Synopsis: Ict: Data:

and data travels between cores in packets of fixed size. This week, at the International Symposium on Computer architecture, Peh group unveiled a 36-core chip that features just such a etwork-on-Chip in addition to implementing many of the group earlier ideas

or ensuring that coreslocally stored copies of globally accessible data remain up to date. In today chips, all the cores typically somewhere between two and six are connected by a single wire,

a local, high-speed memory bank in which it stores frequently used data. As it performs computations,

it updates the data in its cache, and every so often, it undertakes the relatively time-consuming chore of shipping the data back to main memory.

But what happens if another core needs the data before it been shipped? Most chips address this question with a protocol called noopy,

because it involves snooping on other corescommunications. When a core needs a particular chunk of data, it broadcasts a request to all the other cores,

and whichever one has the data ships it back. If all the cores share a bus,

then when one of them receives a data request, it knows that it the most recent request that been issued.

Similarly, when the requesting core gets data back, it knows that it the most recent version of the data.

But in a network-on-chip data is flying everywhere, and packets will frequently arrive at different cores in different sequences.

The implicit ordering that the snoopy protocol relies on breaks down. Daya, Peh, and their colleagues solve this problem by equipping their chips with a second network, which shadows the first.

The circuits connected to this network are very simple: All they can do is declare that their associated cores have sent requests for data over the main network.

But precisely because those declarations are so simple, nodes in the shadow network can combine them

#Who s using your data? By now most people feel comfortable conducting financial transactions on the Web.

As more of our data moves online a more pressing concern may be its inadvertent misuse by people authorized to access it.

At the same time tighter restrictions on access could undermine the whole point of sharing data. Coordination across agencies and providers could be the key to quality medical care;

which will automatically monitor the transmission of private data and allow the data owner to examine how it s being used.

At the IEEE s Conference on Privacy Security and Trust in July Oshani Seneviratne an MIT graduate student in electrical engineering and computer science and Lalana Kagal a principal research scientist at CSAIL will present a paper

With HTTPA each item of private data would be assigned its own uniform resource identifier (URI) a key component of the Semantic web a new set of technologies championed by W3c that would convert the Web from essentially a collection of searchable

text files into a giant database. Remote access to a Web server would be controlled much the way it is now through passwords and encryption.

But every time the server transmitted a piece of sensitive data it would also send a description of the restrictions on the data s use.

But HTTPA compliance could become a selling point for companies offering services that handle private data.

if it reuses data supplied by another HTTPA-compliant source. Suppose for instance that a consulting specialist in a network of physicians wishes to access data created by a patient s primary-care physician

and suppose that she wishes to augment the data with her own notes. Her system would then create its own record with its own URI.

But using standard Semantic web techniques it would mark that record as derived from the PCP s record

When the data owner requests an audit the servers work through the chain of derivations identifying all the people who have accessed the data and what they ve done with it.

Redundant storage of the same data on multiple servers serves two purposes: First it ensures that

if some servers go down data will remain accessible. And second it provides a way to determine

whether anyone has tried to tamper with the transaction logs for a particular data item such as to delete the record of an illicit use.

and filled it with data supplied by 25 volunteers. She then simulated a set of transactions pharmacy visits referrals to specialists use of anonymized data for research purposes

and the like that the volunteers reported as having occurred over the course of a year.

in experiments the system efficiently tracked down data stored across the network and handled the chains of inference necessary to audit the propagation of data across multiple providers.

In practice audit servers could be maintained by a grassroots network much like the servers that host Bittorrent files or log Bitcoin transactions s

That why KGS aims to ake buildings betterwith cloud-based software, called Clockworks, that collects existing data on a building equipment specifically in HVAC (heating, ventilation,

The software then translates the data into graphs, metrics, and text that explain monetary losses, where it available for building managers, equipment manufacturers,

is one of a few ventures gathering quipment-level data, gathered through various sensors, actuators, and meters attached to equipment that measure functionality.

