Li-S) batteries can theoretically power an electric car three times further than current lithium-ion batteries for the same weight at much
Chemistry Professor Linda Nazar and her research team in the Faculty of science at the University of Waterloo have announced a breakthrough in Li-S battery technology based on chemical process discovered 170 years ago. his is a major step forward
and brings the Li-S battery one step closer to reality, said Nazar, who also holds the Canada Research Chair in Solid State Energy Materials
and is a Thomson Reutershighly Cited Researcher. Their discovery that nanosheets of manganese dioxide can maintain a rechargable sulphur cathode helps to overcome a primary hurdle to building a Li-S battery.
Their research appears in this week issue of Nature Communications. The fundamental mechanism at work is similar to the chemical process behind Wackenroder Solution discovered in 1845 during a golden age of German sulphur chemistry. ery few researchers study
Nazar group is known best for their 2009 Nature Materials paper demonstrating the feasibility of a Li-S battery using nanomaterials.
Sulphur as a battery material is extremely abundant, relatively light, and very cheap. Unfortunately, the sulphur cathode exhausts itself after only a few cycles
because the sulphur dissolves into the electrolyte solution as it reduced by incoming electrons to form polysulphides.
BASF International Scientific Network for Electrochemistry and Batteries funded the research. The paper co-authors include Arnd Garsuch and Thomas Weiss of BASF n
If you incinerate them at the end of their life cycle they produce additional energy without leaving residues. Nevertheless their durability and stability don't reach that of carbon fibers. epending on the application we are therefore combining carbon with various bio-based textile fibersexplains Prof.
In other cases, battery-operated radio sensors are used. But changing batteries in structures that have several windows can lead to a considerable maintenance expense.
Researchers from the Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems IMS in Duisburg therefore developed a pragmatic alternative:
The tiny sensor is coated with a solar cell and it supplies itself with power. Sensors differentiate between ball and crowbar At ten millimeters,
Thanks to this window space, the solar cell obtains adequate light, even in the darkness of winter.
First of all, they succeeded in depositing the solar cell directly onto the uneven surface of the chip.
Secondly, the chip consumes power so meagerly that energy from the miniscule solar cell spans the dark hours.
like a street profile, prior to coating it with the solar cell, vom Bögel says. Currently IMS sensor prototypes can store enough power for up to 30 hours of darkness.
In addition, the researchers constructed switches that consume little energy, and engineered very short radio protocols. e have extracted every possible microampere,
which was asking for solar cells on chips at IMS around two years ago, provided the impetus to developing the solar radio chip.
Andreas Goehlich group of developers succeeded in integrating the solar cells on the surface of the chips.
Using these solar cells, SOLCHIP seeks to monitor the street traffic for example, or the climate conditions in vineyards. s you can see,
#A Battery That Last Twice as Long A Solidenergy startup has developed a lithium-ion battery that stores far more energy.
which enables ultra-high energy density and high-efficiency electrolyte which enables high current density at room temperature.
Solid Polymer Ionic Liquid (SPIL) electrolyte enables the ultra-thin lithium metal anode and improves the cell-level energy density by 50%compared to graphite anodes
and 30%compared to silicon-composite anodes. Batteries are safe nonflammable and nonvolatile and can operate at elevated temperatures.
It can be manufactured using existing Li-ion manufacturing facility leveraging mature infrastructure. The company says its prototype can be recharged 300 times while retaining 80%of its original storage capacityloser to
#High efficiency concentrating solar cells move to the rooftop Ultra-high efficiency solar cells similar to those used in space may now be possible on your rooftop thanks to a new microscale solar concentration technology developed by an international team
of researchers. solar cells oncentrating photovoltaic (CPV) systems leverage the cost of high efficiency multi-junction solar cells by using inexpensive optics to concentrate sunlight onto them,
which is where the majority of solar panels throughout the world are installed. Giebink notes that the falling cost of typical silicon solar cells is making them a smaller and smaller fraction of the overall cost of solar electricity,
which also includes oftcosts like permitting, wiring, installation and maintenance that have remained fixed over time.
because increasing the power generated by a given system reduces the overall cost of the electricity that it generates.
the researchers combined miniaturized, gallium arsenide photovoltaic cells, 3d printed plastic lens arrays and a moveable focusing mechanism to reduce the size,
and create something similar to a traditional solar panel that can be placed on the south-facing side of a building roof.
very efficient multi-junction solar cells, said Giebink. hese cells are less than 1 square millimeter, made in large,
With each tiny solar cell located in the focus of this duo, sunlight is intensified more than 200 times.
the middle solar cell sheet tracks by sliding laterally in between the lenslet array. Previous attempts at such translation-based tracking have worked only for about two hours a day
because the focal point moves out of the plane of the solar cells, leading to loss of light and a drop in efficiency.
which allows small motors using a minimal amount of force for the mechanical tracking. he vision is that such a microtracking CPV panel could be placed on a roof in the same space as a traditional solar panel
and 99 percent of it everything except the solar cells and their wiring consists of acrylic plastic or Plexiglas,
solved one of the major challenges surrounding silicene by demonstrating that it can be made into transistors emiconductor devices used to amplify and switch electronic signals and electrical power.
