Graphene a single layer of carbon atoms in a honeycomb lattice is increasingly being used in new electronic and mechanical applications such as transistors switches
and supercapacitors An official of a materials technology and manufacturing startup based on a Purdue University innovation says his company is addressing the challenge of scaling graphene production for commercial applications.
biosensors and supercapacitors. Johnson said the company's first-generation glucose monitoring technology could impact the use of traditional testing systems like lancets
Supercapacitors are Bluevine Graphene Industries'second application under development for its Folium graphene. Johnson said the company's graphene supercapacitors are reaching the energy density of lithium-ion batteries without a similar energy fade over time.
Our graphene-based supercapacitors charge in just a fraction of the time needed to charge lithium-ion batteries.
There are many consumer industrial and military applications he said. Wouldn't it be great if mobile phones could be recharged fully in only a matter of minutes
and supercapacitor applications he said. Explore further: Graphene reinvents the futur t
#Nanoribbon film keeps glass ice-free: Team refines deicing film that allows radio frequencies to pass Rice university scientists who created a deicing film for radar domes have refined now the technology to work as a transparent coating for glass.
Yet transistors, the switchable valves that control the flow of electrons in a circuit, cannot simply keep shrinking to meet the needs of powerful, compact devices;
"Traditional silicon transistors have fundamental scaling limitations, "says Ramanathan.""If you shrink them beyond a certain minimum feature size,
"Yet silicon transistors are hard to beat, with an on/off ratio of at least 10 4 required for practical use."
But Ramanathan and his team have crafted a new transistor, made primarily of an oxide called samarium nickelate,
that in practical operation achieves an on/off ratio of greater than 10 5hat is, comparable to state-of-the-art silicon transistors.
"Our orbital transistor could really push the frontiers of this field and say, you know what?
In this orbital transistor, protons and electrons move in or out of the samarium nickelate when an electric field is applied, regardless of temperature,
when transistors were invented newly and physicists were still making sense of them.""We are basically in that era for these new quantum materials,
In these highly efficient devices individual molecules would take on the roles currently played by comparatively-bulky wires resistors and transistors.
Cold electrons promise a new type of transistor that can operate at extremely low energy consumption."
"Implementing our findings to fabricating energy-efficient transistors is currently under way,"Koh added. Khosrow Behbehani, dean of the UT Arlington College of Engineering, said this research is representative of the University's role in fostering innovations that benefit the society,
"When implemented in transistors, these research findings could potentially reduce energy consumption of electronic devices by more than 10 times compared to the present technology,
and high charge-carrier mobility, promises to be a revolutionary material for making next-generation high-speed transistors.
The semiconducting graphene nanoribbons are particularly attractive as they allow smaller and thus more energy efficient and faster electronic components than silicon.
the first time graphene has been used in a transistor-based flexible device. The partnership between the two organisations combines the graphene expertise of the Cambridge Graphene Centre (CGC),
with the transistor and display processing steps that Plastic Logic has developed already for flexible electronics.
The new 150 pixel per inch (150 ppi) backplane was made at low temperatures (less than 100°C) using Plastic Logic's Organic Thin Film Transistor (OTFT) technology.
and organic light emitting diodes (OLED) technology to achieve full colour and video functionality. Lightweight flexible active-matrix backplanes may also be used for sensors
While graphene has attracted wide interest as a biosensor due to its two-dimensional nature that allows excellent electrostatic control of the transistor channel by the gate
and high surface-to-volume ratio the sensitivity of a graphene field-effect transistor (FET) biosensor is restricted fundamentally by the zero band gap of graphene that results in increased leakage current leading to reduced sensitivity
In digital electronics these transistors control the flow of electricity throughout an integrated circuit and allow for amplification and switching.
New rapid synthesis developed for bilayer graphene and high-performance transistors More information: ACS Nano pubs. acs. org/doi/abs/10.1021/nn500914 i
The researchers say the next step is to demonstrate their primitive circuit with light emitting diodes.