Clockworks sifts through that massive store of data, measuring temperatures, pressures, flows, set points, and control commands, among other things.

it helps the software to rapidly equate data with monetary losses. hen we identify that there a fault with the right data,

Seeing building data as an emerging tool for fault-detection and diagnostics, however, they turned to Samouhosphd dissertation,

and a framework for an early KGS module. e all came together anticipating that the building industry was about to change a lot in the way it uses data,

where you take the data, you figure out what not working well, and do something about it,

Liberating data By bringing all this data about building equipment to the cloud, the technology has plugged into the nternet of thingsa concept where objects would be connected, via embedded chips and other methods, to the Internet for inventory and other purposes.

Data on HVAC systems have been connected through building automation for some time. KGS however, can connect that data to cloud-based analytics and extract eally rich informationabout equipment,

Gayeski says. For instance, he says, the startup has quick-response codes like a barcode for each piece of equipment it measures,

so people can read all data associated with it. s more and more devices are connected readily to the Internet,

Gayeski says. nd that data can be liberated from its local environment to the cloud, Grace adds.

and other sensors begins to nlock the data in the residential scale, Gayeski says, GS could adapt over time into that space, as well. o

High-speed 3-D imaging Neurons encode information sensory data motor plans, emotional states, and thoughts using electrical impulses called action potentials,

which currently takes a few minutes to analyze one second of imaging data. The researchers also plan to combine this technique with optogenetics,

Their system can receive data in the form of eight images per frame of video

Spreading pixels Oliver Cossairt, an assistant professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, once worked for a company that was attempting to commercialize glasses-free 3-D projectors. hat

which is what projection optics does moved essentially the pixels away from each other, Cossairt continues. hat allowed them to break this invariance

and nobody has given us labeled training data saying There are two pieces in a dive and seven pieces in a weightlifting and 21 pieces in a hammer throw and these are their names.

Van Voorhis used experimental data gathered in samples specially synthesized by Baldo and Timothy Swager, MIT John D. Macarthur Professor of Chemistry.

The researchers are pleased with the agreement between their experimental and theoretical data especially given the systems being modeled.

but it can benefit from a bunch of extra data that you haven labeled in detail. a

and provides real-time data thanks to using exoelectrogens as sensors. hese bugs are generating electricity,

Another important application for this test could be studying fundamental biological processes such as how cells recruit backup repair systems to fill in

The study covers prices of thousands of products, drawing on data from four major international firms:

Online pricing data was crapedusing a harvesting technique that Rigobon and Cavallo first developed for the illion Prices Project,

They would also like to collect more data illuminating how companies set prices when new goods are introduced first.

who was involved not in this research. hat nice here is that this is a comprehensive approach to try to get a good amount of data on many different cells.

The researchers believe there may be still more types of neurons that did not appear in their data set

and paper or spreadsheets to track contamination hich makes it nearly impossible to gather large amounts of data,

nature provides a rich database of phages which target desired bacteria. Thus, by sourcing from nature, we can adapt the platform to other pathogens and applications,

The startup also collects operational data from the vehicles to inform fleet managers of the best vehicles for the technology usually ones traveling in the stop

As a patient moves the robot arm, the robot collects motion data, including the patient arm speed, movement smoothness, and aim.

For the current study, the researchers collected such data from 208 patients who worked with the robot seven days after suffering a stroke,

The researchers created an artificial neural network map that relates a patient motion data to a score that correlates with a standard clinical outcome measurement.

but the MIT researchers are the first to use it to link fmri and MEG data from human subjects.

and twice in an MEG scanner giving the researchers a huge set of data on the timing and location of brain activity.

Millisecond by millisecond By analyzing this data, the researchers produced a timeline of the brain object-recognition pathway that is very similar to results previously obtained by recording electrical signals in the visual cortex of monkeys,

The MIT researchers are now using representational similarity analysis to study the accuracy of computer models of vision by comparing brain scan data with the modelspredictions of how vision works.

