Building a brain from the inside out The grand architecture of the human cortex with its hundreds of distinct cell types, begins as a uniform layer of neural stem cells and builds itself from the inside out during several months of embryonic development.
The researchers used their new molecular insights to isolate orgs in culture for the first time, and showed that these cells are prolific neuron factories.
we simply don have a good understanding of the brain arts list? Kriegstein said, ut studies like this are beginning to give us a real blueprint of how our brains are built.
Part C. lot of the work that done right now is in two-dimensional culture, but this is an alternative that is much more relevant to the in vivo living scenario.
and using that refined sample to seed the cell culture in medium in an agarose spherical mold.
The mini-brains, about a third of a millimeter in diameter, are not the first or the most sophisticated working cell cultures of a central nervous system
The spheres of brain tissue begin to form within a day after the cultures are seeded and have formed complex 3-D neural networks within two to three weeks,
Boutin was interested in building working 3-D cell cultures to study how adult neural stem cells develop.
The cultures contain both inhibitory and excitatory neurons and several varieties of essential neural support cells called glia.
Cells connect and communicate within a realistic geometry, rather than merely across a flat plane as in a 2-D culture.
The cultures also don rely on foreign materials such as scaffolds of collagen. -Longevity: In testing, cultured tissues live for at least a month.
but not necessarily the degree of neuroscience and cell culture equipment required of other methods. f you are that person in that lab,
and families who push us to think of these, Mcnally said. his partnership is a perfect example of how precision medicine can help address very rare diseases.
and we hope to soon be able to provide families with treatment techniques that can lessen the disease severity.
we are looking to provide hope for a disease condition that contributes to approximately 30 percent of all deaths worldwide,
which is the leading cause of serious long-term disability in adults. The five-year study, performed in an animal model,
Stroke kills nearly 130,000 Americans each year one of every 20 deaths in the U s. according to the Centers for Disease Control.
The study was funded by the National Institute of Neurological disorders and Stroke at the National institutes of health, the American Heart Association, the Richard Merkin Foundation for Neural Regeneration at UCLA, the Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson
#Radiotherapeutic Bandage Could Treat Skin cancer Research behind a new radiotherapeutic bandage that could potentially treat squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cancer was presented Wednesday, at the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS) Annual Meeting and Expo in Orlando.
the way that a child s interconnecting plastic blocks can have different shapes but all snap together.
There are even reports of suicide among these young men, "says Van der Merwe.""The heroes in all of this for me are the donor,
and his family. They saved the lives of many people because they donated the heart, lungs, kidneys, liver, skin, corneas,
people at higher risk of developing the disease include those with a family history of pancreatic cancer, heavy smokers, the obese and people over 50 years with new-onset diabetes.
he now believes that it is possible to significantly improve quality of life for patients with severe spinal cord injuries,
along with Ruslan Gorodnichev of Russia Velikie Luky State Academy of Physical education and Sport, demonstrated that they could induce involuntary stepping movements in healthy,
members of a family of painkilling drugs sourced from the opium poppy. It can take more than a year to produce a batch of medicine, starting from the farms in Australia,
#Twin Study Suggests Genetic Factors Contribute To Insomnia In Adults, Virginia Commonwealth University Reveals DARIEN,
IL-A new study of twins suggests that insomnia in adults is explained partially by genetic factors,
Results show that the genetic influences on insomnia symptoms in adults were substantial and largely stable over time while differing significantly by sex.
affects about 10 percent of adults. Insomnia is more common in women than men and involves difficulty falling asleep
analyzed data from the Virginia Adult Twin Studies of Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders, a large twin data set of approximately 7, 500 participants collected by Dr. Kenneth S
According to the authors, this is the first study to examine the genetic and environmental influences on insomnia symptoms in adults in a longitudinal, representative twin sample.
and maternal death from postpartum hemorrhage can be as high as one in 50 births in low resource settings so these are extreme problems,
such as subject age, gender, marital status, and education level; and rudimentary clinical data, such as patientsscores on various cognitive tests.
bring researchers closer to creating an implantable intestine as replacement therapy for a range of devastating disorders-including infections, cancer and trauma-that result in loss or death of gut tissue.
which is marked by the rapid death of intestinal cells and permanent loss of intestinal tissue.