"And since the physical process governing organic photovoltaics is very similar to other organic semiconductors (organic light-emitting diodes, for example,
"A lot of the understanding being developed here can also be applied to make better organic light emitting diodes,
For the impedance spectroscopy measurements, the sample was installed beneath an LED broadband white light, calibrated to one Sun illumination (natural sunlight).
One is a graphene gel that works as a supercapacitor electrode and the second is a 3-D porous graphene foam.
The graphene gel provides the same functionality as porous carbon a material currently sourced from coconut husks for use in supercapacitors and other energy conversion and storage technologies but with vastly enhanced performance.
Supercapacitors have an expanding range of applications as their capabilities increase from powering computer memory backup to powering electric vehicles.
This result could be the basis for next-generation flexible and transparent computing, better light-emitting diodes,
or LEDS, and solar technologies.""Heterojunctions are fundamental elements of electronic and photonic devices, "said senior author Xiaodong Xu, a UW assistant professor of materials science and engineering and of physics."
"Our experimental demonstration of such junctions between two-dimensional materials should enable new kinds of transistors, LEDS, nanolasers,
"In the future, combinations of two-dimensional materials may be integrated together in this way to form all kinds of interesting electronic structures such as in-plane quantum wells and quantum wires, superlattices, fully functioning transistors,
This facilitates their application in transistors and other electronic devices because unlike graphene, their electrical conductance can be switched off."
Examples of applications are large displays, large interactive touch screens, photovoltaic solar panels, light-emitting diode panels, smart phones,
and capacitors r
#Copper shines as flexible conductor Bend them, stretch them, twist them, fold them: modern materials that are light,
The new method should reduce the time nano manufacturing firms spend in trial-and-error searches for materials to make electronic devices such as solar cells organic transistors and organic light-emitting diodes.
#An inkjet-printed field-effect transistor for label-free biosensing Thin-film transistors (TFTS) are powerful devices in semiconductor manufacturing
The Group published in the last issue of Advanced Functional Materials an article describing a flexible biological field-effect transistor (Biofet) for use in biosensing.
It was made by inkjet printing of an organic field-effect transistor (OFET) and subsequent functionalization of the insulator with specific antibodies.
An Inkjet-Printed Field-Effect Transistor for Label-Free Biosensing. Advanced Functional Materials. Article first published online:
#New graphene framework bridges gap between traditional capacitors batteries Researchers at the California Nanosystems Institute (CNSI) at UCLA have set the stage for a watershed in mobile energy storage by using a special graphene material
to significantly boost the energy density of electrochemical capacitors, putting them on a par with lead acid batteries.
but allows electrochemical capacitors to maintain their high power density (the amount of power per unit of mass or volume), according to Xiangfeng Duan,
Electrochemical capacitors, also known as ECS or supercapacitors, are an important technology for the future of energy storage and mobile power supplies,
Furthermore, the team has shown that a fully packaged EC exhibits unparalleled energy densities of 35 watt hours per kilogram (49 watt hours per liter) bout five to 10 times higher than current commercial supercapacitors and on a par
"The holey grahene EC bridges the energy density gap between traditional capacitors and batteries, yet with vastly higher power density,"Duan said."
Carbon is the most popular material that supercapacitors are composed of due to its low cost high surface area high electrical conductivity and long term stability.
A high-performing supercapacitor material should have a large surface area which can be achieved by incorporating a large number of small pores into the material continued Professor Yi.
which is an essential property in a supercapacitor for the fast charging and discharging. Once fabricated the carbon-based material was attached to an electrode
Nano-supercapacitors for electric cars More information: Preparation of energy storage material derived from a used cigarette filter for a supercapacitor electrode Nanotechnology iopscience. iop. org/0957-4484/25/34/345601 5
#Nanoscale biodegradable drug-delivery method could provide a year or more of steady doses About one in four older adults suffers from chronic pain.
and has become essential to the integrated circuits and transistors that run most of our computers.
on the one hand, electronic components must be accommodated into smaller and smaller spaces. On the other hand, what are known as compound semiconductors are to be embedded into conventional materials.
when using traditional transistor-based integrated circuits. That's why he and his research team are aiming to build entirely new technologies at the atomic scale."