Also, the APA can function as a backup for a helicopter if something goes awry with the primary hoist:

and replace it with the most memorable one in our database we want your face to still look like you.

More memorable or lessthe system could ultimately be used in a smartphone app to allow people to modify a digital image of their face before uploading it to their social networking pages.

To develop the memorability algorithm the team first fed the software a database of more than 2000 images.

#3-D images with only one photon per pixel Lidar rangefinders which are common tools in surveying

and Computer science and lead author on the new paper explains the very idea of forming an image with only a single photon detected at each pixel location is counterintuitive.

The way a camera senses images is through different numbers of detected photons at different pixels Kirmani says.

each location in the grid corresponds to a pixel in the final image. The technique known as raster scanning is how old cathode ray tube-tube televisions produced images illuminating one phosphor dot on the screen at a time.

It guides the filtering process by assuming that adjacent pixels will more often than not have similar reflective properties

"Kadambi says. hat is because the light that bounces off the transparent object and the background smear into one pixel on the camera.

and returns to strike the pixel. Since the speed of light is known, it is then simple for the camera to calculate the distance the signal has travelled

when the data comes back, we can do calculations that are very common in the telecommunications world,

and apply sophisticated computation to the resulting data, Davis says. ormally the computer scientists who could invent the processing on this data can build the devices,

and the people who can build the devices cannot really do the computation, he says. his combination of skills

using data generated from a new type of microscope that Landry built to image the interactions between the carbon nanotube coronas

so this is a step forward in getting more data to address the problem of how to design a target for a specific molecule,

Our data suggested if you block the MK2 pathway tumor cells wouldn t recognize that they had DNA damage

and Dust environment Explorer (LADEE) spacecraft had made history by using a pulsed laser beam to transmit data over the 239000 miles from the moon to Earth at a record-breaking data-download speed of 622 megabits per second (Mbps). This download speed is more than six times faster than the speed achieved by the best

LLCD also demonstrated a data-upload speed of 20 Mbps on a laser beam transmitted from a ground station in New mexico to the LADEE spacecraft in lunar orbit;

and exploration missions to deep space are constrained by the amount of data they can get back to Earth.

and power on their spacecraft for the much higher data return they can get. Q:

In one case, the developers of a program that performs database searches refused to believe that their code had bugs,

That algorithm however is for analyzing high-quality visual data in familiar settings. Because the Bingham distribution is a tool for reasoning probabilistically it promises even greater advantages in contexts where information is patchy or unreliable.

Generally determining an object s orientation entails trying to superimpose a geometric model of the object over visual data captured by a camera in the case of Glover s work a Microsoft Kinect camera

In experiments involving visual data about particularly cluttered scenes depicting the kinds of environments in which a household robot would operate Glover s algorithm had about the same false positive-rate rate as the best existing algorithm:

because we have the recording data to show how this compulsive sugar-seeking happens, Nieh says,

In one night, the cars can generate more than 3 terabytes of data, which is downloaded to an onboard system and processed at the startup Boston headquarters.

To do so, Sarma helped develop software that brings in household and demographic data such as information on householdsmortgage payments

Based on data from across the United states, for example, a household with three children is about 8 percent more likely to seal up leaks than a household with two children,

and using other data, have no building-envelope scans, so they can really determine if the envelope is indeed the culprit.

el switch the frame rate of the cameras to catch more data, but that changes everything else in the software.

Predicting adhesion Using this data, the researchers created a model to help them alter the composition of the material depending on the circumstances.

and provide backup for renewable energy sources that produce intermittent output, such as wind and solar power. But Chiang says the technology is suited also well to applications where weight

one of their biggest limitations is the capacity of their tiny batteries to deliver enough power to transmit data.

which are needed for brief transmissions of data from wearable devices such as heart-rate monitors, computers, or smartphones, the researchers say.

nd it needs to broadcast data, for example using Wi-fi, over a long distance. At the moment, the coin-sized batteries used in many small electronic devices have limited very ability to deliver a lot of power at once,

which is what such data transmissions need. ong-distance Wi-fi requires a fair amount of power,

Green says. nd our empirical data show that the new SCW method does make less coke than the conventional process,

Now MIT spinout Cambridge Electronics Inc. CEI) has announced a line of Gan transistors and power electronic circuits that promise to cut energy usage in data centers, electric cars,

CEI is using its transistors to enable power electronics that will make data centers less energy-intensive

is better power electronics for data centers run by Google, Amazon, Facebook, and other companies, to power the cloud.

