For the purposes of this experiment the researchers placed silica##manganese oxide eadson the matchstick material and introduced hydrogen peroxide as the chemical fuel in one particular place.
but a high dose of ethanol can blunt their fear according to new research. These findings may pave the way for new methodologies for understanding anxiety
and that this preference can be abolished by exposing the fish to ethanol. Scary robotporfiri and Macri along with students Valentina Cianca and Tiziana Bartolini hypothesized that robots could be used to induce fear as well as affinity
To determine whether alcohol would affect fear responses the researchers exposed separate groups of fish to different doses of ethanol in water.
Ethanol has been shown to influence anxiety-related responses in humans rodents and some species of fish.
The zebrafish exposed to the highest concentrations of ethanol showed remarkable changes in behavior failing to avoid the predatory robot.
Acute administration of ethanol causes no harm and has no lasting effect on zebrafish.##These results are further evidence that robots may represent an exciting new approach in evaluating
and evaluated whether the results obtained therein were sensitive to ethanol administration. They placed test subjects in a two-chamber tank with one well-lit side and one darkened side to establish which conditions were preferable.
Ethanol exposure significantly modulated these fear responses as well abolishing the preference for the light compartment
Among ethanol-exposed fish there were many more who were unaffected by the robotic predator preferred the dark compartment
Three groups of fish were treated with varying doses of ethanol in water#zero percent (control group) 0. 25 percent and 1 percent by volume.
The two ethanol-exposed groups deviated significantly from this pattern spending more time in other regions of the tank.
The process for creating Portland cement a key ingredient in modern concrete requires fossil fuels to burn calcium carbonate (limestone) and clays at about 1450 degrees Celsius (2642 degrees Fahrenheit.
When they detect the current they need for navigation they power back on slip into the current then power off again to conserve fuel as the current carries them to a target location.
although just as important considering that the warm moist air on the ocean surface provides fuel for hurricanes.
Fuel Since the Biolite will burn almost any biomass fuel; from wood, pine cones, leaves, pellets, rice husks, even dung, it means fuel need not be carried,
unlike bottles for petroleum or gas burners that cannot be carried on airplanes and must be sourced at destination.
whereby the thin gas layer that burns around a solid fuel is separated and added to oxygen to burn more efficiently.
and the vent open to allow oxygen flow before the fire is started using whatever forest fuels are available.
it's therefore easy to add more fuel simply by lifting the pan and popping more in.
or less fuel, will create a smaller flame for simmering. When you wish to extinguish it you can
either allow the fan to keep adding oxygen till all the fuel runs out, or by swilling the coals in any remaining cooking water and pouring into a small hole nearby.
As there is no dependency on fuel or power it is a great emergency preparedness tool,
He was inspired to create a modest modification to vehicles that would reduce the need for conventional fuel,
There no doubt that in the race for green power the human body has been overlooked in favor of alternative fuel sources such as biofuels, hydrogen etc.
#Toyota opens fuel cell patents to drive hydrogen society Toyota is serious about hydrogen fuel cell technology.
USA Inc."The first generation hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, launched between 2015 and 2020, will be critical,
and prices for the fuel have jumped in recent years, igniting demand for alternatives. The state s tax credit for solar energy made it additionally appealing (Climatewire, May 6).
and with a full tank of fuel it never gets tired. You do#not#want this thing chasing after you.
##Solar is now the second largest source of new electricity capacity in the U s.,behind natural gas,
#which said that U s. emissions of greenhouse gases from the burning of fossil fuels was lower last year than at any time since 1994.
We are still massively dependent on fossil fuels even though they are limited a resource. But, a team of scientists at the University of Illinois at Chicago have figured out#a way to make synthetic gas inexpensively,
perhaps in combination, firing the maker revolution with even more fuel. Via Venture Beat Share Thissubscribedel. icio. usfacebookredditstumbleupontechnorat u
while natural gas will supply another 20 percent. The remaining 20 percent will be supplied by renewable sources, including hydropower,
Due to a combination of new found purchasing power, declining solar system costs, increasing kerosene costs, and advances in solar services business models,
solar is actually cheaper than the alternative (kerosene plus phone-charging) when financed. That s because close to 1 billion people have risen above the poverty line over the past twenty years,
and polluting energy sources like kerosene (or even worse, candles). Selling cheap basic services like solar electricity into this market through#micropayment schemes#is
propane and butane gasses are released in the process, the machine is equipped with an off-gas filter that disintegrates these gases into water and carbon.
