#Chemists make new silicon-based nanomaterials In a paper published in the journal Nano Letters("A Silicon-Based Two-dimensional Chalcogenide:
In principle, they are miniaturized extremely electron storage units. qdots can be produced using the same techniques as normal computer chips.
it is only necessary to miniaturize the structures on the chips until they hold just one single electron (in a conventional PC it is 10 to 100 electrons.
A diamond chip about one-twentieth the size of a thumbnail could contain trillions of nitrogen vacancies,
"Silicon based chips and transistors have been at the heart of all electronic devices since the 1950s.
#Compact optical data transmission Compact optical transmission possibilities are of great interest in faster and more energy-efficient data exchange between electronic chips.
Optical technologies offer an enormous potential especially in transmitting data between computer chips, explains Manfred Kohl of the KIT.
Nano Scale Disruptive Silicon-Plasmonic Platform for Chip-to-Chip Interconnection, developed the plasmonic modulator (an electric-to-optical converter)
and thus can easily be integrated into current chip architectures. At the present time, some 10 percent of the electricity in Germany is consumed by information and communication technologies, such as computers and smart phones of users,
and electrons in metal surfaces to develop novel components for optical data transmission between chips. The project is funded under the 7th Research Framework Programme of the European union
However, as devices get smaller there is an increasing demand to shrink the size of the logic chips that make those devices work.
As the chips approach single or several atom thickness, (commonly referred to as 2-dimensional),
or the development of silicon computing chips that process data communicated by photons of light instead of electricity.
The scientists experimented with silicon structures used in computer chips that power computers, tablets and mobile phones,
#New optical chip lights up the race for quantum computer The microprocessor inside a computer is a single multipurpose chip that has revolutionised people's life,
Now, researchers from the University of Bristol in the UK and Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) in Japan, have pulled off the same feat for light in the quantum world by developing an optical chip that can process photons in an infinite number
The fully reprogrammable chip brings together a multitude of existing quantum experiments and can realise a plethora of future protocols that have not even been conceived yet, marking a new era of research for quantum scientists and engineers at the cutting edge of quantum technologies.
"A whole field of research has essentially been put onto a single optical chip that is easily controlled.
"The team demonstrated the chip's unique capabilities by reprogramming it to rapidly perform a number of different experiments, each
it took seconds to re-programme the chip, and milliseconds for the chip to switch to the new experiment.
We carried out a year's worth of experiments in a matter of hours. What we're really excited about is using these chips to discover new science that we haven't even thought of yet."
"The device was made possible because the world's leading quantum photonics group teamed up with Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT), the world's leading telecommunications company.
and plans to add more chips like this one to the service so others can discover the quantum world for themselves s
Logic gates are an elementary building block of digital circuits-used in computers and other electronic equipment. They are made traditionally using diodes or transistors
"Because the embedded system software and power converter software are using a shared processor on a single chip,
"But this new technology is very similar to the one used to print semiconductor chips onto silicon wafers,
#Darwin on a chip Researchers of the MESA+Institute for Nanotechnology and the CTIT Institute for ICT Research at the University of Twente in The netherlands have demonstrated working electronic circuits that have been produced in a radically new way,
It is a major challenge to produce chips in which the millions of transistors have the same characteristics,
and thus to make the chips operate properly. Another drawback is that their energy consumption is reaching unacceptable levels.
#Permanent data storage with light The first all-optical permanent on-chip memory has been developed by scientists of Karlsruhe Institute of technology (KIT) and the universities of Münster, Oxford, and Exeter.
nonvolatile on-chip memory. ptical bits can be written at frequencies of up to a gigahertz. This allows for extremely quick data storage by our all-photonic memory,
Permanent all-optical on-chip memories might considerably increase future performance of computers and reduce their energy consumption.
Their new approach could be used to study everything from semiconductor chips to cancer cells. The team will present their work at the Frontiers in Optics, The Optical Society's annual meeting and conference in San jose
Engineers can use this to hunt for tiny defects in semiconductor chips. Biologists can zoom in on the organelles that make up a cell.
& Interfaces("Highly sensitive and Selective Sensor Chips with Graphene oxide Linking Layer")."Valentyn Volkov is the co-lead author, a visiting professor from the University of Southern Denmark.