"It could be as important as the transistor, "says Wolkow.""It lays the groundwork for a whole new basis of electronics,
"It also would produce transparent electrodes for solar cells and organic light-emitting diodes, Clem said. The method was inspired by industrial embossing processes in
Graphene nanoribbons are good candidates for active materials in electronics being the channel of field-effect transistors coauthor Dr. Robert Vajtai at Rice university told Phys. org.
energy-efficient hybrid circuit combining carbon nanotube thin film transistors with other thin film transistors. This hybrid could take the place of silicon as the traditional transistor material used in electronic chips,
since carbon nanotubes are more transparent, flexible, and can be processed at a lower cost. Electrical engineering professor Dr. Chongwu Zhou and USC Viterbi graduate students Haitian Chen
and Jialu Zhang developed this energy-efficient circuit by integrating carbon nanotube (CNT) thin film transistors (TFT) with thin film transistors comprised of indium, gallium and zinc oxide (IGZO)."
"Before then, we were working hard to try to turn carbon nanotubes into n-type transistors and then one day,
The inclusion of IGZO thin film transistors was necessary to provide power efficiency to increase battery life.
including Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDS), digital circuits, radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, sensors, wearable electronics, and flash memory devices.
As a proof of concept, they achieved a scale ring oscillator consisting of over 1, 000 transistors.
Up to this point, all carbon nanotube-based transistors had a maximum number of 200 transistors.""We believe this is a technological breakthrough,
Improved LED lighting is one possibility, as well as better TVS with more accurate colors. Wider use of solid state lighting might cut power use for lighting by nearly 50 percent nationally.
This new form of solid stable light-sensitive nanoparticles called colloidal quantum dots could lead to cheaper and more flexible solar cells as well as better gas sensors infrared lasers infrared light emitting diodes and more.
In other words, Thomas and his team created a supercapacitor on the outside of the copper wire. Supercapcitors store powerful energy,
#Flexible transparent thin film transistors raise hopes for flexible screens (Phys. org) he electronics world has been dreaming for half a century of the day you can roll a TV up in a tube.
see-through 2-D thin film transistors. These transistors are just 10 atomic layers thickhat's about how much your fingernails grow per second.
Transistors are the basis of nearly all electronics. Their two settingsn or offictate the 1s and 0s of computer binary language.
Thin film transistors are a particular subset of these that are used typically in screens and displays.
Virtually all flat-screen TVS and smartphones are made up of thin film transistors today; they form the basis of both LEDS and LCDS (liquid crystal displays."
"This could make a transparent, nearly invisible screen,"said Andreas Roelofs, a coauthor on the paper and interim director of Argonne's Center for Nanoscale Materials."
"Imagine a normal window that doubles as a screen whenever you turn it on, for example."
"To measure how good a transistor is, you measure its on-off ratioow completely can it turn off the current?
In most thin film transistors, the material starts to crack, which, as you might imagine,
"The transistors also maintained performance over a wide range of temperatures (from-320°F to 250°F), a useful property in electronics,
To build the transistors, the team started with a trick that earned its original University of Manchester inventors the Nobel prize:
and hole conduction necessary for making transistors with logic gates and other p-n junction devices,"said Argonne scientist and coauthor Anirudha Sumant.
Then they used chemical deposition to grow sheets of other materials on top to build the transistor layer by layer.
In addition the scientists have invented a means of simultaneously using the nanowire tips as LEDS to illuminate a tiny sample region with optical radiation
so that it functions as an LED. Optical radiation can serve to excite the sample in a different way from the microwave signal
New structural'supercaps'take a lickin'keep on workin'Imagine a future in which our electrical gadgets are limited no longer by plugs and external power sources.
The new device that Pint and Westover has developed is a supercapacitor that stores electricity by assembling electrically charged ions on the surface of a porous material,
supercaps can charge and discharge in minutes, instead of hours, and operate for millions of cycles, instead of thousands of cycles like batteries.
