and could be important for future device technologies as well as for fundamental studies of electron transport in molecular nanostructures.
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#Nanowires give'solar fuel cell'efficiency a tenfold boost: Eindhoven researchers make important step towards a solar cell that generates hydrogen A solar cell that produces fuel rather than electricity.
Processing the gallium phosphide in the form of very small nanowires is novel and helps to boost the yield by a factor of ten.
The researchers have overcome this problem by making a grid of very small Gap nanowires, measuring five hundred nanometers (a millionth of a millimeter) long and ninety nanometers thick.
"For the nanowires we needed ten thousand less precious Gap material than in cells with a flat surface.
This objective was achieved by creating a homogenous coating made of a nanocomposite of zinc oxide/nitrogen silver (N-Ag/Zno) on the fabrics.
the processing of the woolen fabric samples by using optimum amount of honeycomb nanocomposite such as N-Ag/Zno improves the biological, mechanical and hydrophilicity of the fabrics.
Among the other advantages of the use of this nanocomposite in the production of fabrics, mention can be made of creating a delay in flammability,
Finally, the abovementioned properties are created in the final product by processing of the woolen fabrics with the nanocomposite.
or nanostructure is that you can excite some subset of electrons in the metal to a much higher energy level,
Halas said one way to lower manufacturing costs would be to incorporate high-efficiency light-gathering plasmonic nanostructures with low-cost semiconductors like metal oxides.
the plasmonic nanostructures have optical properties that can be controlled precisely by modifying their shape.""We can tune plasmonic structures to capture light across the entire solar spectrum,
Each consisted of a plasmonic gold nanowire atop a semiconducting layer of titanium dioxide. In the first setup, the gold sat directly on the semiconductor,
electrically conductive sheets of tiny carbon nanotubes to form a jellyroll-like sheath around a long rubber core.
senior author of the paper and director of the Alan G. Macdiarmid Nanotech Institute at UT Dallas. One key to the performance of the new conducting elastic fibers is the introduction of buckling into the carbon nanotube
the carbon nanofibers form a complex buckled structure, which allows for repeated stretching of the fiber."
the Robert A. Welch Distinguished Chair in Chemistry at UT Dallas."We make the inelastic carbon nanotube sheaths of our sheath-core fibers super stretchable by modulating large buckles with small buckles,
"This novel combination of buckling in two dimensions avoids misalignment of nanotube and rubber core directions, enabling the electrical resistance of the sheath-core fiber to be insensitive to stretch."
"By adding a thin overcoat of rubber to the sheath-core fibers and then another carbon nanotube sheath,
which the buckled nanotube sheaths serve as electrodes and the thin rubber layer is a dielectric, resulting in a fiber capacitor.
"The only exotic component is the carbon nanotube aerogel sheet used for the fiber sheath.""Last year, UT Dallas licensed to Lintec of America a process Baughman's team developed to transform carbon nanotubes into large-scale structures, such as sheets.
Lintec opened its Nanoscience & Technology Center in Richardson, Texas, less than 5 miles from the UT Dallas campus,
to manufacture carbon nanotube aerogel sheets for diverse applications.#####The Science research was supported by the Air force Office of Scientific research, the Robert A. Welch Foundation, the U s army, the National institutes of health, the National Science Foundation and the Office of Naval Research.
#Laboratorial Performance of Nanocomposite Membrane Improved in Water purification The membrane is able to separate dye components from a large amount of water.
The aim of this research was to produce a polymeric nanocomposite membrane and to modify its performance.
The polymeric membrane is made of polyethersulfone nanocomposite and multiwalled carbon nanotubes were used in its structure. Carbon nanotubes have unique properties
and they have numerous applications in the production of nanocomposite membranes. However, the heterogeneous distribution of nanoparticles in the structure of the membrane polymer can be considered as an important problem.
The surface of nanoparticles was coated with polystyrene sulfonate as a new approach to improve the homogenous distribution of nanoparticles in polymer.
This method significantly affects the distribution of nanoparticles in the membrane polymer and it modifies the structure and the separation performance.
and aligned than carbon nanotubes, another material under investigation for membrane separation. Kumar and co-authors report their development in a recent issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science."
and after it was compressed (b). Compression makes the graphene nanoflakes more dense, which improves the electrical conductivity of the laminate.
Now a team of Northwestern University researchers has found a way to print three-dimensional structures with graphene nanoflakes.
and Patchable Strain Sensor for Humanmachine Interfaces Comprising a Nanohybrid of Carbon nanotubes and Conductive Elastomers"),could help robot developers make their machines more human.