Typically made from petroleum, it is estimated that 7%of the#world s annual oil production#is used to produce
The result is a crude gas that can fuel things like generators or stoves and,
it could solve the fuel crisis in the real world. Thorium is being hailed as the key in the bid to find safer
Professor Roger Barlow from the University of Huddersfield is part of a team researching thorium power generation.
but when exposed to neutrons it will react to produce a particular isotope of uranium (U-233) that becomes the nuclear fuel.
If you re trying to move to a low-carbon fuel economy, you need a whole basket of measures,
Along with cutting out fossil fuel-generated energy to a large extent, the transition to renewables includes completely phasing out nuclear power.
The modest uptick in coal fired generation was substituting for pricier natural gas, not representative of a return to coal as it often mischaracterized.
Energiewende rooted in the acknowledgement that a fossil fuel-based energy system is not sustainable is remarkable for its scope and its widespread support,
requiring a less-active control system, saving millions in fuel costs. However, this approach still has problems.
which allows efficiently reprogramming unicellular life to make fuels, byproducts accessible from organic chemistry and smart devices.
while fossil fuel-or battery-powered unmanned aircraft are expensive to run and possess a shorter range.
They know how to turn seawater into fuel. The development of a liquid hydrocarbon fuel could one day relieve the military dependence on oil-based fuels
and is being heralded as a ame changerbecause it could allow military ships to develop their own fuel and stay operational 100 percent of the time,
rather than having to refuel at sea. The new fuel is expected initially to cost around $3 to $6 per gallon
according to the U s. Naval Research Laboratory, which has flown already a model aircraft on it. The Navy 289 vessels all rely on oil-based fuel,
with the exception of some aircraft carriers and 72 submarines that rely on nuclear propulsion. Moving away from that reliance would free the military from fuel shortages
and fluctuations in price. t a huge milestone for us, said Vice Adm. Philip Cullom. e are in very challenging times where we really do have to think in pretty innovative ways to look at how we create energy,
We need to challenge the results of the assumptions that are the result of the last six decades of constant access to cheap unlimited amounts of fuel.
The gasses are turned then into a fuel by a gas-to-liquids process with the help of catalytic converters. or us in the military, in the Navy,
said Cullom. e don necessarily go to a gas station to get our fuel. Our gas station comes to us in terms of an oiler, a replenishment ship.
Developing a game-changing technology like this, seawater to fuel really is something that reinvents a lot of the way we can do business
The next challenge for the Navy is to produce the fuel in industrial quantities. It will also partner with universities to maximize the amount of CO2
adding that the fuel oesn look or smell very different. ee demonstrated the feasibility, we want to improve the process efficiency,
A rocket s skin, for example, needs to contain a column of super-pressurized fuel and at the same time weigh as little as possible.
U k. emissions from fossil fuel burning in 2010 were 494 million tons of CO2 said Pieter Tans of the U s. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's Earth System Research Laboratory
After long focusing on fuel economy and energy production environmentalists and scientists are now promoting a diet of more plants and less meat to slow climate change but why?
Thousands of tons of vanadium are brought to the surface through worldwide petroleum operations alone every year.
By working with Imergy, fuel and mining companies can reduce their potential scope of liability and operating costs. his is a win all the way around.
Halliburton's petroleum systems modeling technology defines the distribution of hydrocarbons in the unconventional reservoir to aid well placement
which could enable humanity to transition off of a petroleum economy Boeke said. In addition to practical applications synthetic yeast could be used to study how different genes function
The latest initiative in England that's transforming landfill-bound organic waste and excreta into bio-based fuel?
The first of its kind in the United kingdom Bio-Bus is a 40-seat transit vehicle that runs entirely on fuel generated through anaerobic digestion.
its thorium research programme focuses on turning the material into fissile uranium-233 for use as reactor fuel.
Recovering plutonium and uranium-233 from spent fuel is key to India's thorium programme,
Last month, Thorium power in Mclean, Virginia, with a market capitalization of about $40 million established a joint venture with Punj Lloyd, an engineering company in Gurgaon.
but sulphate and soot particles from fossil fuel burning are the main culprits, the team found."
and previously in North america if coal is replaced by oil and natural gas as an energy source, and if particulate filters in cars and factories become more common o
#Liquid storage could make hydrogen a feasible fuel A process for extracting hydrogen from a liquid fuel could remove one of the biggest hurdles to a'hydrogen economy,
a liquid fuel that#unlike hydrogen itself#can be transported easily and stored. Matthias Beller, a chemical engineer at the University of Rostock in Germany,
Many chemists have spent decades studying how best to trap hydrogen for use as a fuel.