In a paper appearing online May 19 in the journal Nano Letters, Pint and Westover report that their new structural supercapacitor operates flawlessly in storing
"In an unpackaged, structurally integrated state our supercapacitor can store more energy and operate at higher voltages than a packaged, off-the-shelf commercial supercapacitor, even under intense dynamic and static forces,
"Pint said. One area where supercapacitors lag behind batteries is in electrical energy storage capability: Supercaps must be larger and heavier to store the same amount of energy as lithium-ion batteries.
However, the difference is not as important when considering multifunctional energy storage systems.""Battery performance metrics change when you're putting energy storage into heavy materials that are needed already for structural integrity,
"said Pint.""Supercapacitors store ten times less energy than current lithium-ion batteries, but they can last a thousand times longer.
That means they are suited better for structural applications. It doesn't make sense to develop materials to build a home, car chassis,
"The biggest problem with designing load-bearing supercaps is preventing them from delaminating, "said Westover.""Combining nanoporous material with the polymer electrolyte bonds the layers together tighter than superglue."
"The use of silicon in structural supercapacitors is suited best for consumer electronics and solar cells, but Pint and Westover are confident that the rules that govern the load-bearing character of their design will carry over to other materials, such as carbon nanotubes and lightweight porous metals like aluminum.
#Flexible supercapacitor raises bar for volumetric energy density Scientists have taken a large step toward making a fiber-like energy storage device that can be woven into clothing
The device is a supercapacitor cousin to the battery. This one packs an interconnected network of graphene and carbon nanotubes so tightly that it stores energy comparable to some thin-film lithium batteriesn area where batteries have held traditionally a large advantage.
(called volumetric energy density) is reported the highest for carbon-based microscale supercapacitors to date: 6. 3 microwatt hours per cubic millimeter.
They envision the fiber supercapacitor could be woven into clothing to power medical devices for people at home or communications devices for soldiers in the field.
Dai a professor of macromolecular science and engineering at Case Western Reserve and a co-author of the paper explained that most supercapacitors have high power density but low energy density
By mass supercapacitors might have comparable energy storage or energy density to batteries. But because they require large amounts of accessible surface area to store energy they have lagged always badly in energy density by volume.
Using a polyvinyl alcohol/phosphoric acid gel as an electrolyte a solid-state micro-supercapacitor made from a pair of fibers offered a volumetric density of 6. 3 microwatt hours per cubic millimeter
The fiber supercapacitor demonstrated ultrahigh energy density value while maintaining the high power density and cycle stability.
The fiber supercapacitor continues to work without performance loss even after bending hundreds of times Yu said.
Woven into uniforms the battery-like supercapacitors could power displays or transistors used for communication.
The researchers are now expanding their efforts. They plan to scale up the technology for low-cost mass production of the fibers aimed at commercializing high-performance micro-supercapacitors.
In addition The team is interested also in testing these fibers for multifunctional applications including batteries solar cells biofuel cells
High-performance low-cost ultracapacitors built with graphene and carbon nanotubes More information: Paper: Scalable synthesis of hierarchically structured carbon nanotuberaphene fibres for capacitive energy storage dx. doi. org/10.1038/nnano. 2014.9 n
It's the equivalent of finding out a bunch of wiring was really a set of transistors according to Smith.
Viventi s arrays contain transistors that enable the signals to be processed locally yet they're as thin and flexible as a sheet of cellophane conforming to the contours of the brain.
But as Arduino#a microcontroller for DIYERS and the most successful open source hardware project to date#shows people tend to buy the $30 original version rather than the $10 copycats.
Wigl uses a microphone microcontroller and two motors to hear understand and move to the music.
Supercaps allow the Droplets to remain powered also during#airtime #or when navigating the small gaps between each stripe.
While these interests may seem divergent the synthesis of them led him to Brown University#s Braingate Group where he is the Senior Research and development Engineer.
and walk across our desk using off-the-shelf motors batteries and electronic components? There are multiple ways to keep a cube in its balance
and control tasks (with the exception of a microcontroller for bundling sensor data) are executed on a base station that runs the Robot Operating system.