"Our experiments show that the architecture and function of our lab-made intestine strikingly resemble those of the healthy human gut,
supports the notion that certain gut bacteria present in the colons of babies with NEC are responsible for sparking the rapid death of gut tissue that occurs in the condition.
."Although rehabilitation medicine has resulted in reductions in mortality, the current outcome for patients is permanent paralysis, with an overall cost to the community of $2 billion a year."
"Liquid marbles are a remarkably simply way to culture cells in 3d, "says Dr St john."A droplet of liquid that contains the cells is placed upon a carpet of teflon powder to create a liquid marble
The development of a new method to grow three-dimensional organoid cultures of pancreatic tumors directly from patients'surgical tissue offers a promising opportunity for testing targeted therapies
'mini tumors'in a culture dish,"explains the study's corresponding author Senthil Muthuswamy, Phd, Director of the Cell biology Program in the Cancer Research Institute at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical center
"Scientists have been growing cells in 3d culture for decades. These models are used to help understand various biological processes such as tissue development and cancer growth,
whose families were going hungry because cassava crops were wiped out by brown-streak disease. That was particularly painful because in neighboring Uganda
a record label is reporting higher revenues from music streaming than paid downloads. Warner Music group has announced that its streaming revenues have passed those from digital downloads.
This shift toward free music has left a sour taste in some artists'mouths, who feel the ad-supported model doesn't properly value their work.
"and offers high-quality music to users who pay for the most expensive tier. This shift also underscores why Apple's expected launch of its own streaming service is important to the company.
it is expected later this year to relaunch the Beats Music streaming service it acquired. The Cupertino company recently poached high-profile DJ Zane Lowe from BBC Radio 1,
and became one of the best-known music companies in the world Jay z likes to do things personally.
and dialed the phone numbers of some of the users of his new music-streaming service, Tidal.
Staff at Roc Nation, Jay z's sports-and entertainment-management company, listened as fans reacted with shock to phone calls from Jay z."
Aspiro AB was a niche European media-technology company known mainly for its high-end, expensive music-streaming service called Wimp.
It was a tiny player in the music-streaming world, and nobody paid much attention to it.
and was eclipsed immediately by the launch of Apple Music. Fans remain largely confused as to why Tidal even exists it offers streaming music at twice the price of Google, Apple, and Spotify.
This is the full story of how Jay z took over an obscure Scandinavian telecoms company in the hopes of staging a revolution on behalf of artists who feel they aren't being paid properly in a world where no one buys CDS anymore.
demographic that was more willing to pay a higher price for better-quality music. The new music-streaming service was a hit,
and Aspiro launched it across Europe. It used the same strategy that it used for its WAP business to rapidly scale up the business:
The actual database of music and pricing was unchanged. Tidalsince Jörgen Adolfsson was replaced as the first CEO in 2000,
and extolling the virtues of Wimp's high-resolution music-streaming service. Aspiro didn't feel like an old-school telecoms company anymore;
and Tidal curated music using actual people, rather than algorithms: The legacy really comes from Wimp,
they have an enormous amount of appreciation and knowledge of the different genres of music,
"a company he had set up with the sole purpose of buying a music-streaming site.
Panther believes that the recent developments in the entertainment industry, with the migration to music and media streaming,
offers great potential for increased entertainment consumption and an opportunity for artists to further promote their music.
when he appeared as a"hype man"for other rappers and took part in rap battles with other performers.
and eventually scored a deal with the influential music label Def Jam Records. It wasn't a smooth ride to the top, though.
and manage musicians and sports stars. Roc Nation boasts an impressive roster of talent including executives from established music labels.
Hype started building for Jay z's music-streaming service on March 30 when musicians began turning their social media profiles light blue in anticipation of the relaunch of Aspiro's streaming service.
what music is, and where it came from. The event space was lined with photos of music icons like Kurt Cobain and Eddie Vedder.
Schlogel also announced that Tidal would support offline playing of music, just like Spotify. The relaunched streaming site would be based around exclusive music and video content,
as well as special live events for subscribers. Tidaltidal became Jay z's music-streaming service. But the most important part of the press conference wasn Schlogel speech;
it was the stream of world-famous musicians who showed up to publicly back Jay z new project.
