#Microtubes create cozy space for neurons to grow and grow fast Tiny, thin microtubes could provide a scaffold for neuron cultures to grow
By using one nanocarrier to contain two different drugs we can potentially reduce their dose
The nanocarriers are made from a polymer called polyethylene glycol (PEG) to which researchers attach the cancer-killing drug camptothecin (CPT) like bunches of grapes on a vine.
The resulting nanocarrier is shaped like a flower#hence the term nanodaisy. The idea came from thinking actively about folding proteins in nature noted Gu referring to the way amino acids can assemble themselves into thousands of different shapes.
This approach to growing nanomaterials will improve the efficiency of various devices including solar cells and fuel cells.
#Researchers create unique graphene nanopores with optical antennas for DNA sequencing High-speed reading of the genetic code should get a boost with the creation of the world's first graphene nanopores pores measuring approximately 2 nanometers in diameter that feature a"built-in
one-step process for producing these nanopores in a graphene membrane using the photothermal properties of gold nanorods."
"With our integrated graphene nanopore with plasmonic optical antenna, we can obtain direct optical DNA sequence detection,
which a hot spot on a graphene membrane formed a nanopore with a self-integrated optical antenna.
"A key to the success of this effort is the single-step photothermal mechanism that enables the creation of graphene nanopores with self-aligned plasmonic optical antennas.
The atomically thin nature of the graphene membrane makes it ideal for high resolution, high throughput,
"In addition, either the gold nanoplasmonic optical antenna or the graphene can be functionalized to be responsive to different base-pair combinations,
"The results of this study were reported in Nano Letters in a paper titled"Graphene nanopore with a Self-Integrated Optical Antenna. e
Molybdenum disulfide isn't quite as flat as graphene the atom-thick form of pure carbon
When viewed from above it looks like graphene with rows of ordered hexagons. But seen from the side three distinct layers are revealed with sulfur atoms in their own planes above and below the molybdenum.
#A quantum leap in nanoparticle efficiency (Phys. org) New research has unlocked the secrets of efficiency in nanomaterials that is materials with very tiny particles
and scientists working in the nanomaterial industry y
#Researchers improve thermal conductivity of common plastic by adding graphene coating (Phys. org) A team of engineering
and physics researchers with members from the U s. the U k. and the Republic of Muldova has found that covering a common type of plastic with a graphene coating can increase its conductivity by up to 600 times.
In their paper published in the journal Nano Letters the team describes their new technique
Conversely graphene is an excellent conductor of heat (in the 2000-5000 W/mk range)
In this new effort the researchers sought to improve heat conduction in a plastic by applying graphene to its surface.
Graphene for the experiment was grown in sheets just a few microns thick and then applied to a thin sheet of PET.
The researchers suggest the graphene coated PET could be used in thermal management applications or thermal lighting
Researchers combine graphene and copper in hopes of shrinking electronics More information: Thermal conductivity of Graphene Laminate Nano Lett. 2014 14 (9) pp 5155-5161.
DOI: 10.1021/nl501996v. On Arxiv: http://arxiv. org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1407/1407.1359. pdfabstractwe have investigated thermal conductivity of graphene laminate films deposited on polyethylene terephthalate substrates.
Two types of graphene laminate were studied as deposited and compressed in order to determine the physical parameters affecting the heat conduction the most.
The measurements were performed using the optothermal Raman technique and a set of suspended samples with the graphene laminate thickness from 9 to 44 m. The thermal conductivity of graphene laminate was found to be in the range from 40 to 90 W/mk at room temperature.
It was found unexpectedly that the average size and the alignment of graphene flakes are more important parameters defining the heat conduction than the mass density of the graphene laminate.
The thermal conductivity scales up linearly with the average graphene flake size in both uncompressed and compressed laminates.
The compressed laminates have higher thermal conductivity for the same average flake size owing to better flake alignment.
Coating plastic materials with thin graphene laminate films that have up to 600 higher thermal conductivity than plastics may have important practical implications s
Published in Nature Nanotechnology researchers from Cardiff University have unveiled a new method for viewing nanodiamonds inside human living cells for purposes of biomedical research.
Nanodiamonds are very small particles (a thousand times smaller than human hair) and because of their low toxicity they can be used as a carrier to transport drugs inside cells.
There is a growing consensus among scientists that nanodiamonds are one of the best inorganic material alternatives for use in biomedical research, because of their compatibility with human cells,
Previous attempts by other research teams to visualise nanodiamonds under powerful light microscopes have run into the obstacle that the diamond material per se is transparent to visible light.
