the first author of the study published in Nature Genetics.''This could potentially benefit those who are at danger from lack of pain perception and help in the development of new treatments for pain relief.'
which are able to switch other genes on and off-an epigenetic effect. By studying mouse and frog embryos as well as human stem cells
Epigenetic effects have been linked to pain sensitivity (see Bionews 741) and possibilities for using these mechanisms as a basis for treatments of pain are already being investigated.
Blood samples were analysed using a technique called'massively parallel sequencing'to look for an excess of genetic material from chromosome 21
The researchers, who presented their findings at the European Society of Human genetics conference in Glasgow,
#Study paves way for genetics-first approach to brain cancer treatment Two US studies have identified specific genetic mutations in gliomas
Previous studies have looked at the genomes of those with autism to identify the genes that might be responsible,
'Instead of starting from genetics, we've started with the biology of the disorder itself to try to get a window into the genome,
and potentially decide on a drug choice based on some of the genetic testing copy number variations of certain genes that you would find in the sample taken from the patient. he technology also removes barriers to testing that cities
The UC Berkeley team realized that the only way to clarify such vague classifications was to sequence the genomes of these organisms,
Colleagues at the Department of energy Joint Genome Institute shotgun-sequenced the DNA of all the microbes in the filtered sample,
a technique known as metagenomic analysis. Banfield team then assembled the millions of DNA pieces into eight complete bacterial genomes from four new and one previously studied phyla,
and draft genomes most of them more than 90 percent complete for 789 other bacteria. They are lumping the 35-plus phyla into a cluster they call the andidate phyla radiationbecause of their similarities to one another
and small genomes, may be the reason they can be grown in lab culture: they are stripped-down life forms with the barebones requirement of genes,
The new discovery allowed the team not only to define about a third of all bacterial phyla but, thanks to the nearly complete genomes
the multi-protein machines that translate genetic instructions into proteins. he unusual ribosomes, the small genomes between 600 and 1,
Hetzer suspects that other nucleoporins also have roles in gene expression control, but cautions that the roles could be very differentach nucleoporin,
and developmental disorders might actually be caused by the ability of these genes to regulate gene expression programs.
"The tool and its proof-of-concept testing were reported June 12 in the journal Molecular and Cellular Proteomics.
Through modern mass spectrometry proteomics techniques, scientists have identified more than 300,000 post-translational modifications (PTMS) in different families of proteins across numerous species. These PTMS come in many forms, resulting
and they expect to see their program become part of informatics systems used to analyze large volumes of proteomics data emerging from labs around the world."
. assistant professor in the Department of Ophthalmology and a researcher in UNC Gene therapy Center and Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, developed the experimental treatment in studies conducted at UNC.
This trial is the first in history to deliver gene therapy through the spinal fluid to test the potential to achieve broad treatment of the spinal cord and brain (central nervous system or CNS.
and wee already seeing clear application of this approach to treat other diseases studied in my lab. ray serves as an associate investigator on the trial as does R. Jude Samulski, Ph d.,director of the UNC Gene therapy Center."
"This specific study represents a culmination of years of basic research from the UNC Gene therapy Center
if we could'help save her child',to last week gene therapy administration; a remarkable and humbling journey that I privileged to be a part of."
"This first intrathecal (into the spinal fluid) delivery of a viral gene therapy vector in a human patient is a fundamental step towards developing a causal treatment for giant axonal neuropathy (GAN), a devastating progressive neurogenetic
The array has been optimized in collaboration with Professor Jacqueline Schoumans from the Lausanne University Hospital in Switzerland, an expert in both acgh and cancer genomics.
immunology and molecular genetics and a director of the signal transduction and therapeutics program at the Jonsson Cancer Center. his demonstrates the effectiveness of our treatment
sirna has been shown to effectively shut down gene expression in tumor cells grown in the laboratory. But the technique had not been effective in living organisms
The team developed a series of genetic parts that can be used to precisely program gene expression within the bacteria. sing these parts
or biosensors, in bacteria that are placed then in the gut, this paper stands out from the crowd by first engineering a member of the Bacteroides genus,
a senior investigator at the Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular disease and a professor of medical genetics and cellular and molecular pharmacology at UC San francisco. his technology could help us quickly screen for drugs likely to generate cardiac birth defects,
For future experiments, Ruder is building real-world robots that will have the ability to read bacterial gene expression levels in E coli using miniature fluorescent microscopes.