Lighter than a feather these ultrathin film-like organic transistor integrated circuits are being developed by a research group led by Professor Takao Someya
Designed from the ground upeach unit uses a single 32-bit 72 MHZ microcontroller to interface with all of the onboard sensors actuators and communication peripherals.
The same microcontroller is used also for performing all of the computation necessary for estimation and control there is no computation that is performed offboard.
who led the current research. hey found the lesions were very persistent in DNA, meaning we don have a repair system to take them out,
#Silicon photonics meets the foundry Advances in microprocessors have transferred the computation bottleneck away from CPUS to better communications between components.
It solves the problem of trying to integrate two disparate processes with nanometer transistors and micron optics.?
wel be able to make these integrated devices and make them in volume. He notes that IBM is creating such a kit for its semiconductor foundry in Burlington, Vermont.
Into the microprocessor foundryadvances in microprocessor performance increasingly are limited by the ability to feed data into the microprocessor
Ram lab aims to overcome major hurdles in integrating optical interconnection for microprocessors within existing manufacturing systems. typical microprocessor fab costs between 1 and 3 billion dollars,
So we gave ourselves the challenge of taking a state-of-the-art microprocessor manufacturing process, and using the same layers
With the patient in a prone position, the doctor affixes a small plastic box containing two LEDS to the patient's shin.
while the LEDS act as the pencil. If the distance between the two changes i e. if the leg becomes shorter or longer,
that will change the arc traced by the LEDS. The doctor takes this measurement twice once right before the operation
This led the students to the Spoken language Systems Group directed by James Glass, a senior research scientist at CSAIL.
and voltage Diodes, shading, and reverse bias. Later, task groups were formed to address snow and wind loading;
and uses just two transistors. During each image capture cycle, the pixels are used first to record
and used just a capacitor to store the harvested energy.""""A few different designs for image sensors that can harvest energy have been proposed in the past.
who led the current research. hey found the lesions were very persistent in DNA, meaning we don have a repair system to take them out,
The research that led to a workable solid-state electrolyte was part of an ongoing partnership with the Korean electronics company Samsung, through the Samsung Advanced Institute of technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts,
The key observation was increased that this number of coupled pairs led to superconductivity, which the researchers measured by identifying an energy gap between the material's conducting and nonconducting electrons.
#Tunnel Transistor May Meet Power Needs of Future Chips A new kind of transistor consumes 90 percent less power than conventional transistors,
The relentless advance of computing power over the past half-century has relied on constant miniaturization of field-effect transistors (FETS),
Transistors act like switches that flick on and off to represent data as zeroes and ones. A key challenge that FETS now face is reducing the power they consume.
This led to a more than 90 percent reduction in power consumption compared with conventional FETS. The scientists and engineers detailed their findings in the 1 oct. issue of the journal Nature. his transistor represents a major breakthrough in the electronics and semiconductor industry
says study co-author Kaustav Banerjee, an electrical engineer at UCSB. The new TFET is made from two atomically-thin layers of semiconducting molybdenum sulfide crystal on top of a substrate of germanium.
Until now, the only experimental TFET to meet the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) goal of average subthreshold swing below 60 millivolts per decade over four decades of current was a transistor that used nanowires.
#Bright blue PHOLEDS Almost Ready for TV A new energy-efficient organic LED (OLED) that glows a deep blue is finally close to meeting the most stringent U s. video display brightness requirements,
OLEDS have enabled a new generation of bright, high-quality, low-cost, power-efficient, flexible, lightweight flat panel displays.
Each pixel in an OLED display typically consists of red, green, and blue OLEDS that shine with different brightnesses to produce any desired color.
Phosphorescent OLEDS (PHOLEDS) use only one quarter the energy of conventional OLEDS. Green and red PHOLEDS are used already in smartphones and TVS
leading to longer battery lives and lower electricity bills, but developing the kind of bright deep blue PHOLEDS needed for video displays has proven challenging.