Locating the nanodiamonds under a microscope had relied on tiny defects in the crystal lattice which fluoresce under light illumination.
and in turn the image gleaned from the microscopic exploration of these flawed nanodiamonds, is sometimes also unstable.
In their latest paper, researchers from Cardiff University's Schools of Biosciences and Physics showed that non-fluorescing nanodiamonds (diamonds without defects) can be imaged optically
By focusing these laser beams onto the nanodiamond, a high-resolution CARS image is generated. Using an in-house built microscope,
the research team was able to measure the intensity of the CARS light on a series of single nanodiamonds of different sizes.
The nanodiamond size was measured accurately by means of electron microscopy and other quantitative optical contrast methods developed within the researcher's lab. In this way,
and number of nanodiamonds that had been delivered into living cells, with a level of accuracy hitherto not achieved by other methods.
The next step for us will be to push the technique to detect nanodiamonds of even smaller sizes than what we have shown so far
and Center for Functional Nanomaterials (CFN) completed a series of three studies each delving deeper into the molecular changes.
#Research unlocks potential of super-compound Researchers at The University of Western australia's have discovered that nano-sized fragments of graphene sheets of pure carbon-can speed up the rate of chemical reactions.
because it suggested that graphene might have potential applications in catalysing chemical reactions of industrial importance.
Graphene was one of the most exciting materials to work with in nanotechnology because its two-dimensional structure and unique chemical properties made it a promising candidate for new applications such as energy storage material composites as well as computing
Ever since the discovery of graphene in 2004 scientists have been looking for potential applications in nanochemistry he said.
Using powerful supercomputers researchers at UWA discovered that graphene nanoflakes can significantly enhance the rates of a range of chemical reactions.
Graphene is remarkably strong for its low weight-about 100 times stronger than steel -and it conducts heat and electricity with great efficiency.
The global market for graphene is reported to have reached US$9 million this year with most sales concentrated in the semiconductor electronics battery energy and composites.
Assistant professor Karton said the current investigation showed that graphene nonoflakes could efficiently catalyse a range of chemical reactions.
and extend the scope of the study to'infinite'graphene sheets rather than graphene nanoflakes he said d
#Atom-width graphene sensors could provide unprecedented insights into brain structure and function Understanding the anatomical structure
The new device uses graphene a recently discovered form of carbon on a flexible plastic backing that conforms to the shape of tissue.
The graphene sensors are electrically conductive but only 4 atoms thick less than 1 nanometer and hundreds of times thinner than current contacts.
Moreover graphene is nontoxic to biological systems an improvement over previous research into transparent electrical contacts that are much thicker rigid difficult to manufacture and reliant on potentially toxic metal alloys.
graphene which earned researchers the 2010 Nobel prize in Physics; super-resolved fluorescent microscopy which earned researchers the 2014 Nobel prize in Chemistry;
Graphene-based carbon-layered electrode array technology for neural imaging and optogenetic applications. Nature Communications 5 Article number:
#Materials for the next generation of electronics and photovoltaics One of the longstanding problems of working with nanomaterials substances at the molecular and atomic scale is controlling their size.
Hersam a professor of materials science engineering chemistry and medicine at Northwestern University has developed a method to separate nanomaterials by size
The National Science Foundation (NSF)- funded scientist theorized correctly that he could adapt it to separate carbon nanotubes rolled sheets of graphene (a single atomic layer of hexagonally bonded carbon atoms) long recognized for their potential applications in computers
It turns out that carbon nanomaterials are hydrophobic so water will roll right off of them he says.
#See-through one-atom-thick carbon electrodes powerful tool to study brain disorders Researchers from the Perelman School of medicine and School of engineering at the University of Pennsylvania and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia have used graphene
The Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics (CNT) under the leadership of senior author Brian Litt Phd has solved this problem with the development of a completely transparent graphene microelectrode that allows for simultaneous optical imaging
and their colleagues Kuzum notes that the team developed a neuroelectrode technology based on graphene to achieve high spatial and temporal resolution simultaneously.
Aside from the obvious benefits of its transparency graphene offers other advantages: It can act as an anti-corrosive for metal surfaces to eliminate all corrosive electrochemical reactions in tissues Kuzum says.
Another advantage of graphene is that it's flexible so we can make very thin flexible electrodes that can hug the neural tissue Kuzum notes.
The graphene microelectrodes developed could have wider application. They can be used in any application that we need to record electrical signals such as cardiac pacemakers
Because of graphene's nonmagnetic and anti-corrosive properties these probes can also be a very promising technology to increase the longevity of neural implants.
