and far longer progression-free survival than giving one of those drugs alone, new research shows.
and far longer progression-free survival than giving one of those drugs alone. Further the combination was effective in the portion of melanoma patients--the majority--who currently have few effective treatment options.
Both drugs have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. The Phase 2, double-blind trial enrolled 142 patients with advanced melanoma who had received not prior therapy.
#Drugs stimulate body's own stem cells to replace the brain cells lost in multiple sclerosis Led by researchers at Case Western Reserve,
a multi-institutional team used a new discovery approach to identify drugs that could activate mouse
The two most potent drugs--one that currently treats athlete's foot, and the other, eczema--were capable of stimulating the regeneration of damaged brain cells
"Our approach was to find drugs that could catalyze the body's own stem cells to replace the cells lost in multiple sclerosis."
and less invasive approach by using drugs to activate native stem cells already in the adult nervous system
federally approved drugs enhances the likelihood that the compounds can be made safe for human use.
they could begin to test different existing drug formulations to determine which, if any, induced the OPCS to form new myelinating cells.
the investigators quantified the effects of 727 previously known drugs, all of which have a history of use in patients, on OPCS in the laboratory.
Miconazole is found in an array of over-the-counter antifungal lotions and powders, including those to treat athlete's foot.
both drugs prompted native OPCS to regenerate new myelin.""It was a striking reversal of disease severity in the mice,
"The drugs that we identified are able to enhance the regenerative capacity of stem cells in the adult nervous system.
"While the drugs proved to have extraordinary effects on mice, their impact on human patients will not be known fully until actual clinical trials.
in addition to the tests with animal cells, they also tested the drugs on human stem cells
if these drugs could also stimulate human OPCS to generate new myelinating cells.""Tesar, who recently received the 2015 International Society for Stem Cell Research Outstanding Young Investigator Award,
said investigators next will work to deepen their understanding of the mechanism by which these drugs act.
researchers will modify the drugs to increase their effectiveness in people. The team is optimized enthusiastic that versions of these two drugs can be advanced to clinical testing for multiple sclerosis in the future,
but Tesar emphasized the danger of trying to use current versions for systemic human administration."
"but off-label use of the current forms of these drugs is more likely to increase other health concerns than alleviate multiple sclerosis symptoms.
We are working tirelessly to ready a safe and effective drug for clinical use.""While multiple sclerosis is the initial focus for translating this research into the clinic,
Any drugs developed that enhance myelination in multiple sclerosis also hold promise for benefiting these other disorders."
"The approach from Case Western Reserve University combines cutting-edge stem cell and drug screening technologies to develop new chemical therapeutics for myelin disorders,
#Researchers discover new drugs to combat the root cause of multiple sclerosis At the pathological level,
These two drugs, miconazole and clobetasol, were found to treat the source of the problem by reversing this process,
and associate professor in the Department of Genetics & Genome Sciences at the Case Western Reserve School of medicine, found seven drugs that enhance generation of mature oligodendrocytes
Miconazole was found to function directly as a remyelinating drug with no effect on the immune system,
whereas clobetasol was found to be a potent immunosuppressant, as well as a remyelinating agent.""To replace damaged cells,
and less invasive approach by using drugs to activate native stem cells already in the adult nervous system
""Drug-based modulation of endogenous stem cells promotes functional remyelination in vivo, "was published in Nature on April 20 0
The surfaces could also be used to test drugs in the lab, Wong says, or perhaps as biomimetic surfaces for implantable tissue scaffolds or neural implants.
He adds that it could potentially be improved for applications in the monitoring of explosives or drugs.
or baggage for drugs or explosives it is useful for the terahertz radiation to be as'broadband'as possible,"
but also for drug use and development: Causal or target genes may be identified better for treatment, and previously unexpected drug interactions and disruptions may be anticipated."
"Biomedical researchers can use these networks and the pathways that they uncover to understand drug action and side effects in the context of specific disease-relevant tissues,
and to repurpose drugs,"Troyanskaya says.""These networks can also be useful for understanding how various therapies work and to help with developing new therapies."
"The researchers have created also an online resource so that other scientists may use Netwas and access the tissue-specific networks.