It is straightforward to turn hydrogen into the liquid fuel: a well-known reaction combines hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases using commercial catalysts.
because it is about the same temperature as the waste heat from an operating hydrogen fuel cell.
hydrogen fuel cells are twice as efficient as fuel cells that directly run on methanol, for instance. Not everyone agrees with Beller and Tsang.
Olah argues that a future economy could use methanol directly as a liquid fuel, so the world should work on ways to produce it#perhaps by capturing carbon dioxide.
#Obama to announce $2 billion plan to get US cars off gasoline An article by Scientific American.
Weaning the nation off fossil fuels entirely for its transportation needs may not be practical or realistic.
Chemosynthesis also fuels life at other deep-sea locations such as hydrothermal vents but those are restricted to the edges of continental plates.
It also has to be cheap enough to compete with traditional fossil fuels. That been a high hurdle for devices called solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCS) that convert fuelsuch as methane and hydrogenirectly to electricity without burning them.
There, they react with molecules in the fuel generating water, carbon dioxide, and electricity. The electricity is fed through a circuit where it powers our devices,
The devices make electricity at an efficiency that can match a large natural gas-based power plant. But whereas a power plant is huge and costs hundreds of millions of dollars to build,
#Water-splitter could make hydrogen fuel on Mars Making fuel on site for a return trip to Mars may be a step closer.
and future Earthlings enabling them to use renewable energy sources for making hydrogen fuel. Hydrogen fuel cells can power vehicles ranging from cars to submarines and rockets.
They can also heat buildings and double as portable power-packs for computers or other kit used in the field.
Cronin and his colleagues see this as a major obstacle to a future in which hydrogen fuel replaces oil.
or for making fuel on Mars to power a rocket back to Earth. It is unclear
which NIF engineers originally designed to implode fuel capsules for research into nuclear fusion power. The team fixed a diamond inside a hole cut in a small gold cylinder
Much of the weight of today's rockets comes from their own propellant so having a source of fuel already in space would pave the way for much more ambitious human missions.
and beyond we don't want to have to bring fuel with us says Anthony Colaprete of NASA's Ames Research Center in Moffett Field California.
and teams of human miners to the moon to supply water for fuel depots that it would place in Earth orbit t
The next drill scoop will have to wait until the planet comes back into Range in the meantime the science team has plenty of data to fuel new discoveries and daydreams.
These studies include technology policy reports focused on nuclear power coal natural gas and the smart electric grid.
undercutting even today low-cost natural gas but in areas like New england and the Southeast, taller towers are needed to reach the strong winds that make wind energy economically feasible. nce youe at the heights wee looking at,
The technology could also drive down operating costs for base stations in the developing world where these stations rely on expensive diesel fuel for power
#New approach to boosting biofuel production Yeast are used commonly to transform corn and other plant materials into biofuels such as ethanol.
However large concentrations of ethanol can be toxic to yeast which has limited the production capacity of many yeast strains used in industry.
Now Stephanopoulos and colleagues at MIT and the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research have identified a new way to boost yeast tolerance to ethanol by simply altering the composition of the medium in
Ethanol and other alcohols can disrupt yeast cell membranes eventually killing the cells. The MIT team found that adding potassium and hydroxide ions to the medium in
By making these changes the researchers were able to boost yeast s ethanol production by about 80 percent.
This work goes a long way to squeezing the last drop of ethanol from sugar adds Gerald Fink an MIT professor of biology member of the Whitehead Institute and the paper s other senior author.
or group of genes that could be manipulated to make yeast more tolerant to ethanol but this approach did not yield much success
and increasing the ph with potassium hydroxide the researchers were able to dramatically boost ethanol production.