Graphene's nonmagnetic characteristics also allow for safe artifact-free MRI reading unlike metallic implants. Kuzum emphasizes that the transparent graphene microelectrode technology was achieved through an interdisciplinary effort of CNT and the departments of Neuroscience Pediatrics and Materials science at Penn and the division of Neurology at CHOP.
Ertugrul Cubukcu's lab at Materials science and engineering Department helped with the graphene processing technology used in fabricating flexible transparent neural electrodes as well as performing optical and materials characterization in collaboration with Euijae Shim and Jason Reed.
The simultaneous imaging and recording experiments involving calcium imaging with confocal and two photon microscopy was performed at Douglas Coulter's Lab at CHOP with Hajime Takano.
which is also favorable for graphene, CNT-graphene, CNTMETAL oxide based flexible electrodes, "Qiang said."
#New self-assembly method for fabricating graphene nanoribbons First characterized in 2004 graphene is a two-dimensional material with extraordinary properties.
The thickness of just one carbon atom and hundreds of times faster at conducting heat and charge than silicon graphene is expected to revolutionize high-speed transistors in the near future.
Graphene's exotic electronic and magnetic properties can be tailored by cutting large sheets of the material down to ribbons of specific lengths
Now scientists from UCLA and Tohoku University have discovered a new self-assembly method for producing defect-free graphene nanoribbons with periodic zigzag-edge regions.
In this bottom-up technique researchers use a copper substrate's unique properties to change the way the precursor molecules react to one another as they assemble into graphene nanoribbons.
This new method of graphene fabrication by self-assembly is a stepping stone toward the production of self-assembled graphene devices that will vastly improve the performance of data storage circuits batteries and electronics.
To make devices out of graphene we need to control its geometric and electronic structures Weiss said.
Making zigzag edges does both of these simultaneously as there are some special properties of graphene nanoribbons with zigzag edges.
Other bottom-up methods of fabricating graphene have been attempted but they have produced bundles of ribbons that need to be isolated subsequently
Our method opens the possibility for self-assembling single-graphene devices at desired locations because of the length and the direction control l
#A simple and versatile way to build 3-dimensional materials of the future Researchers in Japan have developed a novel yet simple technique called diffusion driven layer-by-layer assembly to construct graphene into porous
Graphene is essentially an ultra-thin sheet of carbon and possesses exciting properties such as high mechanical stability and remarkable electrical conductivity.
However the thin structure of graphene also acts as a major obstacle for practical uses. When piecing together these tiny sheets into larger structures the sheets easily stack with one another resulting in a significant loss of unique material properties.
and developed it into a technique to assemble graphene into porous 3d architectures while preventing stacking between the sheets.
By putting graphene oxide (an oxidized form of graphene) into contact with an oppositely charged polymer the two components could form a stable composite layer a process also known as interfacial complexation.
and induce additional reactions which allowed the graphene-based composite to develop into thick multilayered structures.
The resulting products display a foam-like porous structure ideal for maximizing the benefits of graphene with the porosity tunable from ultra-light to highly dense through simple changes in experimental conditions.
While we have demonstrated only the construction of graphene-based structures in this study we strongly believe that the new technique will be able to serve as a general method for the assembly of a much wider range of nanomaterials concluded Franklin Kim the principal investigator of the study y
Using EGCG IBN researchers have engineered successfully nanocarriers that can deliver drugs and kill cancer cells more efficiently.
Our green tea nanocarrier not only delivered protein drugs more effectively to the cancer cells, the combination of carrier and drug also dramatically reduced tumor growth compared with the drug alone.
To solve this problem IBN has designed a therapeutic nanocarrier for drug delivery using novel compounds derived from EGCG.
Using the new nanocarrier twice as much drug accumulated in the cancer cells indicating an improved tumor targeting ability.
IBN has filed a patent on their green tea nanocarrier and is developing this technology for clinical applications.
when he experimented with a new type of nanomaterial: the nanosheet. Specifically he designed a strong stable
#New nanomaterial introduced into electrical machines Lappeenranta University of Technology in Finland has constructed the world's first prototype electrical motor using carbon nanotube yarn in the motor windings.
and packing at electrode surfaces the team combined knowledge about graphene and organic crystals. Though it was difficult Briseno says they managed to get the necessary compounds to stack like coins.
We had exploited essentially every substrate possible until we finally succeeded with graphene he adds which happened by accident
#New research points to graphene as a flexible low-cost touchscreen solution New research published today in the journal Advanced Functional Materials suggests that graphene-treated nanowires could soon replace current touchscreen technology
Researchers from the University of Surrey and AMBER the materials science centre based at Trinity college Dublin have demonstrated now how graphene-treated nanowires can be used to produce flexible touchscreens at a fraction of the current cost.