The modeling of these arrangements could inform the cluster's use as a transporter of pharmaceutical drugs
could allow biomedical engineers to identify appropriate binding sites for drugs used to treat cancer and other diseases.
and other bacteria antibiotic resistance that is about 14,000 base pairs long. The smartphone microscope demonstrated a significant drop in accuracy for 5, 000 base-pair or shorter segments,
Ozcan's group next plans to test their device in the field to detect the presence of malaria-related drug resistance e
If cells are exposed to a drug called etoposide, SIRT1 ubiquitination blocks cell death. However, if cells are exposed to oxidative stress,
potentially leading to more effective therapeutic drugs in the future.""SIRT1 is known to be expressed abnormally in a variety of cancers
what's the best way of getting her drug-packed exosomes to the brain? It looks like a simple nasal spray will do the trick,
say Elena Batrakova and her colleagues at the UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy's Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery.
Getting drugs into the brain is extremely difficult in general because it is protected and isolated from the rest of the body by the blood-brain barrier,
"Traditional drugs--from cold medicine to chemotherapy--are composed of small molecules of a few dozen atoms, typically.
Proteins such as catalase are tens of thousands of times larger than the small molecules that make up traditional drugs.
Since 2010, the FDA has approved vaccines and other immunotherapy drugs for melanoma, prostate cancer, and lung cancer.
The second method involved using drugs that block the activity of arginase. Although both approaches restored nitric oxide production and reversed hypertension in obese rats, the use of arginase-inhibiting drugs may be a better solution."
"Blocking arginase activity offers a more specific approach in treating hypertension, because you are directly targeting the underlying biochemical defect in obesity,
#Bacteria research opens way for new antibiotics University of Adelaide researchers have discovered a target for the development of completely new antibiotics against disease-causing bacteria.
'including those that have developed resistance to a broad range of antibiotics. The PATR was shown to be integral in the transport of the virulence factors to the surface of the bacterial cell,
The antiparasitic drug ivermectin, or IVM, can be used to treat these diseases, but mass public health campaigns to administer the medication have been stalled because of potentially fatal side effects for patients co-infected with Loa loa,
A new study demonstrates for the first time that an antimicrobial dye activated by light avidly adheres to bone to prevent bacteria from growing on bone fragments used in reconstructive surgery
and appear to have excellent antimicrobial properties in the presence of light, "says Noreen Hickok, Ph d.,Associate professor of Orthopedic Surgery at Thomas Jefferson University."
#3d'organoids'grown from patient tumors could personalize drug screening Three-dimensional cultures (or'organoids')derived from the tumors of cancer patients closely replicate key properties of the original tumors,
These'organoid'cultures are amenable to large-scale drug screens for the detection of genetic changes associated with drug sensitivity
As a result, it has been challenging to predict the drug sensitivity of individual patients based on their unique spectrum of genetic mutations.
To link drug sensitivity to genetic changes, the researchers next screened the responses of the organoids to 83 experimental and approved cancer drugs.
the organoids displayed a range of sensitivities to the drugs. In validation of the approach, the researchers identified previously reported associations between specific mutations and resistance to particular drugs.
The organoids also revealed a novel gene-drug association, indicating that the subset of cancer patients with RNF43 mutations would strongly benefit from a drug that inhibits a protein called porcupine."
"At some point in the future, this approach may be suitable for modeling individual patient response to cancer therapies to inform clinical treatment,
"Garnett says. Moving forward, the researchers plan to expand the panel of existing colon organoids as well as develop an organoid biobank for other tumor types."
#Viagra to prevent transmission of the malaria parasite? By increasing the stiffness of erythrocytes infected by the causal agent of malaria,
Viagra favors their elimination from the blood circulation and may therefore reduce transmission of the parasite from humans to mosquitoes.
better known under its brand name of Viagra. The authors showed that this agent, used at a standard dose, had the potential to increase the stiffness of sexual forms of the parasite
Modifying the active substance in Viagra to block its erectile effect or testing similar agents devoid of this adverse effect, could indeed result in a treatment to prevent transmission of the parasite from humans to mosquitoes e
3-D printed'tissue'to help combat disease A bench-top brain that accurately reflects actual brain tissue would be significant for researching not only the effect of drugs,
Pharmaceutical companies spend millions of dollars testing therapeutic drugs on animals only to discover in human trials that the drug has an altogether different level of effectiveness.
We're not sure why, but the human brain differs distinctly from that of an animal.