New GO based biosensor chips exploit the phenomenon of surface plasmon resonance (SPR. This is a photo of the state-of-art biosensor.
Most commercial SPR sensor chips comprise a thin glass plate covered by gold layer with thiol
The biosensing sensitivity depends on the properties of chip surface. Higher binding capacity for biomolecules increases the signal levels and accuracy of analysis. The last several years
and patented a novel type of SPR sensor chips with the linking layer, made of GO, a material with more attractive optical and chemical properties than pristine graphene.
Scientists conducted a series of experiments with the GO chip the commercially available chip with carboxymethylated dextran (CMD) layer and the chip covered by monolayer graphene.
Experiments showed that the proposed GO chip has three times higher sensitivity than the CMD chip and 3. 7 times than the chip with pristine graphene.
These results mean, that the new chip needs much less molecules for detecting a compound
and can be used for analysis of chemical reactions with small drug molecules. An important advantage of the new GO based sensor chips is their simplicity
and low-cost fabrication compared to sensor chips that are already commercially available.""Our invention will help in drug development against viral and cancer diseases.
We are expecting that pharmaceutical industry will express a strong demand for our technology, "Stebunov said."
However, the developed chip should go through a clinical trial for medical applications s
#Pioneering research develops new way to capture light-for the computers of tomorrow The key breakthrough will allow large quantities of data to be stored directly on an integrated optical chip,
rather than being processed and stored electronically, as happens today. Light is suited ideally to ultra-fast high-bandwidth data transfer,
However, a stumbling block so far has been the storage of large quantities of data directly on integrated chips in the optical domain.
The team of scientists from Germany and England have made a key breakthrough by capturing light on an integrated chip,
so developing the first permanent, all-optical on-chip memory. The research is published in leading scientific journal, Nature Photonics("On-chip integratable all-photonic nonvolatile multilevel memory".
"Professor David Wright, from the University of Exeters Engineering department said: With our prototype we have, for the first time,
by delivering extremely fast on-chip optical data storage In addition, he says, the written state is preserved
when the power is removed, unlike most current on-chip memories. The scientists from Oxford Exeter, Karlsruhe and Mnster used so-called phase change materials at heart of their all-optical memory.
The rapid development in nano-optics and on-chip photonic systems has increased the demand for ultrathin flat lenses with three-dimensional subwavelength focusing capability the ability to see details of an object smaller than 200 nanometres.
#Chip-based technology enables reliable direct detection of Ebola virus A team led by researchers at UC Santa cruz has developed chip-based technology for reliable detection of Ebola virus and other viral pathogens.
Adding a"preconcentration"step during sample processing on the microfluidic chip extended the limit of detection well beyond that achieved by other chip-based approaches,
The system combines two small chips, a microfluidic chip for sample preparation and an optofluidic chip for optical detection.
For over a decade, Schmidt and his collaborators have been developing optofluidic chip technology for optical analysis of single molecules as they pass through a tiny fluid-filled channel on the chip.
The microfluidic chip for sample processing can be integrated as a second layer next to or on top of the optofluidic chip.
and transferred to the optofluidic chip for optical detection. Schmidt noted that the team has not yet been able to test the system starting with raw blood samples.
are markedly faster than electronic circuits. Unfortunately, they're also bigger. It's difficult to localize visible light below its diffraction limit, about 200-300 nanometers,
the photonic circuit size limitation has given electronic circuits a significant advantage, despite the speed discrepancy. Now researchers at the University of Rochester have demonstrated a key achievement in shrinking photonic devices below the diffraction limit--a necessary step on the road to making photonic circuits competitive with today's technology.
Because we use essentially the same device technology as existing computer chips, we believe it will be much easier to manufacture a full-scale processor chip than for any of the leading designs,
which rely on more exotic technologies.""This makes the building of a quantum computer much more feasible,
"He said that a key next step for the project is to identify the right industry partners to work with to manufacture the full-scale quantum processor chip.
as they do in computer chips. As a semimetal, graphene naturally has no band-gaps, making it a challenge for widespread industry adoption.
the algorithm found the voltages that transformed the system into any one of the six ogic gatesthat are the building blocks of conventional computer chips.
The team was able to find voltages to transform the system into any one of the six ogic gatesthat are the building blocks of computer chips.