The researchers created a stretchable and transparent sensor by layering a carbon nanotube film on two different kinds of electrically conductive elastomers.
#Researchers form complete nanobatteries inside nanopores Nanostructured batteries, when properly designed and built, offer promise for delivering their energy at much higher power and longer life than conventional technology.
nanostructures (such as nanowires) must be paced into dense"nanostructure forests, "producing 3-D nanogeometries in which ions and electrons must rapidly move.
identical nanopores in an alumina template to determine how well ions and electrons can do their job in such ultrasmall environments.
Up to a billion of these nanopore batteries could fit in a grain of sand. The nanobatteries were fabricated by atomic layer deposition to make oxide nanotubes (for ion storage) inside metal nanotubes for electron transport, all inside each end of the nanopores.
The tiny nanobatteries work extremely well: they can transfer half their energy in just a 30 second charge
Complete nanobatteries are formed in each nanopore of a dense nanopore array (2 billion per cm2),
using atomic layer deposition to carefully control thickness and length of multilayer concentric nanotubes as electrodes at each end.
Research Insights Tiny batteries formed inside nanopores were used to demonstrate that properly scaled nanostructures can utilize the full theoretical capacity of the charge storage material
and discharge) and for extended cycling, demonstrating that precise nanostructures can be constructed to assess the fundamentals of ion
and electron transport in nanostructures for energy storage and to test the limits of 3-D nanobattery technology y
and measure chemical and biological molecules using a broadband nanostructure that traps wide range of light,
Nanocomposite Technology, Interface Materials, and Bio Interfaces s
#Transient melting of a nanocrystal: seeing is believing (Nanowerk News) Jesse Clark, working as a postdoc in the LCN group of Ian Robinson,
Nanoparticles thus modified are used to develop nanocomposites: they combine the physical solid-state properties of e g. ceramics or semiconductors with classic polymer-processing technology.
the chemist summarizes the potential of nanocomposite technology. Read more: Surface-modified nanoparticles endow coatings with combined propertie e
researchers lay out a mesh of nanowires sandwiched in layers of organic polymer. The first layer is dissolved then, leaving the flexible mesh,
is a soft, nanocomposite biomaterial. The engineers reinforced the material with silicate nanoparticles to keep the structure from melting at the physiologically relevant temperature of 98.6 degrees.
#Researchers grind nanotubes to get nanoribbons (w/video) A simple way to turn carbon nanotubes into valuable graphene nanoribbons may be to grind them,
is to mix two types of chemically modified nanotubes. When they come into contact during grinding,
The research by Ajayan and his international collaborators appears in Nature Communications("Ambient solid-state mechano-chemical reactions between functionalized carbon nanotubes".
the new process is still a chemical reaction that depends on molecules purposely attached to the nanotubes, a process called functionalization.
The most interesting part to the researchers is that a process as simple as grinding could deliver strong chemical coupling between solid nanostructures
If we can use nanotubes as templates, functionalize them and get reactions under the right conditions,
what kinds of things can we make with a large number of possible nanostructures and chemical functional groups?
The nanoribbons boost the materialselectronic properties and/or strength. ontrolling such structures by mechano-chemical transformation will be the key to find new applications,
In their tests, the researchers prepared two batches of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, one with carboxyl groups and the other with hydroxyl groups attached.
triggering the nanotubes to unzip into nanoribbons, with water as a byproduct. hat serendipitous observation will lead to further systematic studies of nanotubes reactions in solid state,
including ab initio theoretical models and simulations, Ajayan said. his is exciting. The experiments were duplicated by participating labs at Rice
so the energy enough to break up the nanotubes into ribbons, but the details of the dynamics are difficult to monitor,
Kabbani said. here no way we can grind two nanotubes in a microscope and watch it happen.
that you can control reactions by supporting the reactants on nanostructures, Ajayan said. hat wee done is very crude,
and Yeon Sik Jung of the Department of Materials science and engineering at KAIST has developed the first flexible PRAM enabled by self-assembled block copolymer (BCP) silica nanostructures with an ultralow current operation (below one quarter
BCP silica nanostructures successfully lowered the contact area by localizing the volume change of phase-change materials
"Low-power nonvolatile PRAM for flexible and wearable memories enabled by (a) self-assembled BCP silica nanostructures and (b) self-structured conductive filament nanoheater.
and gather data about reactions that can be observed only as they are happening inside a battery("Probing Lithium Germanide Phase Evolution and Structural Change in a Germanium-in-Carbon nanotube Energy storage system").
Synthetic nanocomposites can mimic the characteristic brick -and-mortar-like structure of nacre, but combinations of stiffness, strength, toughness and desirable optical properties have remained difficult to achieve.