According to Adaptimmune, the trial is published the first study of lentiviral vector mediated TCR gene expression in humans.
a genomics professor who's using an iphone app to study asthma at New york's Icahn School of medicine at Mount sinai."
scientists have devised a new strategy to precisely modify human T cells using the genome-editing system known as CRISPR/Cas9.
and inexpensively edit genetic information in virtually any organism. T cells, which circulate in the blood, are an obvious candidate for medical applications of the technology,
But in practice, editing T cell genomes with CRISPR/Cas9 has proved surprisingly difficult, said Alexander Marson, Ph d.,a UCSF Sandler Fellow,
The new work was done under the auspices of the Innovative Genomics Initiative (IGI), a joint UC Berkeley-UCSF program co-directed by Berkeley Jennifer Doudna, Ph d,
and allows new genetic sequences to be inserted, has generally been introduced into cells using viruses or circular bits of DNA called plasmids.
so there increasing clinical infrastructure that we could potentially piggyback on as we work out more details of genome editing,
when they divide each new cell has a complete genome. Mitotic spindles are made of microtubules
A cell needs to share chromosomes accurately when it divides otherwise the two new cells can end up with the wrong number of chromosomes.
This is called aneuploidy and this has been linked to a range of tumours in different body organs.
The mitotic spindle is responsible for sharing the chromosomes and the researchers at the University believe that the mesh is needed to give structural support.
and cells had trouble sharing chromosomes during division. Dr Emma Smith, senior science communications officer at Cancer Research UK, said:
roblems in cell division are common in cancer cells frequently end up with the wrong number of chromosomes.
This early research provides the first glimpse of a structure that helps share out a cell chromosomes correctly
suggests research published today in the journal Nature Genetics. The ytospongesits within a pill which,
Professor Fitzgerald and colleagues carried out whole genome sequencing to analyse paired Barrett oesophagus and oesophageal cancer samples taken at one point in time from 23 patients,
The researchers found patterns of mutations in the genome where one etterof DNA might change to another,
but no cancer, to a situation where large pieces of genetic information were being transferred not just between genes but between chromosomes.
"Our new protein-making factory holds promise to expand the genetic code in a unique and transformative way, providing exciting opportunities for synthetic biology and biomolecular engineering,
Even better news is that the transgenic cats have passed successfully both traits (glowing and resistance) along to their offspring.
a rare hereditary disease in which a mutation of the MEN1 gene on chromosome 11 makes patients susceptible to developing both benign
#Wall street journal Highlights Promising Gene therapy Advances Yesterday, bluebird bio reported some very uplifting news at the annual meeting of the American Society of Hematology.
have been able to forgo transfusions for at least five months following a gene therapy treatment from bluebird.
Professor Banfield and her colleagues sequenced the genomes of organisms found in ground water at a site beside the Colorado river in Rifle Colorado.
They then assembled the millions of DNA pieces into eight complete bacterial genomes from four new and one previously studied phyla.
They also produced draft genomes more than 90 per cent complete for a further 789 other bacteria.
the protein-based machinery that translate genetic information into proteins. They have placed them into an entirely new branch of the tree of life they have called the'candidate phyla radiation'due to their similarities to each other.
They have extremely small genomes and appear to be stripped down'forms of life with just enough genes needed to survive.
dubbed the oogle Maps of genomes, will help scientists correlate information on organisms. And the ultimate goal is to choose organisms with specific genes to create something with certain characteristics.
But understanding the genetics means it is now possible to engineer a microbe like yeast to do the job.
Gene therapy that restores hearing in mice could be used on humans in just five years By Ellie Zolfagharifard For Dailymail. com and Reuters Published:
01:22 GMT, 9 july 2015 Gene therapy to treat hereditary human deafness could be available within five years.
Separately, a similar Novartis gene therapy trial is under way to help restore hearing in people who have become deaf through damage or disease.
when safety scares set back research, gene therapy is enjoying a renaissance. The technique has had positive clinical results recently in conditions ranging from blood diseases to blindness.'
'It's an exciting time for gene therapy in hearing.''A key element in current optimism is the development of better and safer viral delivery systems for getting corrective genes into the body.
who is co-senior author of the study with Dr. Bruce Conklin, a senior investigator at the Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular disease and a professor of medical genetics and cellular and molecular pharmacology at UC San francisco.'
#Harvard Yale scientists develop technique to make GMOS safer A new milestone has been reached by scientists at Ivy League universities Yale and Harvard;
they have discovered a method to prevent genetically modified organisms (GMOS) from escaping into the wild. This technique is a powerful breath through in the mission to build stable, synthetic life forms.