To determine distributions of lengths of strands precisely the researchers developed an Open Micro-Electrophoresis Chip (OMEC)
This chip allows the separation of molecules for analysis at the single molecule level m
Netherlands) have managed now to equip low-loss light chips with new ctive functionalities such as generating,
The MESA+chip can create a very wide light spectrum spanning blue to infrared (470 to 2130nm.
By doing so the developers say they have made light chip with the largest frequency range ever The scientists explain the advantages of their development thus:
The MESA+researchers have for a long time been looking for methods to generate the broadest possible light spectrum on a chip.
The Twente scientists have managed now successfully to create a light chip with what they are calling he broadest light spectrum ever The chip achieves a bandwidth of 495thz,
which is more than 50%wider than the previous record. According to research leader Prof. Dr Klaus Boller this broad spectrum demonstrates the potential of the technology.
These materials have the lowest optic losses on a chip and are, therefore, already extremely relevant.
What's more, the fabrication matches the standard processes in the chip industry, making it suitable for mass production.
The spectrum created by this chip is not constant, but comprises about 12 million peaks that lie at exactly the same distance from each other.
e have shown ultra-broadband on-chip supercontinuum generation in CMOS-compatible Si3n4 waveguides. When pumped at a center wavelength of 1064nm with pulses of 115 fs duration,
the widest supercontinuum ever generated on a chip. The visible to infrared coverage, extending throughout most of the transparency range of Si3n4
and Sio2, appears to be highly attractive for applications such as for self-referencing optical frequency combs on a chip or widely tunable light sources for label-free microscopy and imaging in life sciences. m
and Oxford and Exeter, both UK, has developed the first all-optical permanent on-chip memory.
The KIT-led team have developed now the first all-optical, nonvolatile on-chip memory. Professor Wolfram Pernice explained,
The scientists conclude that permanent all-optical on-chip memories could onsiderably increase future performance of computers while reducing their energy consumption.
Our on-chip memory cells feature single-shot readout and switching energies as low as 13. 4pj at speeds approaching 1ghz.
or manipulated but this metamaterial permits us to manipulate light from one chip to another, to squeeze,
A zero-index material that fits on a chip could have exciting applications, especially in the world of quantum computing.
on-chip lasers that could be produced using the approach, concluding that: n particular, for on-chip optical interconnects, the demonstrated monolithic laser array,
together with the WDM technology, may finally pave the way to terascale computing. Photonic integrated circuits (PICS) based on the technology could dramatically change the architecture of fiber-optic transceivers used in data center optical interconnects, by pushing down the cost of chip-level data transfer between logic and memory devices.
That would in turn enable a radical scaling of a data center capacity, while simultaneously reducing increasingly colossal power demands with higher-efficiency data transfer.
Researchers say the lab-on-chip device is a step toward creating quantum computers that could help design new drugs,
Developed by a team from the University of Bristol and Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp. NTT) in Japan, the fully reprogrammable chip brings together a multitude of existing quantum experiments
"A whole field of research has essentially been put onto a single optical chip that is easily controlled,
"The team demonstrated the chip's capabilities by programming it to rapidly perform a number of different experiments, each
it took seconds to reprogram the chip, and milliseconds for the chip to switch to the new experiment,"said Jacques Carolan, a doctoral student at Bristol."
"We carried out a year's worth of experiments in a matter of hours. What we're really excited about is using these chips to discover new science that we haven't even thought of yet
#Color-Changing Substance Detects Biological, Mechanical Problems CAMBRIDGE, Mass. Sept. 9, 2015 Responsive to a range of stimuli, a color-changing metallic substance could help detect problems as varied as mechanical strain and pollution.
In some experiments, patients have been able to move prosthetic limbs just by thinking about it--a chip implanted in the brain translates the electricity in the brain motor cortex into instructions for the prosthetic to move.
and the bpay chip to make contactless payments Wearers can buy anything £30 and under in the U k. Wearers can add funds to their digital wallet using a mobile app or through an online portal.
as they do in computer chips. As a semimetal, graphene naturally has no band-gaps, making it a challenge for widespread industry adoption.
including computer chips and other optoelectronic components.""Our results demonstrate relatively fast modulation from fundamentally slow phosphorescent light emitters,
One example could be optical communications networks on computer chips. Prototype on-chip networks have used semiconductor lasers as light emitters.