CA-based Soraa who is using the technology in their connected LED lamps. ee built the unique architecture where devices form a native,
Treatment of the tumours with anti-erbb2/neu mabs followed by interferon-gamma led to a considerable inhibition of tumour growth
as well as some very recent 3d printed wearables that embed electronic components, current 3d printing technology struggles with multi-material integrationhat is, the seamless and precise transition between flexible materials, rigid materials,
To address the problem, the team of researchers, led in part by Thomas Angelini, assistant professor in the department of mechanical and aerospace engineering at the University of Florida, took advantage of the physical properties of a commercially available granular hydrogel made up of 7 m-wide particles.
Coulter and Ianakiev describe the DEAS as ssentially flexible capacitors sending low energy electric signals to the flexible tubular structure
and LEDS operating under the focal point of an optical lens. The solar-to-electricity conversion efficiency of this CPV module is as high as 31 percent.
Very few think about the technology beneath their screens that conducts heat away from internal electronic components
#Electroluminescence with Phosphor Nanoparticles Holds Promise for Modern Lighting Light-emitting diodes (LEDS) are the modern lighting devices used in lamps, signals, signs or displays.
By contrast, organic semiconducting light-emitting materials (OLEDS) can be incorporated in thin layers and used on curved surfaces.
However, OLEDS for large-area illumination are cost-intensive at present owing to their low efficiency and short lifetime.
Rectifiers, ballast capacitors or other switching units that first adapt the voltage can be omitted. The researchers are currently working on further functionalization of the phosphor nanoparticles. ur goal is to generate white light by means of an altered doping
#Innovative Fabrication Technique for Hybrid Nanostructure Supercapacitor Electrode Offsetting this promise is the fact that,
while supercapacitors have the potential to charge faster and last longer than conventional batteries, they also need to be much larger in size
Thus, many scientists are working to develop green, lightweight, low-cost supercapacitors with high performance. Now two researchers from the S n. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, India, have developed a novel supercapacitor electrode based on a hybrid nanostructure made from a hybrid nickel oxide-iron oxide
exterior shell and a conductive iron-nickel core. In a paper published this week in the Journal of Applied Physics
They also demonstrate its superior performance compared to existing, non-hybrid supercapacitor electrodes. Since nickel oxide and iron oxide are environmental friendly and cheap materials that are widely available in nature,
the novel electrode promises green and low-cost supercapacitors in future.""This hybrid electrode shows the superior electrochemical performance in terms of high capacitance the ability to store electrical charge of nearly 1415 farad per gram, high current density of 2. 5 ampere per gram,
They are also known as electrochemical capacitors, and they promise high power density, high rate capability, superb cycle stability and high energy density.
Conventional capacitors have high power density but low energy density, which means they can quickly charge
Supercapacitors are a bridge between conventional capacitors and batteries, combining the advantageous properties of high power, high energy density and low internal resistance,
In supercapacitors, high capacitance, or the ability to store an electrical charge, is critical to achieve higher energy density.
one can manipulate the performance and quality of the supercapacitors, "Singh said. In Singh's experiment, the core/shell hybrid nanostructure was fabricated through a two-step method.
He explained that supercapacitors store charges through a chemical process known as a redox reaction, which involves a material giving up electrons
Larger redox reaction surfaces are essential for achieving a higher power density for supercapacitors.""Moreover, the conductive Fe-Ni core provides a highway to accelerate the transport of electrons to the current collector,
and electrochemical properties of the electrode, realizing high-performance supercapacitors,"Singh noted. How the New Electrode Performedusing techniques called cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge methods,
or graphene based supercapacitors for attaching redox active material on the current collector. Without the mass of binding materials, the hybrid electrode is a good candidate to make lightweight supercapacitors."
"The remarkable electrochemical performances and material properties suggest that the iron oxide-nickel oxide hybrid core/shell nanostructure could be a reliable and promising candidate for fabricating the next generation lightweight, low-cost
and green supercapacitor electrodes for real life application, "Singh said. The researchers'next plan is to develop a whole supercapacitor device based on the hybrid electrode and test its functional performance,
a step closer to manufacturing production. Source: http://www. aip. org g
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