They also found that these changes did not affect the biochemical pathway used by the yeast to produce ethanol:
Yeast continued to produce ethanol at the same per-cell rate as long as they remained viable. Instead the changes influenced their electrochemical membrane gradients differences in ion concentrations inside and outside the membrane
Ethanol increases the porosity of the cell membrane making it very difficult for cells to maintain their electrochemical gradients.
the longer they survive the more ethanol they make. By reinforcing these gradients we re energizing yeast to allow them to withstand harsher conditions
What s also exciting to us is that this could apply beyond ethanol to more advanced biofuel alcohols that upset cell membranes in the same way Lam says.
Industrial relevancebefore yeast begin their work producing ethanol the starting material usually corn must be broken down into glucose.
While many studies have examined ways to boost ethanol tolerance at low glucose levels the MIT team used concentrations of about 300 grams per liter similar to
Otherwise what you learn at low ethanol levels is not likely to translate to industrial production Stephanopoulos says.
Lonnie Ingram director of the Florida Center for Renewable Chemicals and Fuels at the University of Florida describes the MIT team s discovery as remarkable and unexpected.
In more recent experiments the MIT researchers have used this method to bump ethanol productivity even higher than reported in the Science paper.
They are also working on using this approach to boost the ethanol yield from various industrial feedstocks that because of starting compounds inherently toxic to yeast now have low yields.
What s more such robots run on gasoline and are powered by a gasoline engine in order to generate high forces.
In the desert environment dust is present on a daily basis says co-author Numan Abu-Dheir of the King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM) in Saudi arabia.
where the ability to adjust the texture of panels to minimize drag at different speeds could increase fuel efficiency,
Now researchers at MIT and King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM) in Saudi arabia have devised a robotic system that can detect leaks at a rapid pace and with high accuracy by sensing a large pressure
or in petroleum pipelines about setting up field tests under real-world conditions. Chatzigeorgiou presented the concept this month at the International Conference on Robotics and Automation in Hong kong,
Methane, the primary constituent of natural gas, is a greenhouse gas 25 times more potent than carbon dioxide.
and to convert carbon dioxide to fuels for applications On earth and in space. Today industrial infrastructure manages basic resources linearly
In 2012, NASA began funding a Cambrian project, called Exogen, that uses electromethanogenesis to more efficiently extract oxygen or fuel from CO2 for long-duration space flights.
and the introduction of alkyl groups caused by pollutants such as fuel exhaust and tobacco smoke. To achieve this, the researchers created five different circular pieces of DNA, four
Inventors just care a lot about their inventions and that passion and commitment fuels commercial progress.
Unlike fuels that are burned this system uses material that can be reused continually. It produces no emissions
and fuel, release the oxygen that we breathe, and add beauty to our surroundings. Now, a team of MIT researchers wants to make plants even more useful by augmenting them with nanomaterials that could enhance their energy production
What is the impact of nanoparticles on the production of chemical fuels like glucose? Giraldo says.
and fuel consumption electric and hybrid cars and trucks struggled for years to find a solid customer base.
and charging them requires plug-in infrastructure that s still sparse in the United states. Now MIT spinout XL Hybrids is upfitting (and retrofitting) gas and diesel commercial vans and trucks with fuel-saving add-on electric powertrains
and Fedex among others can provide a 20 percent reduction in fuel consumption and CO2 EMISSIONS. The goal is to reduce oil consumption with cost-effective electric drive technology where fleets don t need additional infrastructure
At the end of the day it s about making the economics work to compete against the price of fuel Hynes says adding We re able to do a lot with a little.
XL Hybrids installs small 1. 8-kwh lithium-ion batteries that provide a 20 percent fuel savings Hynes says.
which involves running a vehicle on treadmill-like rollers to estimate fuel mileage in urban driving.
With this savings companies can expect to save 4000 gallons of fuel over the life of an XL Hybrids system Hynes says.
When a fleet customer looks at the numbers they want to see benefits based on fuel savings
and fuel-injected engines, as well as for processes such as spray cooling of hot metal. One application now being considered by Varanasi
have helped replace thousands of kerosene lanterns usually burned in homes for lighting; such lanterns spew out black carbon that contributes to global warming and indoor air pollution.
These stoves, Wu says, cook twice as fast, with half the charcoal. Moreover, Wu says,
high-quality fuels from low-quality oil New findings released by MIT researchers could help energy companies implement a long-recognized process for converting heavy, high-sulfur crude oil into high-value,
cleaner fuels such as gasoline without using hydrogen a change that would reduce costs, energy use, and carbon dioxide emissions.
But converting crude oil into lightweight, clean-burning, high-quality fuels such as gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel is getting harder.