One member of Daft punk even referred to it as"the Avengers of music"during the Fig House meeting.
"Musician Alicia keys gave a rambling speech about the power of music, quoted Jimi hendrix, mispronounced"Nietzsche,
TIDAL is an artist majority owned company with a mission to reestablish the value of music,
He told Billboard that"people are not respecting the music, and devaluing what it really means.
People really feel like music is free, but will pay $6 for water. You can drink water free out of the tap,
Had Jay z's new music streaming service which claimed to champion the rights of musicians,
He claimed that videos of the Fig House meeting used two tracks that sounded very similar to his own music."
and his music is now available to stream on the site. The backlash against Tidal began in earnest after the New york press conference.
Another view that Jay z made clear in his Twitter"stream of consciousness"was that he felt that other music-streaming services were out to get him.
though, and hired Timothy Patrick Riley, who was previously global head of music at the video-game publisher Activision/Blizzard.
Apple Music, which launched after Tidal, has blown rival streaming services out of the water. It doesn't just feature curation like Tidal does;
It has launched playlists designed to surface up-and-coming music, and it is branching out into video.
Despite removing his music from streaming services, he's a fan of Tidal, and he has agreed to release his new album exclusively through the service.
as Apple music is aiming to bring in 100 million subscribers, and Spotify is doing all it can to keep up.
The provision, known as Section 66a of the 2008 Information technology Act, had made sending such messages a crime punishable by up to three years in prison.
Police arrested a man last year for saying on Facebook that Prime minister Narendra Modi, then still a candidate, would start a holocaust in India
president of the Mining Association of British columbia, said her industry knew the investigation into the dam's collapse would inevitably mean regulatory
copsin is produced in liquid culture via a methylotrophic yeast called Pichia pastoris. Speaking in the ETH Zurich laboratory while producing copsin,
#Ubisoft offers new video game it says can treat lazy eye The Montreal-based gaming company Ubisoft has developed a video game it says could be used to treat amblyopia, also known as lazy eye.
Treatment for the condition usually involves a child wearing an eye patch. But children were more likely to abandon the treatment
#India orders clampdown on internet porn websites India has ordered Internet service providers to block access to more than 850 adult websites in
N. N. Kaul, a spokesman for India's department of telecom, said Monday that the government was trying to control easy access to pornography following a directive from the country's top court.
That followed an order from the court last year that suggested the government needed to monitor access to pornography.
and British Aircraft Corp. The Tupolev tu-144 or"Charger"built by Voronezh Aircraft Production Association. No sonic boom on ground But the patent says its main improvement over those two is that it reduces the noise of the sonic boom a loud bang caused by shockwaves created by an object moving faster than the speed of sound."
It's part of the eurypterid family, which are basically sea scorpions. Those type of creatures"are said really cool
Joe Hannibal, curator of invertebrate paleontology at the Cleveland Museum of Natural history. Hannibal wasn't part of the study,
#International trio blasts off for 2-day journey to Space station A Russian Soyuz rocket carrying a three-man international crew,
ESA dubbed Mogensen"Denmark's Gagarin,"a reference to the Soviet cosmonaut and first man in space, Yuri Gagarin.
or"kymyz",is popular among nomadic cultures of Central asia. While in space, he will wear a special dosimeter to study the effects of space radiation on the brain.
"It's our family tradition already to carry Kazakhs into space, "joked Volkov, whose father, Alexander Volkov, commanded a Soyuz spaceship that took the first-ever Kazakh cosmonaut, Tokhtar Aubakirov, into space in 1991.
Some provinces have set up their own"Man for Machine"programs aimed at replacing workers with robots.
#Paralyzed man walks again using brain-computer link A brain-to-computer technology that can translate thoughts into leg movements has enabled a man paralyzed from the waist down by a spinal cord injury to become the first such patient to walk without the use of robotics,
since last year, including sightings near manned aircraft and major sporting events, and interference with wildfire-fighting operations, the government said."
The Consumer electronics Association has forecast that 700,000 drones will be sold this holiday season, and Foxx said it's especially important that new drone users be taught the responsibilities that come with flying.