A bench-top brain that accurately reflects actual brain tissue would be significant for researching not only the effect of drugs,
in addition to providing an experimental test bed for new drugs and electroceuticals.""We are still a long way from printing a brain
but also for more common problems involving maladaptive daily decisions about drug or alcohol use, gambling or credit card binges.
#Scientists determine how antibiotic gains cancer-killing sulfur atoms In a discovery with implications for future drug design,
scientists have shown an unprecedented mechanism for how a natural antibiotic with antitumor properties incorporates sulfur into its molecular structure, an essential ingredient of its antitumor activity.
that include many drugs such as erythromycin (antibacterial) and lovastatin (cholesterol lowering).""Sulfur is critical not only to human life,
one of the co-first authors of the study and a member of the Shen lab."Since polyketide synthases are a large family of enzymes that have been proven amenable for polyketide structural diversity and drug discovery,
"Whereas traditional pharmaceutical drugs have a transient effect, gene editing could possibly provide a permanent cure for a lot of different diseases,
and antibiotic-resistant bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumonia or Escherichia coli i
#Device may detect urinary tract infections faster Sepsis is a major killer and accounts for about half of the hospital deaths in the US by some estimates.
"The next step will involve implementing antibiotic susceptibility testing and automating the sample pre-treatment steps,
It's a major step forward in creating a quantum computer to solve problems such as designing new drugs
The technique should speed the development of drug and diagnostic compounds that would not have been possible otherwise--including powerful hormone-based therapies."
we are talking about 88 million pills; an ecological damage is avoided with the new process."
with antihypertensive properties and is proven to help reduce levels of glucose in the blood;
and in particular the microencapsulated presentation, is antidiabetic by reducing the levels of sugar in the blood,
The most commonly used tranquilizing drug, benzodiazepine, activates GABA receptors in our brains. There are two kinds of GABA receptors.
a drug that stimulates extra-synaptic GABA receptors.""It's like we got them a little inebriated,
However, when scientists put the mice back on the drug and returned them to the box,
"This establishes when the mice were returned to the same brain state created by the drug,
when the extra-synaptic GABA receptors were activated with the drug, they changed the way the stressful event was encoded.
In the drug-induced state, the brain used completely different molecular pathways and neuronal circuits to store the memory."
The drug rerouted the processing of stress-related memories within the brain circuits so that they couldn't be accessed consciously d
exciting advance that may open up possibilities for targeting new drugs to control neurotransmitter release. Many mental disorders, including depression, schizophrenia and anxiety,
better drugs for autoimmune conditions and new ways to expedite recovery from sepsis. The research
"Transplant patients go on immunosuppressants for the rest of their lives, but if we could safely induce paralysis just prior to surgery,
and Drug Administration, is the first and only recapturable and repositionable device commercially available in the United states. It sets a new standard for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in the United states. J. Michael Tuchek,
After the device was approved by the U s. Food and Drug Administration, Loyola became the first Illinois center to offer it outside of a clinical trial.
The materials that pharmaceutical companies use to test drugs'effects on cells don't allow for three-dimensional vascularization, a network of capillaries that carry drugs and other materials throughout the body.
but also aid in drug screening.""The microenvironment actually has a significant effect on how the cells respond to a drug,
"Grolman said.""These companies might have the next big drug, but they might not know it.""
""The long-term vision would be: A patient goes in and finds out they've been diagnosed with some sort of solid tumor,
and building a model of their tissue to use as a personalized drug screening platform.
and do not respond to the drugs or deep brain stimulation used for Parkinson's symptoms.
This multi-device approach, much like multi-drug therapy, may ultimately benefit patients with impaired mobility in a wide variety of rehabilitation settings."
as a result of misdiagnoses can results in new, drug-resistant strains of the disease in addition to increasing costs for malaria medications, Coté notes.
Arraythe team discovered that giving the animals volatile anesthetics, such as halothane, led to decreased bacterial burden and lung injury following infection.
The researchers report that the anesthetics augmented the antibacterial immune response after influenza viral infection by blocking chemical signaling that involves type I interferon
as if the animals were infected never with a prior influenza virus. Array"Our study is giving us more information about how volatile anesthetics work with respect to the immune system,
"Given that these drugs are the most common anesthetics used in the operating room, "there is a serious need to understand how they work
suggest that volatile anesthetics may someday be helpful for combatting seasonal and pandemic influenza, particularly when there are flu vaccine shortages or limitations."