In nature, nacre is made a nanocomposite of layers of inorganic microtablets laminated by different biopolymers that stabilize the architecture.
and tweak the nacre nanocomposite structure for possible mechanical and functional applications. Focusing on the laminating polymer phase,
the nanocomposite material self-assembled to form a film that possesses all relevant features like excellent transparency, structural periodicity, orientation, stiffness,
not only appealing as mechanically robust nanocomposites, but also for their multifunctional properties relevant to other applications:
"Laser-assembled nanowires For the first step in grid construction, the team took advantage of their recent invention of laser zone annealing (LZA) to produce the extremely localized thermal spikes needed to drive ultra-fast self-assembly.
and transforms them into functional nanowires. Layer-by-layer lattice The first completed nanowire array acts as the foundation of the full lattice.
Additional layers each one following variations on that same process, are stacked then to produce customized, crisscrossing configurationsike chain-link fences 10,000 times thinner than a human hair."
"The direction of the laser sweeping across each unassembled layer determines the orientation of the nanowire rows,
"For example, a single layer of platinum nanowires conducts electricity in only one direction, but a two-layer mesh conducts uniformly in all directions."
and thus have a lot of freedom in fabricating multi-component nanostructures, "Yager said.""It's hard to anticipate all the technologies this rapid and versatile technique will allow. e
and selectively filled via epitaxy to create arbitrary shaped III-V semiconductors such as nanowires, cross junctions, nanostructures containing constrictions and 3d stacked nanowires.
Using this small seed area epitaxy, today at the VLSI Symposium in Kyoto, IBM scientist Lukas Czornomaz is presenting a solution for large scale and controlled integration of high quality Ingaas on bulk Silcon (Si)
#Nanostructure design enables pixels to produce two different colors (Nanowerk News) Through precise structural control,
So they set about designing a nanostructure architecture that could provide more bang for the buck. Having previously used plasmonic materials to generate color prints at the optical diffraction limit by carefully varying the nanostructure size and spacing
Goh and Yang trialed two aluminum nanostructures as pixel arrays: ellipses and two squares separated by a very small space (known as coupled nanosquare dimers.
Complex nanostructures, including circularly asymmetric shapes, offer many more options. By employing additional circular polarizations, we could encode multiple images that is,
In our experiment we use gold nanorods (34x25x25 nm) and we observe how the resonance frequency shifts depending on the orientation of the polarization.
A thin liquid crystal layer is sandwiched over a metallic nanostructure shaped like a microscopic egg carton that absorbs some light wavelengths
several of which they also analyzed. hile the dipole moment is zero for flat graphene or cylindrical nanotubes,
Carbon nanotubes, seamless cylinders of graphene, do not display a total dipole moment, he said. While not zero, the vector-induced moments cancel each other out.
#Discovery of nanotubes offers new clues about cell-to-cell communication When it comes to communicating with each other,
Certain types of stem cells use microscopic, threadlike nanotubes to communicate with neighboring cells, like a landline phone connection, rather than sending a broadcast signal,
"The nanotubes had actually been hiding in plain sight. The investigation began when a postdoctoral researcher in Yamashita's lab,
Until the discovery of the nanotubes, scientists had been puzzled as to how cellular signals guiding identity could act on one of the cells
The researchers conducted experiments that showed disruption of nanotube formation compromised the ability of the germ line stem cells to renew themselves s
and lecturer at the MIPT Section of the Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures (DMCP). American colleagues confirmed this prediction in related experiments."
Such electric fields surround all nanostructures like an aura. Their properties provide information, for instance, on the distribution of charges in atoms or molecules.
depending on the local electric potential field of a nanostructure on the surface of a sample,
the first is the field of a nanostructure being measured, and the second is a field surrounding the tip of the microscope,
#Novel method creates nanowires with new useful properties (Nanowerk News) Harvard scientists have developed a first-of-its-kind method of creating a class of nanowires that one day could have applications in areas ranging from consumer electronics to solar panels.
but researchers for years have recognized a similar phenomenon in nanowires. When heated to extreme temperatures
Day and Mankin heated traditionally grown nanowires to just below that transformation point in a vacuum chamber,
when nanowires break down at high temperatures. Unlike with the droplets, though, the process can be controlled tightly.
Along with duplicating the process in nanowires between 20 and 100 nanometers in diameter, researchers demonstrated the process using several combinations of materials,
In addition to being able to tune the distance between the lobes on nanowires, Mankin said tests showed they were also able to tune the cross-section of the wires.