Using a simple scalable and inexpensive method the researchers produced hybrid electrodes the building blocks of touchscreen technology from silver nanowires and graphene.
We achieved this using graphene a material that can conduct electricity and interpret touch commands
"For anyone working with nanomaterials at dimensions 5 nanometers or less, our well-characterized nanoparticles can ensure confidence that their measurements are accurate,
Resonant energy transfer from quantum dots to graphene More information: Edes Saputra Jun Ohta Naoki Kakuda and Koichi Yamaguchi Self-Formation of In-Plane Ultrahigh-Density Inas Quantum dots on Gaassb/Gaas (001) Appl.
Gallium nitride micro-rods grown on graphene substrates Bendy light-emitting diode (LED) displays and solar cells crafted with inorganic compound semiconductor micro-rods are moving one step closer to reality thanks to graphene and the work of a team of researchers in Korea.
Currently most flexible electronics and optoelectronics devices are fabricated using organic materials. But inorganic compound semiconductors such as gallium nitride (Gan) can provide plenty of advantages over organic materials for use in these devices#including superior optical electrical and mechanical properties.
on graphene to create transferrable LEDS and enable the fabrication of bendable and stretchable devices.
When combined with graphene substrates these microstructures also show excellent tolerance for mechanical deformation. Why choose graphene for substrates?
Ultrathin graphene films consist of weakly bonded layers of hexagonally arranged carbon atoms held together by strong covalent bonds.
This makes graphene an ideal substrate because it provides the desired flexibility with excellent mechanical strength
#and it's also chemically and physically stable at temperatures in excess of 1000#C said Yi.
It's important to note that for the Gan micro-rod growth the very stable and inactive surface of graphene offers a small number of nucleation sites for Gan growth
which would enhance three-dimensional island growth of Gan micro-rods on graphene. To create the actual Gan microstructure LEDS on the graphene substrates the team uses a catalyst-free metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) process they developed back in 2002.
Among the technique's key criteria it's necessary to maintain high crystallinity control over doping formation of heterostructures
and reliability of Gan micro-rod LEDS fabricated on graphene to the test they found that the resulting flexible LEDS showed intense electroluminescence (EL)
By taking advantage of larger-sized graphene films hybrid heterostructures can be used to fabricate various electronics
Scientists grow a new challenger to graphene More information: Growth and characterizations of Gan micro-rods on graphene films for flexible light-emitting diodes by Kunook Chung Hyeonjun Beak Youngbin Tchoe Hongseok Oh Hyobin Yoo Miyoung Kim and Gyu
-Chul Yi APL Materials September 23 2014: scitation. aip. org/content/aip/#/9/10.1063/1. 489478 1
#Scientists grow a new challenger to graphene A team of researchers from the University of Southampton's Optoelectronics Research Centre (ORC) has developed a new way to fabricate a potential challenger to graphene.
Graphene a single layer of carbon atoms in a honeycomb lattice is increasingly being used in new electronic and mechanical applications such as transistors switches
Now ORC researchers have developed molybdenum di-sulphide (Mos2) a similar material to graphene that shares many of its properties including extraordinary electronic conduction
This new class of thin metal/sulphide materials known as transition metal di-chalcogenides (TMDCS) has become an exciting complimentary material to graphene.
However unlike graphene TMDCS can also emit light allowing applications such as photodetectors and light emitting devices to be manufactured.
and a two-dimensional graphene platform to boost production of the hard-to-make element. The research also unveiled a previously unknown property of graphene.
The two-dimensional chain of carbon atoms not only gives and receives electrons, but can also transfer them into another substance.
in short, a material like graphene. Graphene is a super strong, super light, near totally transparent sheet of carbon atoms and one of the best conductors of electricity ever discovered.
Graphene owes its amazing properties to being two-dimensional.""Graphene not only has all these amazing properties,
but it is also ultra-thin and biologically inert,"said Rozhkova.""Its very presence allowed the other components to self-assemble around it,
which totally changes how the electrons move throughout our system.""Rozhkova's mini-hydrogen generator works like this:
both the br protein and the graphene platform absorb visible light. Electrons from this reaction are transmitted to the titanium dioxide on
Tests also revealed a new quirk of graphene behavior.""The majority of the research out there states that graphene principally conducts
and accepts electrons, "said Argonne postdoctoral researcher Peng Wang.""Our exploration using EPR allowed us to prove, experimentally,
that graphene also injects electrons into other materials.""Rozhkova's hydrogen generator proves that nanotechnology,
"This research,"Photoinduced Electron Transfer pathways in Hydrogen-Evolving Reduced graphene oxide-Boosted Hybrid Nano-Bio Catalyst,
#Graphene sensor tracks down cancer biomarkers An ultrasensitive biosensor made from the wonder material graphene has been used to detect molecules that indicate an increased risk of developing cancer.