These stations also have 16 charging slots for the badge flat batteries. In Medsense HQ, individuals can track, for instance,
have longer battery life and generate less heat than existing mobile devices. The first supercomputers using silicon photonics already under development at companies such as Intel
Light interaction with graphene produces particles called plasmons while light interacting with hbn produces phonons.
the plasmons and phonons can couple, producing a strong resonance. The properties of the graphene allow precise control over light,
The new machine mimics the pumping mechanism of life-sustaining proteins that move small molecules around living cells to metabolize and store energy from food.
For its food, the artificial pump draws power from chemical reactions, driving molecules step-by-step from a low energy state to a high-energy state far away from equilibrium.
Youtube video screenshotur molecular pump is radical chemistry an ingenious way of transferring energy from molecule to molecule,
The artificial pump is able to syphon off some of the energy that changes hands during a chemical reaction
but the researchers believe it won be long before they can extend its operation to tens of rings and store more energy.
that allows molecules to flow phillenergetically. his is non-equilibrium chemistry, moving molecules far away from their minimum energy state,
they intend to use the energy stored in their pump to power artificial muscles and other molecular machines.
solar panels that could be integrated into windows, and membranes to desalinate and purify water. But all these possible uses face the same big hurdle:
According to HUS, this amount of hydrogen fuel should provide as much energy as 3 kg worth of lithium batteries.
The lightweight lithium-polymer hybrid fuel cell that converts the hydrogen gas into electricity to power the rotors was developed by a sister company,
called Horizon Energy systems. y removing the design silos that typically separate the energy storage component from UAV frame development,
in-between battery and combustion engine systems, said Wankewycz. The HUS was launched this year to merge the energy systems coming from HES with UAV platforms built from the ground up.
One of the key advertised benefits of this novel quadcopter is its low operational costs:
rones are a special case of the limitations of current energy storage technology because, even more than in cars and other gadgets, there is a direct penalty for adding more batterieshe drone becomes heavier.
#Semiliquid Battery Almost As good as its Lithium Ion Counterparts and Supercapacitators Developed by researchers at the University of Texas, Austin,
the new membrane-free semiliquid battery, consisting of a liquid ferrocene electrolyte, a liquid cathode and a solid lithium anode, exhibited encouraging early results,
encompassing many of the features desired in a state-of-the-art energy storage device. A new semiliquid battery combines all that is best about its lithium ion counterparts
and supercapacitators (pictured above) to bring us closer to the next generation of energy storage devices. Findings of the study were published in a recent issue of the science journal Nano Letters. he greatest significance of our work is that we have designed a semiliquid battery based on a new chemistry,
said lead author and Assistant professor Guihua Yu. he battery shows excellent rate capability that can be charged fully
or discharged almost within one minute while maintaining good energy efficiency and reasonable energy density, representing a promising prototype liquid redox battery with both high energy density and power density for energy storage.
Combining the best elements of lithium ion batteries the most common power sources in consumer electronics with supercapacitators (a relatively new type of battery valued for its capacity to discharge energy in large bursts) has been one of the focal point of much recent
work on energy storage devices. A successful technology of this type would not only make things significantly more powerful,
but also much smaller and lighter, too, allowing them to be charged in mere minutes, rather than several hours,
as is customary today. The new battery high power density (1400 W/L) and good energy density (40 Wh/L) put it in the uniquely favorable position of combining a power density that is as high as that of current supercapacitors with an energy density on par with those of state-of-the-art
redox flow batteries and lead-acid batteries, though slightly lower than that of lithium-ion batteries. This combination is a real winner considering that the battery is designed mostly for use in hybrid electric vehicles and energy storage for renewable energy sources.
Yu and his team attribute the battery stellar performance in large part to its liquid electrode design. he ions can move through the liquid battery very rapidly compared to in a solid battery,
and the redox reactions in which the electrons are transferred between electrodes also occur at very high rates in this particular battery.
For comparison, the values used to measure these rates (the diffusion coefficient and the reaction constant) are orders of magnitude greater in the new battery than in most conventional flow batteries,
explained Lisa Zyga, reporting on the discovery for Phys. org. Before the new battery hits the shelves, researchers still have a lot of work ahead of them considering the lithium anode
which has to be made much safer than it currently is. As long as the electrolyte compatibility is resolved,
the team is also considering the use of other metals, such as zinc and magnesium that could serve as the anode in a battery of this type. e also expect that other organometallic compounds with multi-valence-state metal centers (redox centers) may also function as the anode,
which eventually would make the battery fully liquid. t
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