The cells that carry an alternative genetic code will make them dependent on an artificial nutrient not available in nature.
George Church, a genetics professor at Harvard Medical school oversaw one of the studies that was published Wednesday in the journal Nature,
and compered the study to putting GMOS n a leash. The ability to alter an organisms genetic composition has been entertained one long by scientists and the plot of dozens of sci-fi movies and novels.
since DNA cages and bunny rabbits don have to act as genetic material for a cell, they have a much narrower list of chemical requirements than natural DNA.
on-GMO ot treated with growth hormone o added preservatives Our 35%obesity rate in the US,
which approved the first GMO in 1980. Unhealthy, or even unsafe, became collateral damage in the ar on Poverty Ironically,
#IBM joins forces with Mars taps genomics to boost food safety Tech heavyweight IBM has joined forces with food manufacturing giant Mars in an attempt to boost global food safety.
Scientists from the two companies have founded the Consortium for Sequencing the Food supply Chain tapping advances in genomics to gain a better understanding of food safety.
Metagenomics is using genomics to identify the microorganisms in a sample to determine whether they are healthy
As per BBC News, authors of a study distributed in the Nature journal sequenced the genomes of 120 different birds of 17 species. Darwin backed his Theory of Natural selection with the finches,
lead analyst Leif Andersson, a professor of functional genomics at Uppsala University, the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, said in a press release.
the research is a major step forward in pharmacology and builds on earlier work in optogenetics, a technology that makes individual brain cells sensitive to light
Nanoflares have been very useful for researchers that operate in the arena of quantifying gene expression. Aurasense, Inc.,a biotechnology company that licensed the Nanoflare technology from the university,
That finding dispels concerns that the genetic material will quickly degrade in rain and sunlight. In the proof-of-principle study researchers wanted to answer
Geneticists have used the technique to silence specific genes examine what functions are lost and hence learn that gene purpose.
Ronald laboratory has been studying rice genetics and disease resistance for more than two decades and in 1995 announced that a gene called Xa21 confers resistance to the bacterial blight pathogen.
geneticist Stephen T. Warren and colleagues at Emory University replicated it in mouse brain cells and tested it for the widely known functions of FMRP.
And it impossible to determine the exact location where a building block in the genetic code has been altered into an adduct.
biological agentsncluding mosquito-killing bacteria and fungind genetic manipulation of mosquitoes aimed at either killing them
well-known genome and short life span of just a few days.""This makes drug screening much easier,
because cells in any one tumor have chromosomes with different telomere lengths and any one cell's telomeres must be shortened critically to induce death. 6-thiodg is used preferentially as a substrate by telomerase
#Ultra-Fast Software Developed to Scan the Human genome Researchers at Nationwide Children's Hospital say they have developed an analysis pipeline that cuts the time it takes to search a person's genome for disease-causing variations from weeks to hours.
an ultra-fast, deterministic, highly scalable and balanced parallelization strategy for the discovery of human genetic variation in clinical and population-scale genomics appears in Genome Biology."
and $3 billion to sequence the first human genome,"notes Peter White, Ph d.,principal investigator and director of the biomedical genomics core at Nationwide Children's and the study's senior author."
After a genome is sequenced, scientists are left with billions of data points to analyze before any truly useful information can be gleaned for use in research and clinical settings."
Churchill allows efficient analysis of a whole genome sample in as little as 90 minutes, explains Dr. White."
Churchill allows computationally efficient analysis of a high-depth whole genome sample in less than two hours,
000 Genomes raw sequence dataset in a week using cloud resources
#Inflamed Brain Is depressed a Brain Researchers at the Centre for Addiction and Mental health (CAMH) in Toronto have found a possible link between inflammation in the brain and clinical depression.
They report previously unidentified chromosome duplications and confirmed data from earlier findings that associated these tumors with the KIT gene,
says Clare Turnbull, Ph d.,senior author and team leader in predisposition and translational genetics at ICR.
published in Nature Genetics, could have implications for the development of new methods of pain relief.
Using detailed genome mapping two teams of researchers collaborated to analyze the genetic make-up of 11 families across Europe
Most often the majority of prostate cancer is thought of as an organ-confined disease with little genetic variation.
"The findings from this study were published recently in Nature Genetics through an article entitled patial genomic heterogeneity within localized, multifocal prostate cancer.