"A therapy based on these inhaled drugs may help deal with new viral and bacterial strains that are resistant to conventional vaccines
"We hope our study opens the door to the development of new drugs and therapies that could change the infectious disease landscape."
"The investigators say they are currently testing an oral small molecule immune modulator in phase 2 clinical trials that acts like volatile anesthetics to help reduce secondary infections after someone becomes sick with the flu u
"Simultaneously employing different drugs to target different cancer subclasses could prevent remission, scientists have proposed. One powerful single-cell analytic technique for exploring CNV is whole genome sequencing.
Targeting pathogens and parasites with medicines like antibiotics, or dealing with the conditions that allow transmission.
and used drugs to block their ability to transport potassium. Blocking potassium efflux created cells that were resistant to E. histolytica."
"There is a clear need for new drugs targeting E. histolytica, "Petri says.""Right now there is a single antibiotic that works against this parasite.
We know that eventually the parasite will develop resistance to the antibiotic and at that point there's no plan B. This could be the plan B--targeting the human genes that enable the parasite to cause disease."
"Marie is pushing forward. She recently learned from a mentor at John's Hopkins how to isolate stem cells from human tissue to grow
#Pancreatic cancer subtypes discovered in largest gene expression analysis of the disease to date Dense surrounding tissue can block drugs from reaching pancreatic cancer tumors,
Each of these products is a potential new drug. One of them has already been identified as an antibiotic.
The researchers report their findings in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Phosphonates are an abundant and diverse class of natural signaling molecules that have already proved useful to medicine and agriculture
because we know they are predisposed strongly to have biological activity--antibiotic activity, antiviral activity, herbicidal activity,
two are used commercially--one as a clinical antibiotic and one as an herbicide--and another one is now in clinical trials to treat malaria,
"This 15 percent drug-development success rate is much higher than the 0. 1 percent average estimated for natural products as a whole."
including those with antibiotic properties and others with previously unknown structures, "Ju said.""In other words, we have doubled essentially the inventory of phosphonate natural products identified to date."
The researchers describe the new findings as a proof of concept that genome mining can be used on a scale that will speed the process of drug discovery,
which are among the most promising new drug leads.""These biologically produced small molecules have been the source of,
Natural products also are needed a much source of new antibiotics.""To this day, natural products make up 75 percent of all of our antibiotics--either the natural products themselves or derivatives thereof,
"van der Donk said.""Our study shows that genome mining is not only a viable route to new natural products,
#New drug-like compounds may improve odds of men battling prostate cancer, researchers find Researchers at Southern Methodist University,
Dallas, have discovered three new drug-like compounds that could ultimately offer better odds of survival to prostate cancer patients.
The drug-like compounds can be modified and developed into medicines that target a protein in the human body that is responsible for chemotherapy resistance in cancers,
So far there's no approved drug on the market that reverses cancer chemotherapy resistance caused by P-glycoprotein
One potential drug, Tariquidar, is currently in clinical trials, but in the past, other potential drugs have failed at that stage."
"The problem when a person has cancer is that the treatment itself is composed of cellular toxins--the chemotherapeutics that prevent the cells from dividing.
who is director of SMU's Center for Drug Discovery, Design, and Delivery.""Sometimes, however, the cancer returns,"she said."
After initial exposure, the cells surviving the chemo make so much P-gp that it allows the cells to pump the chemotherapy drugs straight back out of the cells during subsequent rounds of treatment."
"As a result, P-gp causes resistance of the diseased cells to a majority of drugs currently available for the treatment of cancer,
as well as drugs used for treatment of infectious diseases like HIV/AIDS. Using computer-generated model speeds up the drug discovery process The new drug-like compounds discovered by Vogel
and her co-authors offer hope that using a computer-generated P-gp model, explained here http://bit. ly/1lvmr7a,
chemical and biological functions of the protein in the human body, will speed up the drug discovery process
so that's a pretty good predictor that they may be good candidates for drug development. But we need to do much more work."
so it can eventually be delivered to patients as a therapeutic drug. In the case reported here,
The timeline from drug discovery to development to clinical trials and approval can take a decade or more.
Researchers virtually screened 15 million drug-like compounds via SMU supercomputer The SMU researchers discovered the three hit compounds after virtually screening more than 15 million small drug-like compounds made publically available
including interactions with drug-like compounds while taking on different shapes. The ultra-high throughput computational searches by Maneframe led the researchers to 300 compounds that looked like they may inhibit P-gp.