Currently, these data centers eat up about 2 percent of electricity in the United states. But Gan-based power electronics

which data can be analyzed and shared is improving. Already, much of the world interacts with sensors on a daily, if not hourly,

The technology uses mobile phones and tablets to collect data on where people are and how theye moving.

This kind of data can be used to ease the flow of urban traffic and optimize retail setups.

but providing longitudinal data on the dog health. The data from the sensors can show

if the dog is under unusual stress or if a chronic health condition may be worsening.

The finding has the potential to increase graphene's use in computers as in computer chips that use electronic spin to store data.

This enhanced resolution at the diffraction limit of light is critical for data storage digital imaging and security applications.

In these arrays each pixel was an 800-nanometer-long square containing four aluminum nanodisks.

Consequently by varying the diameter of the four aluminum nanodisks in a pixel (all four nanodisks having the same diameter) the scientists were able to produce about 15 distinct colors#a good start

(but keeping all four diameters within a pixel the same) and the spacing between adjacent nanodisks in a pixel (see image).

Using the data from this study carbon nanoparticles coated with genetically-engineered proteins are being used to target glioblastoma the most aggressive form of brain tumour.

or colors of light within the same pixel researchers have developed a new method for making 3d color prints.

Each pixel can exhibit one of two colors depending on the polarization of the light used to illuminate it.

So by viewing the pixels under light of both polarizations two separate images can be seen.

We have created possibly the smallest-ever stereoscopic images using pixels formed from plasmonic nanostructures Yang told Phys. org.

For example a 130-nm x 190-nm elliptical pixel appears green under y-polarized light

Comparing the two pixel shapes the researchers found that the elliptical pixels have a broader range of polarization-dependent colors

while the nanosquare dimer pixels have lower levels of cross-talk minimizing unwanted mixing of colors.

The researchers also note that it's possible to make pixels that can encode not just two but three or more images in a single pixel.

pixels are illuminated by a white LED backlight that passes through blue, red, and green filters to produce the colors on the screen.

With more light shining through the pixels, LCD TVS equipped with Color IQ produce 100 percent of the color gamut,

or computer screen that are produced solely by combinations of red, green and blue pixels. The yellows, oranges and purples those displays make,

While STM can provide vast quantities of data about the electronic structural and magnetic properties of materials at atomic resolution its Achilles heel is its inability to characterize elemental species

The team also developed a filter circuit that separates the chemical and magnetic data from the x-ray-induced currents

and topographical data from conventional tunneling effects into two channels allowing them to be recorded separately without mutual interference.

but there's been a lot in the press in the last year about who has access to Google's data and under

what circumstances says Graham referring to reports of Government agencies accessing user data from tech companies like Google and Facebook.

While this combined crystallographic and electronic data confirmed and clarified the earlier work temperature effects still needed to be explored with atomic precision.

The corroborating data in the three studies points to flaws in the chemistry and architecture of NCA batteries including the surprising atomic asymmetries

Between them, the two techniques can yield detailed data on the performance of a given BCP patterning system.

The data, the researchers say, are most valuable for testing and refining computer models.""Our measurements are both fairly time-consuming,

In the past researchers could obtain either high-resolution optical images or electrophysiological data but not both at the same time.

This new method of graphene fabrication by self-assembly is a stepping stone toward the production of self-assembled graphene devices that will vastly improve the performance of data storage circuits batteries and electronics.