From this group, whole genome sequencing was performed on samples from five patients whose prostates were removed surgically.
the company immediately added Abbvie Viekira Pak to its National Preferred Formulary as the exclusive option for patients with genotype 1 hepatitis Cust three days after the FDA approved the drug.
and only covers Sovaldi for non-genotype 1 hepatitis C. ur clients will save more than $1 billion this year on hepatitis C medications,
#Novel Epigenetic Technique Opens Door to Combatting Virulent Strains of Bacteria Researchers from the Icahn School of medicine at Mount sinai say they have developed a novel method to more precisely analyze bacterial populations
and reveal epigenetic mechanisms that can drive virulence. The new technique holds the promise of a potent new tool to offset the growing challenge of antibiotic resistance by bacterial pathogens, according to the team.
The study (ingle molecule-level detection and long read-based phasing of epigenetic variations in bacterial methylomes appears in Nature Communications,
Beyond their participation in host defense, increasing evidence suggests that these modifications also play important roles in the regulation of gene expression, virulence,
existing methods for studying bacterial methylomes rely on a population-level consensus that lack the single-cell resolution required to observe epigenetic heterogeneity. e created a technique for the detection
We found that a typical clonal bacterial population that would otherwise be considered homogeneous using conventional techniques has epigenetically distinct subpopulations with different gene expression patterns"said Gang Fang, Ph d,
. assistant professor of genetics and genomics at the Icahn School of medicine at Mount sinai and senior author of the study. iven that phenotypic heterogeneity within a bacterial population can increase its advantage of survival under stress conditions such as antibiotic treatment,
as it enables de novo detection and characterization of epigenetic heterogeneity in a bacterial population.
demonstrating the new technique reveals distinct types of epigenetic heterogeneity. For Helicobacter pylori, a pathogenic bacterium that colonizes over 40%of the world population
the team discovered that epigenetic heterogeneity can quickly emerge as a single cell divides, and different subpopulations with distinct methylation patterns have distinct gene expressions patterns.
This may have contributed to the increasing rate of antibiotic resistance of H. pylori. he application of this new technique will enable a more comprehensive characterization of the functions of DNA methylation and their impact on bacterial physiology.
founding director of the Icahn Institute and professor of genomics at the Icahn School of medicine at Mount sinai. he approach we developed can also be used to analyze DNA VIRUSES and human MITOCHONDRIAL DNA,
both of which present significant epigenetic heterogeneity. c
#Novel Tissue Scaffold Technique Marks Milestone in Regenerative medicine Researchers say they have developed a new tissue scaffold technology that could one day enable the engineering of large organs.
and gene therapies to prevent drug relapses, "explains Dr. Dietz.""If we can control this pathway,
making auxin a potentially useful tool in designing gene therapies or other applications without adverse reactions in humans.
#Epigenetics Opens Potential Pathway to Treating Glioblastoma Scientists at the University of California, San diego School of medicine and Moores Cancer Center led an international team that discovered that cancer stem cell properties are determined by epigenetic changes.
The study, which was carried out on human tumor samples and mouse models, is published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
This epigenetic activity helps explain how glioblastoma can resist treatment. In addition drugs that modify LSD1 levels could provide a new approach to treating glioblastoma, according to the researchers.
This observation suggested that epigenetics, rather than specific DNA sequences, determines tumorigenicity in glioblastoma cancer stem cells."
and non-tumorigenic states in glioblastoma that are determined by epigenetic regulation, "said senior author Clark Chen, M d.,Ph d,
Probing further, Dr. Chen's team discovered that the epigenetic factor determining whether or not glioblastoma cells can proliferate indefinitely as cancer stem cells is their relative abundance of LSD1,
"Dr. Chen and one of the study's first authors, Jie Li, Ph d.,note that the epigenetic changes driving glioblastoma are similar to those that take place during normal human development."
epigenetic changes help make a liver cell different from a brain cell, "said Dr. Li, an assistant project scientist in Chen's lab."Our results indicate that the same programming processes determine
#DNA"Spare tire"Gets Genome on Road to Repair Certain parts of the genome that are especially vulnerable to damage nonetheless contribute to a crucial,
How does the genome keep rolling along? It not calling AAA. According to scientists at the University of Utah and the University of Vermont, DNA contains an extra set of guanines,
In fact, this spare can help the genome steer clear of cancer. Various kinds of damage can happen to DNA,
One common way that our genetic material can be harmed is from a phenomenon called oxidative stress.