What that means is that you could absorb the same amount of infrared light with these nanowires as you could with traditional silicon materials that are 100 times thicker.
if you wanted to use nanowires for photo-detection of green and blue light, youd need two wires,
#3d'printouts'at the nanoscale using self-assembling DNA structures A novel way of making 3d nanostructures from DNA is described in a study published in the renowned journal Nature("DNA rendering of polyhedral meshes
which enables the creation of synthetic DNA NANOSTRUCTURES of remarkable complexity. Bjrn Hgberg and Erik Benson The team behind the study likens the new approach to a 3d printer for nanoscale structures.
One of the big advantages of building nanostructures out of DNA is that the bases bind to each other through base-paring in a predictable fashion.
This new method makes it very easy to design DNA NANOSTRUCTURES and gives more design freedom,
physiological salt concentrations that are more suitable for biological applications of DNA NANOSTRUCTURES, explains Dr Hgberg.
DNA NANOSTRUCTURES have also been used to make targeted capsules able to deliver cancer drugs direct to tumour cells,
TEM Nanocube A nanoscale view of the new superfast fluorescent system using a transmission electron microscope.
Energy trapped on the surface of the nanocube in this fashion is called a plasmon. The plasmon creates an intense electromagnetic field between the silver nanocube
and a thin sheet of gold placed a mere 20 atoms away. This field interacts with quantum dots--spheres of semiconducting material just six nanometers wide--that are sandwiched in between the nanocube and the gold.
The quantum dots in turn, produce a directional, efficient emission of photons that can be turned on and off at more than 90 gigahertz."
"The group is now working to use the plasmonic structure to create a single photon source--a necessity for extremely secure quantum communications--by sandwiching a single quantum dot in the gap between the silver nanocube and gold foil.
graphene, a conductive polymer and carbon nanotubes, which are atom-thick latticelike networks of carbon formed into cylinders.
and the carbon nanotubes carefully inserted between the graphene layers to form a self-assembled flat-packed,
The result was a 3d shape with, thanks to the carbon nanotubes, a massive surface area, excellent charge capacity that is also foldable.
#Making polymer nanostructures from a greenhouse gas (Nanowerk News) A future where power plants feed their carbon dioxide directly into an adjacent production facility instead of spewing it up a chimney
In the journal Angewandte Chemie("Construction of Versatile and Functional Nanostructures Derived from CO2-based Polycarbonates),
Versatile nanostructures made from CO2 based polycarbonates. Wiley-VCH) CO2 and epoxides (highly reactive compounds with a three-membered ring made of two carbon atoms
and aligned than carbon nanotubes, another material under investigation for membrane separation. Kumar and co-authors report their development in a recent issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science("Highly permeable artificial water channels that can self-assemble into two-dimensional arrays"."
researchers lay out a mesh of nanowires sandwiched in layers of organic polymer. The first layer is dissolved then, leaving the flexible mesh,
For more information, visit www1. lehigh. edu. Harsh Environments No Match for New Fiber Sensor Nanofiber Fabrication Boosts Quantum computing Sulfur Copolymers Boost IR Optics
The researchers were also able to insert carbon nanotubes into the dry object so that it could conduct electricity.
When they tested one conductive gel with the nanotubes and one without, they were able to create a 3d electrical circuit.
By filling a metallic waffle-like nanostructure with liquid crystal, and sandwiching it between layers of plastic,
or absorbed by the nanostructure. The team at the University of Central Florida created a 1mm-sized"Afghan Girl"image
The laser is modulated by a synthetic nanosheet, a multi-segmented, layered material that can emit in red, green,
and added a thin film to their nanostructures, as well as a thick coating to the back of the cells,
the team carefully engineered a 3d supercapacitor with carbon nanotube electrodes, and a hybrid battery. Both of them were fully functional even at 75 percent compression,
the secret to these new prototype solar cells are gallium phosphide nanowires, which can split water into its hydrogen
So the researchers tried producing a grid of tiny gallium phosphide nanowires measuring 90 nanometres thick and 500 nanometers long,
"For the nanowires we needed 10,000 less precious Gap material than in cells with a flat surface.
#Carbon nanotube finding could lead to flexible electronics with longer battery life Led by materials science Associate professor Michael Arnold
and Professor Padma Gopalan the team has reported the highest-performing carbon nanotube transistors ever demonstrated. In addition to paving the way for improved consumer electronics this technology could also have specific uses in industrial and military applications.
In a paper published recently in the journal ACS Nano Arnold Gopalan and their students reported transistors with an on-off ratio that's 1000 times better and a conductance that's 100 times better than previous state-of-the-art carbon nanotube transistors.