The teams created two types of quantum bits or qubits the building blocks for quantum computers that each process quantum data with an accuracy above 99%.

nanoscale data storage within striking reach, using technology that mimics the human brain. The researchers have built a novel nanostructure that offers a new platform for the development of highly stable and reliable nanoscale memory devices.

The pioneering work will feature on a forthcoming cover of materials science journal Advanced Functional Materials (11 november.

"The structure we developed could be used for a range of electronic applications from ultrafast memory devices that can be shrunk down to a few nanometers,

Researchers are therefore searching for ways to harness other properties of electrons such as the'spin'of an electron as data carriers in the hope that this will lead to devices that consume less power.

They expect that such devices could play a role in developing microelectronic circuits that would use light instead of electrons to carry data

Analyzing the data using a sophisticated model developed at MIT the researchers discovered that only a small percentage of nanoparticles absorbed and released ions during charging even

#First graphene-based flexible display produced A flexible display incorporating graphene in its pixels'electronics has been demonstrated successfully by the Cambridge Graphene Centre and Plastic Logic,

except it is made of flexible plastic instead of Glass in contrast to conventional displays, the pixel electronics,

The new 150 pixel per inch (150 ppi) backplane was made at low temperatures (less than 100°C) using Plastic Logic's Organic Thin Film Transistor (OTFT) technology.

"We are happy to see our collaboration with Plastic Logic resulting in the first graphene-based electrophoretic display exploiting graphene in its pixels'electronics,

and light along the same tiny wire a finding that could be a step towards building computer chips capable of transporting digital information at the speed of light.

and a data curve is produced based on the time it takes for the voltage to drop back down to its dark state.

These resulting data provide additional information about the recombination effects in the device that impedance spectroscopy is unable to provide.

In the current work Graphene based photodetectors were integrated in a conventional silicon photonic platform designed for future on-chip applications in the area of ultrafast data communication.

Supercapacitors have an expanding range of applications as their capabilities increase from powering computer memory backup to powering electric vehicles.

This means that optical data storage devices such as CDS, DVDS or Blu-ray could potentially expand their storage limits."

"Our work can already explain the numerical discrepancies in the existing experimental data. We believe that it will also prompt new experiments focusing on the dynamical properties of the atoms at nanostructures,

and the hard data took us in a completely different direction. I have never been happier about being wrong.

and form the basis of countless electronic devices such as memory chips photovoltaic cells logic gates and sensors. An interesting alternative to inorganic TFTS (silicon) is organic TFTS (OTFTS)

and Park helped analyze the data a

#New material allows for ultra-thin solar cells Extremely thin, semitransparent, flexible solar cells could soon become reality.

Many previous methods used to analyze such battery materials have produced data that average out effects over the entire electrode.

and spectroscopic data-a sort of electrochemical"fingerprint"that reveals, pixel by pixel, where lithium ions remain in the material,

where they've been removed leaving only iron phosphate, and other potentially interesting electrochemical details. The scientists used these methods to analyze samples made up of multiple nanoscale particles in a real battery electrode under operating conditions (in operando.

the pixel-by-pixel images show that the transformation from lithiated to delithiated iron phosphate proceeds inhomogeneously.

of which can be compared directly to experimental data said Chris Marianetti a professor of materials science at Columbia University and coauthor of the study.

and it could prove useful in experiments where existing techniques can't provide reliable data. b

She adds that these biosensors will need to be integrated with optical components, with electronics for reading out the measurements, software to process all data,

They observed the metal atoms becoming charged ions, clustering with up to thousands of others into metal nanoparticles,

and flash memory devices. Even heads-up displays on vehicle dashboards could soon be a reality. The new technology also has major medical implications.

which memory chips are built. To obtain medical information from a patient such as heart rate or brainwave data,

stiff electrode objects are placed on several fixed locations on the patient's body. With this new hybridized circuit

A team from Japanese#mobile carrier#NTT Docomo created augmented reality glasses that scan for text in Japanese translate the text through an online database

With that data the machine paints a fairly distinct portrait of the liquid and a simple computer interface shows the most important information about#the liquids in#a giant colored circle:

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