Also, each was tested on a companion cell line already multi-drug resistant, as if the patient already had undergone chemotherapy using Paclitaxel.
#New drug-like compounds may improve odds of men battling prostate cancer, researchers find Researchers at Southern Methodist University,
Dallas, have discovered three new drug-like compounds that could ultimately offer better odds of survival to prostate cancer patients.
The drug-like compounds can be modified and developed into medicines that target a protein in the human body that is responsible for chemotherapy resistance in cancers,
So far there's no approved drug on the market that reverses cancer chemotherapy resistance caused by P-glycoprotein
One potential drug, Tariquidar, is currently in clinical trials, but in the past, other potential drugs have failed at that stage."
"The problem when a person has cancer is that the treatment itself is composed of cellular toxins--the chemotherapeutics that prevent the cells from dividing.
who is director of SMU's Center for Drug Discovery, Design, and Delivery.""Sometimes, however, the cancer returns,"she said."
After initial exposure, the cells surviving the chemo make so much P-gp that it allows the cells to pump the chemotherapy drugs straight back out of the cells during subsequent rounds of treatment."
"As a result, P-gp causes resistance of the diseased cells to a majority of drugs currently available for the treatment of cancer,
as well as drugs used for treatment of infectious diseases like HIV/AIDS. Using computer-generated model speeds up the drug discovery process The new drug-like compounds discovered by Vogel
and her co-authors offer hope that using a computer-generated P-gp model, explained here http://bit. ly/1lvmr7a,
chemical and biological functions of the protein in the human body, will speed up the drug discovery process
so that's a pretty good predictor that they may be good candidates for drug development. But we need to do much more work."
so it can eventually be delivered to patients as a therapeutic drug. In the case reported here,
The timeline from drug discovery to development to clinical trials and approval can take a decade or more.
Researchers virtually screened 15 million drug-like compounds via SMU supercomputer The SMU researchers discovered the three hit compounds after virtually screening more than 15 million small drug-like compounds made publically available
including interactions with drug-like compounds while taking on different shapes. The ultra-high throughput computational searches by Maneframe led the researchers to 300 compounds that looked like they may inhibit P-gp.
Also, each was tested on a companion cell line already multi-drug resistant, as if the patient already had undergone chemotherapy using Paclitaxel.
#Researchers work to improve antibiotic effectiveness Virginia Tech researchers have discovered a new group of antibiotics that may provide relief to some of the more than 2 million people in the United states affected by antibiotic resistance.
The new antibiotics target the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, or staph, and the antibiotic resistant strains commonly known as MRSA, short for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
In 2013, invasive MRSA infections were estimated responsible for an 9, 937 deaths in the U s. Although current infection rates are declining, the majority of these deaths, about 8,
shows that the potential new antibiotics are unlike contemporary antibiotics because they contain iridium, a silvery-white transition metal.
which is important for delivery of antibiotics to where they are needed to fight infections in the body.
"Researchers showed the antibiotics effectively kill the bacteria without inhibiting mammalian cells. A version of the antibiotic was tested for toxicity in mice with no ill effects."
"We are still at the beginning of developing and testing these antibiotics but, so far, our preliminary results show a new group of antibiotics that are effective and safe,
"said Joseph Falkinham, a professor of microbiology in the College of Science and an affiliate of the Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery."
"Within the next few years, we hope to identify various characteristics of these antibiotics, such as their stability, their distribution and concentration in animal tissue, their penetration into white blood cells,
and their metabolism in animals.""The team is currently testing the compounds in human cell lines and so far,
the cells have remained normal and healthy. This discovery comes at a time when antibiotic resistance is a significant health concern all over the world, for people and for livestock.
Last September, the U s. federal government issued an executive order to combat the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria,
stating that it"represents a serious threat to public health and the economy.""In March, a National Action Plan outlined critical next steps for key federal agencies and departments.
antibiotic resistance is a problem that adds around $20 billion annually to health care costs in the U s."The biggest question scientists have to ask to tackle antibiotic resistance is,
Fortunately, these new organometallic antibiotics are coming at a time when bacteria have not evolved to resist them,
who is also an affiliate of the Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery. In both the U s. and Europe, the spread of MRSA is a major threat to people in hospitals and other health care facilities.
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