To develop a viable bionsensor the researchers from the University of Swansea had to create patterned graphene devices using a large substrate area
which was not possible using the traditional exfoliation technique where layers of graphene are stripped from graphite.
Instead they grew graphene onto a silicon carbide substrate under extremely high temperatures and low pressure to form the basis of the biosensor.
The researchers then patterned graphene devices using semiconductor processing techniques before attaching a number of bioreceptor molecules to the graphene devices.
In their study the researchers used x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy to confirm that the bioreceptor molecules had attached to the graphene biosensor once fabricated
When 8-OHDG attached to the bioreceptor molecules on the sensor there was a notable difference in the graphene channel resistance
Results showed that the graphene sensor was capable of detecting 8-OHDG concentrations as low as 0. 1 ng ml-1
The graphene biosensor was also considerably faster at detecting the target molecules completing the analysis in a matter of minutes.
and monitor a whole range of diseases as it is quite simple to substitute the specific receptor molecules on the graphene surface.
Graphene has superb electronic transport properties and has an intrinsically high surface-to-volume ratio
Now that we've created the first proof-of-concept biosensor using epitaxial graphene we will look to investigate a range of different biomarkers associated with different diseases and conditions as well as detecting a number of different biomarkers on the same chip.
On the edge of graphene More information: Generic epitaxial graphene biosensors of ultrasensitive detection of cancer risk biomarker Z Tehrani et al 2014 2d Mater. 1 025004. iopscience. iop. org/2053
-1583/1/2/025004/articl l
#Startup scales up graphene production develops biosensors and supercapacitors An official of a materials technology and manufacturing startup based on a Purdue University innovation says his company is addressing the challenge of scaling graphene production for commercial applications.
Glenn Johnson CEO of Bluevine Graphene Industries Inc. said many of the methodologies being utilized to produce graphene today are not easily scalable
and require numerous postprocessing steps to use it in functional applications. He said the company's product development team has developed a way to scale the production of graphene to meet commercial volumes and many different applications.
Our graphene electrodes are created using a roll-to-roll chemical vapor deposition process and then they are combined with other materials utilizing a different roll-to-roll process he said.
We can give the same foundational graphene electrodes entirely different properties utilizing standard or custom materials that we are developing for our own commercial products.
In essence what we've done is developed scalable graphene electrodes that are foundational pieces and can be customized easily to unique customer applications.
Timothy Fisher founder and Chief Technology Officer of Bluevine Graphene Industries developed the technology. He also is the James G. Dwyer Professor of Mechanical engineering at Purdue.
The patented technology has been licensed exclusively to Bluevine Graphene Industries through the Purdue Office of Technology Commercialization.
We're moving up to roll-to-roll large-scale manufacturing capabilities. These roll-to-roll systems allow us to increase output by a thousand-fold over the original research-scale processes Fisher said.
These state-of-the-art systems allow us to leverage the game-changing properties of graphene and in particular our graphene petal technology called Folium#at production scales that provide tremendous pricing advantages.
Bluevine Graphene Industries already is developing and testing two commercial applications for its Folium technology:
biosensors and supercapacitors. Johnson said the company's first-generation glucose monitoring technology could impact the use of traditional testing systems like lancets
which are made with gold and other precious metals. The second-generation technology could allow people to use noninvasive methods to test their glucose levels through saliva tears or urine.
Supercapacitors are Bluevine Graphene Industries'second application under development for its Folium graphene. Johnson said the company's graphene supercapacitors are reaching the energy density of lithium-ion batteries without a similar energy fade over time.
Our graphene-based supercapacitors charge in just a fraction of the time needed to charge lithium-ion batteries.
There are many consumer industrial and military applications he said. Wouldn't it be great if mobile phones could be recharged fully in only a matter of minutes
and quality assurance processes to produce commercial volumes of the Folium graphene. We also are focused on working with potential customers to continue to develop baseline products for both our biosensor
Graphene reinvents the futur t
#Nanoribbon film keeps glass ice-free: Team refines deicing film that allows radio frequencies to pass Rice university scientists who created a deicing film for radar domes have refined now the technology to work as a transparent coating for glass.
The material is made of graphene nanoribbons atom-thick strips of carbon created by splitting nanotubes a process also invented by the Tour lab
The graphene-infused paint worked well Tour said but where it was thickest it would break down
but testing showed the graphene nanoribbons themselves formed an active network when applied directly to a surface.
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