They can modulate very quickly, but they have downsides. Semiconductors can't be grown directly on a silicon chip,
for example--makes for bulky systems that take up a lot of real estate on a chip. What's more, semiconductor lasers are not particularly efficient.
There's still more work to be done to get such a system up to a speed that would be useful on a chip,
a flexible electronic circuit that could carry pulses of electricity to nerve cells. Bao's team has been developing flexible electronics that can bend without breaking.
Not only have previous attempts at light-based computer chips turned out to be quite volatile, theye all required power to store data,
"The chip is built by placing on a small section of GST on top of a silicon nitride ridge-known as the waveguide
by creating a quantum logic gate in silicon-the same material that today's computer chips are made from.
which means they now have the ability to build the world's first quantum processor chip and, eventually, the first silicon-based quantum computer.
Right now, regular computer chips store information as binary bits, which are either in a 0 or 1 state.
what's known as a logic gate-a building block of all digital circuits, which takes two input values
"Because we use essentially the same device technology as existing computer chips, we believe it will be much easier to manufacture a full-scale processor chip than for any of the leading designs,
which rely on more exotic technologies, "project leader Andrew Dzurak said in a press release.""This makes the building of a quantum computer much more feasible,
The team overcame this by effectively copying the setup of traditional chips. In that setup, binary bits are defined by tiny semiconductor devices known as transistors.
Once we have a silicon quantum chip, we'll then be able to build a functioning quantum computer,
Like silicon, they can be semiconducting in nature, a fact that is essential for circuit boards, and they can undergo fast and highly controllable electrical switching.
a single chip can provide enough data for a statistical analysis of how the cells respond in an experiment.
#New understanding of electromagnetism could enable'antennas on a chip'A team of researchers from the University of Cambridge have unravelled one of the mysteries of electromagnetism,
which could enable the design of antennas small enough to be integrated into an electronic chip.
however, is that antennas are still quite big and incompatible with electronic circuits --which are ultra-small
and the ability to fit an ultra-small aerial on an electronic chip would be a massive leap forward.
and this new discovery opens up new ways of integrating antennas on a chip along with other components."
For instance, invisible rods could be used as supports for a miniature antenna complex connecting two optical chips.
The chip would be used to detect the imminent occurrence of a seizure in order to activate the pump to inject the drug at just the right moment.
The liquid nanolaser in this study is not a laser pointer but a laser device on a chip,
"Surgeons often use bone chips or bone powder as a sort of putty during bone reconstruction to help areas of bone re-grow.
The researchers took these bone chips and treated them with a green dye called TAPP (which stands for 5, 10,15, 20-tetrakis-(4-aminophenyl)- porphyrin).
The platform is a disposable flexible polyester chip with implanted electrodes. HIV-1 antibodies are added to whole blood
When added to the flexible chip the aggregates change the electrical conductivity of the chip, which gives a simple electrical readout indicating that the sample contains HIV-1.
In addition to detecting early stage infection, the electrical readout is much simpler and less expensive than current assays.
paving the way for high-density storage to move from hard disks onto integrated circuits. The advance, to be reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
"However, the physics needed to create long-term storage are not compatible with integrated circuits.""Creating and switching polarity in magnets without an external magnetic field has been a key focus in the field of spintronics.
which is why magnets have not yet been integrated onto computer chips. Instead, there are separate systems for long-term magnetic memory.
or RAM, on the integrated circuits of the central processing unit, or CPU, where calculations and logic operations are performed.
Packing a sufficient number of nanomagnets onto a chip meant aligning them perpendicularly, but that vertical orientation negated the switching effects of tantalum."
However, as devices get smaller there is an increasing demand to shrink the size of the logic chips that make those devices work.
As the chips approach single or several atom thickness, (commonly referred to as 2-dimensional),
"Our device works by loading a few microliters of a patient's urine sample into a tiny chip,
#New optical chip lights up the race for quantum computer The microprocessor inside a computer is a single multipurpose chip that has revolutionized people's life,
Now, researchers from the University of Bristol in the UK and Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) in Japan, have pulled off the same feat for light in the quantum world by developing an optical chip that can process photons in an infinite number
"A whole field of research has essentially been put onto a single optical chip that is easily controlled.