Carbon nanotubes are very strong and very flexible so they could also be used to make flexible displays
Carbon nanotubes are single atomic sheets of carbon rolled up into a tube. As some of the best electrical conductors ever discovered carbon nanotubes have long been recognized as a promising material for next-generation transistors
which are semiconductor devices that can act like an on-off switch for current or amplify current. This forms the foundation of an electronic device.
However researchers have struggled to isolate purely semiconducting carbon nanotubes which are crucial because metallic nanotube impurities act like copper wires and short the device.
Researchers have struggled also to control the placement and alignment of nanotubes. Until now these two challenges have limited the development of high-performance carbon nanotube transistors.
Building on more than two decades of carbon nanotube research in the field the UW-Madison team drew on cutting-edge technologies that use polymers to selectively sort out the semiconducting nanotubes achieving a solution of ultra-high-purity semiconducting carbon nanotubes.
Previous techniques to align the nanotubes resulted in less than-desirable packing density or how close the nanotubes are to one another
when they are assembled in a film. However the UW-Madison researchers pioneered a new technique called floating evaporative self-assembly or FESA
which they described earlier in 2014 in the ACS journal Langmuir. In that technique researchers exploited a self-assembly phenomenon triggered by rapidly evaporating a carbon nanotube solution.
The team's most recent advance also brings the field closer to realizing carbon nanotube transistors as a feasible replacement for silicon transistors in computer chips
and in high-frequency communication devices which are rapidly approaching their physical scaling and performance limits.
This is not an incremental improvement in performance Arnold says. With these results we've really made a leap in carbon nanotube transistors.
Our carbon nanotube transistors are an order of magnitude better in conductance than the best thin film transistor technologies currently being used commercially
while still switching on and off like a transistor is supposed to function. The researchers have patented their technology through the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation
#Two-dimensional metamaterial surface manipulates light A single layer of metallic nanostructures has been designed, fabricated and tested by a team of Penn State electrical engineers that can provide exceptional capabilities for manipulating light.
which consists of a periodic array of strongly coupled nanorod resonators, could improve systems that perform optical characterization in scientific devices, such as ellipsometers;
By using an electrical pulse to create a temporary nanopore in a cell membrane, researchers can deliver chemicals, drugs,
#New superconducting hybrid crystals A new type of'nanowire'crystals that fuses semiconducting and metallic materials on the atomic scale could lay the foundation for future semiconducting electronics.
"Our new material was born as a hybrid between a semiconducting nanowire and its electronic contact.
Thus we have invented a way to make a perfect transition between the nanowire and a superconductor.
ever since research into nanowire crystals has existed at the Nanoscience Center at the Niels Bohr Institute.
Nanowire and contact formed at the same time Nanowires are extremely thin nanocrystal threads used in the development of new electronic components
Part of the challenge of working with nanowires is creating a good transition between these nanowires and an electrical contact to the outside world.
but from all over the world, have cultured nanowires and the contact separately. However, with the new approach, both the quality and the reproducibility of the contact have improved considerably."
"The atoms sit in a perfectly ordered lattice in the nanowire crystal, not only in the semiconductor and the metal,
You could say that it is the ultimate limit to how perfect a transition one could imagine between a nanowire crystal and a contact.
Chips with billions of nanowire hybrids In their publication in Nature Materials, the research group has demonstrated this perfect contact
and its properties and has shown also that they can make a chip with billions of identical semiconductor-metal nanowire hybrids."
and that is why the research into nanowires is interesting for the largest electronics companies, "says Thomas Sand Jespersen.
The project was a collaboration between Englund's group and the Quantum Nanostructures and Nanofabrication Group
Transforming planar materials into 3-D microarchitectures Researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have developed a unique process for geometrically transforming two dimensional (2d) micro/nanostructures into extended 3d layouts
Complex, 3d micro/nanostructures are ubiquitous in biology, where they provide essential functions in even the most basic forms of life.
#Nanowire clothing could keep people warm without heating everything else To stay warm when temperatures drop outside,
But scientists have developed now a novel nanowire coating for clothes that can both generate heat
the special nanowire cloth trapped body heat far more effectively. Because the coatings are made out of conductive materials,
Made with nanofibers extracted from Kevlar, the tough material in bulletproof vests, the barrier stifles the growth of metal tendrils that can become unwanted pathways for electrical current.
"Unlike other ultra strong materials such as carbon nanotubes, Kevlar is said an insulator Nicholas Kotov, the Joseph B. and Florence V. Cejka Professor of Engineering."
The study,"A dendrite-suppressing solid ion conductor from aramid nanofibers, "will appear online Jan 27 in Nature Communications.
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