In the past, oil found in the ground tended to be lightweight, clean, and easily made into high-value fuels.
Now, more and more of it is heavy thick, tarry material that, when refined, yields a higher fraction of lower-value products such as asphalt along with solid chunks of waste called coke.
which companies typically produce from natural gas a high-cost process that consumes valuable gas resources and releases high levels of carbon dioxide (CO2).
o there a lot of interest in finding alternative processes for converting low-quality crude oil into valuable fuels with less residual coke and for removing the sulfur efficiently
One approach calls for using water rather than natural gas as the source of the hydrogen molecules needed for key chemical reactions in the refining process.
setting the stage for the desired chemical reactions without any added hydrogen from natural gas. Industrial and academic researchers have demonstrated that mixing heavy oils with SCW produces lighter hydrocarbons (compounds of hydrogen
When crude oil is mixed with SCW, the hundreds of chemical compounds present can react together in different combinations and at different rates,
and the products ultimately include lighter hydrocarbons that are converted readily into valuable light fuels. The sulfur combines with hydrogen atoms to form hydrogen sulfide, a gas that can easily be removed
and upgrading technologies to create a combined system that will make it practical to continue producing high-value fuels from all kinds of oil for decades to come.
and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, carcinogenic compounds formed from incomplete combustion of fuels, from contaminated soil. The process is irreversible
and represents a clean and ultimate replacement for fossil fuels in the future. Over the past decades enormous efforts have been invested in developing efficient
which are competitive to the fossil fuel. Organic photovoltaic (OPV) has been regarded as one of the promising candidates for large-scale low-cost and efficient solar energy harvesting.
and light materials especially those that could help to protect the atmosphere including lighter more fuel efficient
#Toward a low-cost'artificial leaf'that produces clean hydrogen fuel For years scientists have been pursuing artificial leaf technology a green approach to making hydrogen fuel that copies plants'ability to convert sunlight into a form of energy they can use.
Automakers have started introducing hydrogen fuel cell vehicles which only emit water when driven. But making hydrogen which mostly comes from natural gas requires electricity from conventional carbon dioxide-emitting power plants.
Producing hydrogen at low cost from water using the clean energy from the sun would make this form of energy
#Protons fuel graphene prospects Graphene impermeable to all gases and liquids can easily allow protons to pass through it,
Fuel cells use oxygen and hydrogen as a fuel and convert the input chemical energy directly into electricity.
One of the major problems is a fuel crossover through the existing proton membranes which reduces their efficiency and durability.
or monolayer boron nitride can allow the existing membranes to become thinner and more efficient with less fuel crossover and poisoning.
This excess oxygen leached at faster and faster rates over time actually contributes to the risk of failure and acts as fuel for a potential fire.
and then MWCNT@S and VACNTS were assembled into macro-CNT-S films via the dispersion in ethanol followed by vacuum filtration",Zhe Yuan,
'Suppose you fill the vesicle with fuel and medicines then you could transport the vesicle by creating a small opening
and only allow the fuel to get out. Then you could unload the remaining cargo at the destination.'
#Researchers uncover properties in nanocomposite oxide ceramics for reactor fuel Nanocomposite oxide ceramics have potential uses as ferroelectrics fast ion conductors
and nuclear fuels and for storing nuclear waste generating a great deal of scientific interest on the structure properties and applications of these blended materials.
In the context of nuclear energy composites have been proposed for the fuel itself as a way for example to improve the basic properties of the material such as the thermal conductivity.
It is the thermal conductivity that dictates how efficiently energy can be extracted from the fuel. Composites have also been created to store the by-products of the nuclear energy cycle nuclear waste where the different components of the composite can each store a different part of the waste.
Reactor fuel behavior better understood with phonon insights More information: The research is described in a paper out this week in Nature Communications Termination chemistry-driven dislocation structure at Srtio3/Mgo heterointerfaces s
The commercial separation process uses natural gas to react with superheated steam to strip away hydrogen atoms producing hydrogen fuel
is proof that hydrogen can be produced without burning fossil fuels. The scale is small, a little smaller than the diameter of spider silk.
because burning hydrogen fuel emits only water vapor.""Many researchers are looking to inorganic materials for new sources of energy,
Her team's discovery may provide future consumers a biologically-inspired alternative to gasoline.""These are the types of discoveries we can make at Argonne,
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011