"The team demonstrated the chip's unique capabilities by reprogramming it to rapidly perform a number of different experiments, each
it took seconds to re-programme the chip, and milliseconds for the chip to switch to the new experiment.
We carried out a year's worth of experiments in a matter of hours. What we're really excited about is using these chips to discover new science that we haven't even thought of yet."
"The device was made possible because the world's leading quantum photonics group teamed up with Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT), the world's leading telecommunications company.
#Close to the point of more efficient chips More efficient chips based on plasmonics are a step closer to reality through better control of the directional excitation of plasmons in a gold grating.
This demonstration is a step toward the development of plasmonic chips, so called because they use plasmons--collective excitations of electrons in a conductor--rather than electrons to transfer
Such chips promise to be much faster and potentially more energy efficient than current electronic chips.
This could prove useful for developing ways to replace wires between chips with optical connectors,
which will greatly speed up chip-to-chip communication in integrated circuits based on plasmonics rather than electronics.
#Nano-dunes with the ion beam Many semiconductor devices in modern technology--from integrated circuits to solar cells and LEDS--are based on nanostructures.
#First realization of an electric circuit with a magnetic insulator using spin waves Researchers at the University of Groningen, Utrecht University,
the Université de Bretagne Occidentale and the FOM Foundation have found that it is possible to make an electric circuit with a magnetic insulator.
Their discovery is interesting for the development of novel, energy-efficient electronic devices, particularly integrated circuits. A device based on spin waves could theoretically operate more efficiently than ordinary electronic circuits.
The results of their research will be published online in Nature Physics on Monday 14 september. In our current electronic equipment, information is transported via the motion of electrons.
Duine from Utrecht University have succeeded to use spin waves in an electric circuit by carefully designing the device geometry.
and hence enables the spin waves to be used in an electric circuit. The spin wave circuit that the researchers built,
Analyst firm Alite Group estimates that this vulnerability is adding up to $8 billion in incurred losses per year in the U s. Solutions have been proposed--such as integrated circuit cards and mobile wallets systems.
and magnetic credit card chip. The disposable credit card information was acquired from Shopsafe by registering several disposable credit card numbers with Bank of america.
#Permanent data storage with light The first all-optical permanent on-chip memory has been developed by scientists of Karlsruhe Institute of technology (KIT) and the universities of Münster, Oxford, and Exeter.
and Exeter University have developed now the first all-optical, nonvolatile on-chip memory.""Optical bits can be written at frequencies of up to a gigahertz.
Permanent all-optical on-chip memories might considerably increase future performance of computers and reduce their energy consumption.
Because we use essentially the same device technology as existing computer chips, we believe it will be much easier to manufacture a full-scale processor chip than for any of the leading designs,
which rely on more exotic technologies.""This makes the building of a quantum computer much more feasible,
"He said that a key next step for the project is to identify the right industry partners to work with to manufacture the full-scale quantum processor chip.
#Liquid cooling moves onto the chip for denser electronics Using microfluidic passages cut directly into the backsides of production field-programmable gate array (FPGA) devices,
and more powerful integrated electronic systems that would no longer require heat sinks or cooling fans on top of the integrated circuits.
the researchers have demonstrated a monolithically-cooled chip that can operate at temperatures more than 60 percent below those of similar air-cooled chips.
The cooling comes from simple deionized water flowing through microfluidic passages that replace the massive air-cooled heat sinks normally placed on the backs of chips."
"Supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the research is believed to be the first example of liquid cooling directly on an operating high-performance CMOS chip.
Details of the research were presented on September 28 at the IEEE Custom Integrated circuits Conference in San jose,
Bakir and graduate student Thomas Sarvey removed the heat sink and heat-spreading materials from the backs of stock Altera FPGA chips.
"This may open the door to stacking multiple chips, potentially multiple FPGA chips or FPGA chips with other chips that are high in power consumption.
We are seeing a significant reduction in the temperature of these liquid-cooled chips.""The research team chose FPGAS for their test
because they provide a platform to test different circuit designs, and because FPGAS are common in many market segments,
fabricated high aspect ratio copper vias through the silicon columns, reducing the capacitance of the connections that would carry signals between chips in an array."
"The moment you start thinking about stacking the chips, you need to have copper vias to connect them,
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