The Utah and Vermont researchers hypothesized that genome instability due to damaged G was counteracted somehow. They scanned the sequences of known human oncogenes associated with cancer,
and repair of oxidized bases in promoter regions may constitute an additional example of epigenetic modification, in this case of guanine bases,
to regulate gene expression in which the G4 sequences act as sensors of oxidative stress e
#New Cell Structure Finding Might Lead to Novel Cancer Therapies University of Warwick scientists in the U k. say they have discovered a cell structure
A cell needs to share chromosomes accurately when it divides otherwise the two new cells can end up with the wrong number of chromosomes (aneuploidy)
which has been linked to a range of tumors in different body organs. The mitotic spindle is responsible for sharing the chromosomes
and the researchers at the university believe that the mesh is needed to give structural support.
and cells had trouble sharing chromosomes during division. According to Emma Smith, Ph d.,from Cancer Research UK, his early research provides the first glimpse of a structure that helps share out a cell's chromosomes correctly
when it divides, and it might be a crucial insight into why this process becomes faulty in cancer
and metabolic gene expression in breast cancer patients,"explained Dr. Lee.""These results highlight that 14-3-3s is an important regulator of tumor metabolism,
both on its own and when linked with other molecules responsible for turning genes off, thereby regulating gene expression.
and was the first organism to have its entire genome mapped. It is inexpensive to cultivate,
"Our new protein-making factory holds promise to expand the genetic code in a unique and transformative way, providing exciting opportunities for synthetic biology and biomolecular engineering."
#Merck-Newlink Genetics Ebola Vaccine Shows 100%Efficacy in Phase III Trial Merck & co. and Newlink Genetics said today that a single dose of their Ebola vaccine candidate rvsv
and licensed to Newlink Genetics. To produce the vaccine, the vesicular stomatitis virus was weakened by removing a gene
during the West Africa outbreak of Ebola, Merck licensed exclusive rights to rvsv-ZEBOV from Newlink Genetics.
In February, Newlink Genetics said it received $20 million from Merck for achieving a key clinical development milestone.
Joining Merck, Newlink Genetics, and the Public health Agency of Canada in helping conduct the studies have been NIH and its National Institute of Allergy and Infectious diseases,
Newlink Genetics released interim results on rvsv-ZEBOV the same day it disclosed its latest quarterly results.
#PCR Makes the Jump to Light speed The amplification of minute amounts of genetic material is the cornerstone of every molecular biology laboratory
whose genetic errors give rise to weaker defences against infections. The result is engineered a genetically virus with the ability to grow in cancer cells and blow them up from the inside.
and has understood a well genome that maps well to ours. It's also very small at around 2. 5 mm in length
and drugs when triggered remotely The field of optogenetics where individual brains cells are made to behave differently
The team's latest research into Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal cancer was published in the journal Nature Genetics.
According to the A*Star team, the time it took to send a 1. 143 terabyte file of genomics data from Australia to Singapore via Seattle
The scientists were trying to take the long-winding road from genetics to biology, which proved to be tedious and difficult.
#New gene therapy could rewire the eye to help blind people see Scientists might be able to change the cells in blind people eyes,
Now, scientists hope that they can use gene therapy to transform nerves in the eye to replace those lost photoreceptors.
It is part of a new field called optogenetics which uses molecules from algae or other microorganisms that respond to light,
Optogenetics is a form of gene therapy and works by changing the makeup of the damaged cells.
it is not likely to cause the same kind of ethical and practical problems that blight work on other forms of gene therapy.
The first project to utilise Optalysys technology starts next month in collaboration with The Genome Analysis Centre (TGAC) to build a genetic search system called GENESYS that will perform large-scale DNA sequence searches.
Bacteria often grab genes from other organisms and incorporate that DNA into their own genomes.
and the cholera bacterium absorbs the freed genetic material. The 9 Deadliest Viruses On earth Making these spikes in itself isn't that unusual,
whose genomes had previously been sequenced. The researchers focused on the part of the VIRAL DNA that codes for the proteins that appear on the virus'surfaces,
Also, viruses with small genomes may be harder for the test to find, Kula said. The study was funded by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute,
The hope is that this new application of optogenetics to voluntary muscles will help in medical research
Here we show direct optogenetic stimulation of skeletal muscle from transgenic mice expressing the light-sensitive channel Channelrhodopsin-2 (Chr2.
We demonstrate the utility of this approach by selectively stimulating with a light guide individual intralaryngeal muscles in explanted larynges from Chr2-transgenic mice,
Furthermore, systemic injection of adeno-associated virus into wild-type mice provides sufficient Chr2 expression for optogenetic opening of the vocal cords.
Thus, direct optogenetic stimulation of skeletal muscle generates large force and provides the distinct advantage of localized
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