In cases where drones have crashed where they were supposed not to be crowded flying at sports stadiums
and social security taxes for solar equipment used by residential customers. Brazil Energy Minister Eduardo Braga announced the move on Wednesday of last week,
said Rodrigo Lopes Sauaia, executive director of the Brazilian Photovoltaic Solar energy Association. As for the possible threshold of 2 GW by 2024, figures from Bloomberg New Energy Finance calculate that approximately 700
which are located largely in areas with low population density. So far, the high cost of domestic offshore wind projects has made them economically unattractive,
and citizen consultation and bring the voice of the ordinary woman and man into the climate negotiations, said Christiana Figueres, Executive secretary of the UNFCCC, on the WWVIEWS on Climate and Energy. any cities,
companies and NGOS are voicing their support for a transformational agreement in Paris. The view of citizens is also crystal clear they see the threats
Whether it be in the field of architecture, technology, or healthcare, 3d printed objects are making a positive impact on the human race
The latest incredible feat involves a 54 year old Spanish man suffering from a chest wall sarcoma a type of cancerous tumour.
the man needed both his sternum and a portion of his ribcage replaced, something that the doctors and surgeons involved felt was handled best by this new technology.
#'Womb milk'nourishes embryo during early months of pregnancy A mother's milk provides the valuable nourishment a baby needs during its first months of life,
but it seems women also provide a form of milk for their child while they are still in the womb.
Researchers have discovered that during the first months of pregnancy the mother's body secretes nutrients that have been dubbed'womb milk'for the embryo.
and biochemical building blocks it needs to grow during the first 11 weeks of pregnancy. During this time the embryo is too small and delicate for the umbilical cord to be attached
'oxytocin, has long been known to promote bonding between a mother and a child. Now scientists have shown it does this by permanently changing the nerve pathways in the brain that control certain social behaviours.
Researchers believe the results could lead to new ways of using the hormone to treat psychological problems such as stress and speech disorders.
Oxytocin is produced by women during pregnancy birth and in the production of milk for breastfeeding.
so up to this time the tiny embryo is nurtured by these secretions. e do not know yet how the mother's diet influences the uterine secretions during pregnancy. y other research has shown that there is a"code
or other factors such as smoking could also impact the build up of these materials in the womb lining.
placenta and embryonic tissue donated by women who had undergone abortions. The samples were stained using a dye to see where glycogen was present in the tissues from different stages of pregnancy.
They found the sugary molecule which is used as a way of storing energy in the body was present in high levels in the womb lining.
'The findings could also help scientists develop ways of improving fertility treatments like IVF by ensuing an embryo gets the nutrients it needs during the early weeks of development.
'The first few weeks of pregnancy is a critical phase for embryonic development.''Our understanding has been revolutionised over the past decade by the discovery that nutrients are supplied by these glands in the uterus lining during the first trimester the so-called"uterine milk".
The cushioned headset adjusts the volume of your music by tracking how deeply you are sleeping using EEG sensors.
and is tuned better to block out external disturbances, according to Kokoon cofounder and the man behind the concept,
For the first time we can listen to our music, audiobooks or sleep techniques comfortably in bed without fear that theyl wake us back up again.'
and boldly go where no man has gone before t
#The metal that could lead to'indestructable'warships and ultralight cars Researchers have demonstrated a new type of metal
which is a factor in an estimated 90 percent of the 1. 2 million road deaths that occur worldwide each year.
and waited while a woman in a wheelchair chased a duck with a broom. Google isn't alone in developing self-driving cars.
This'mother'then uses the results to inform the design of the next'child, 'so that preferential traits are passed down from one generation to the next-similar to how natural selection works in animals.
and diversification of the species.'For each robot child, there is a unique'genome'made up of a combination of between one and five different genes,
which contains all of the information about the'child's'shape, construction and motor commands. As in nature, evolution in robots takes place through'mutation,
each child was tested on how far it travelled from its starting position in a given amount of time.
Alternative Ballistics CEO Christian Ellis told San diego ABC 10 News:''Just like an airbag, a certain amount of people will die
but it does mitigate the risk of death tremendously.''Alternative Ballistics'technology has not yet been trialled on humans,
what it touches through a microchip in his brain Scientists working with Darpa have developed a robotic arm that can'feel'It allowed a 28-year-old paralysed man'feel'for the first time in a decade A tiny array of electrodes were implanted into the sensory part of his brain Force
The robotic arm has allowed already a 28-year-old paralysed man to feel someone touching his'hand'for the first time in more than a decade.
It works by using a tiny array of electrodes that have been implanted into the sensory cortex of the man who has only been identified as Nathan.
The geneticists have applied for a unique licence from the Government fertility watchdog to carry out the procedure using a gene manipulation technique called Crispr/Cas9.
and attempted to edit the DNA in 86 on-viablehuman embryos from local fertility clinics.
whether it has been emitted by a man or a woman and even who it belongs to.
The discovery could be used by forensic scientists to place a suspect at a crime scene.
It could also help doctors understand how infections spread. But in the short-term, the thought that we are enveloped each in millions of bugs is likely to terrify hygiene obsessives.
The technique, described in the journal Peerj, would have to be refined before it is suitable for crime scenes.
Speaking at a medical conference sponsored by the Association of the US ARMY near the Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia,
350 deaths in Iceland and only caused moderate damage. However, during the eight months that it erupted,
'That means the death of 270 million people within 24 months after the attack.''He claims that the country,
-and warned that gun crime should not be the'single issue'that decided votes.''Our leaders are nearly all ill prepared for this near certain, not-too-distant event.'
and form a tribunal accusing me of crimes against humanity, a saving thought flashed into my mind:
'But if it is then surely weighing the possible deaths of 90%of our citizens due to cyber warfare against gun violence
which causes fewer deaths per year than traffic accidents, seems that possibly our president is suffering an acid flashback rather than myself.'
the remote controller has always been a staple of the household. the german startup senic wants to redefine it with uimo a dial interface that employs multiple types of inputs to control most smart home devices and services.
clicking, swiping and even hand motion gestures. uimohas an infrared based sensor that recognizes precise hand movements that command everything from the volume of the music,
aside from benefitting households, CEO elon musk believes the owerwallwill aid the development of remote communities. he speculates the batteries will help people in emerging markets or remote locations to eapfrogthe need for existing power systems,
Nor could they be implanted to create a pregnancy, or for any other clinical purpose. Movement in the research is halting.
In four villages included in the trial everyone except pregnant women and young children received five doses of ivermectin, at three-week intervals.
That equates to about one episode per child being averted over the course of two years.
Without traditional toothpaste, we wonder what groups like the American Dental Association think of the overall safety and efficacy of this nano-newfangled toothbrush.
and prevents contaminant migration across property boundaries, the company says. This includes reducing chlorinated solvents at industrial dry cleaning sites as well as petroleum cleanup projects.
an architecture and design firm based in New york city and Istanbul. The team visited the Ozkan's labs
and the high power circulating in this atypical laser architecture.""While the association of amplifying fibres
and high power usually weakens traditional lasers performance, it actually improves the quality of this laser,
thanks to our specific architecture",said Svyatoslav Kharitonov o
#Researchers learn how to steer the heart--with light We depend on electrical waves to regulate the rhythm of our heartbeat.
"In retrospect from published literature and from studies in progress, we can now see how sepsis,
and young adults with rare blood disorders Hematology researchers have safely and effectively treated children and young adults for autoimmune blood disorders in a multicenter clinical trial.
families often experience a"diagnostic odyssey"--years of testing, bleeding and unsuccessful treatments before receiving an accurate diagnosis. Conventional treatment for autoimmune cytopenias uses corticosteroids to suppress the immune system.
and has improved their quality of life, "said Teachey y
#UT Southwestern researchers identify an enzyme as a major culprit of autoimmune diseases Activating an enzyme that sounds an alarm for the body's innate immune system causes two lethal autoimmune diseases in mice,
including a family of secreted proteins called interferons. The same elegant system can trigger autoimmune disease
About 60 percent of children and adults with T-cell leukemia harbor a Notch mutation. But drugs designed to block Notch have caused serious side effects such as severe diarrhea or skin cancers.
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