coated the foil with electrode-laden, conductive material; and then replaced the 300mah battery inside Samsung Gear 2 smartwatch with the coated kirigami-cut aluminum foil.
Essentially the equivalent of a capacitor when used in an AC (Alternating current) circuit, EL panels encase their light-emitting material between two electrodes.
In standard panels, one electrode is generally clear glass or plastic coated with a transparent conductive coating,
while the opaque rear electrode is made generally from a reflective metal foil. In the KIT/Binder EL panel,
including electrodes and copper circuits. The process is distinct from micro laser sintering or direct metal laser sintering,
including electrodes and copper circuits. The process is distinct from micro laser sintering or direct metal laser sintering,
and Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS) created the device using tiny filaments of graphene attached to metal electrodes,
either the underlying substrate or the metal electrodes is because, as graphene is heated up, it is less able to conduct heat away from itself.
which involves low-level current being passed through electrodes on a patient's head. Like deep brain stimulation, it affects electrical activity in specific areas of the brain,
According to the researchers, the vanadium flow battery works especially well with their hybrid electrode, allowing them to boost the electric current,
and wirelessly transmitted to electrodes implanted onto the surface of the retina. Providing the implant works as intended,
the other in 2014) that involved surgically implanting an electrode array on the spinal cord. This time,
which involves strategically placing electrodes on the skin of the lower back. While receiving stimulation, the men's legs were supported by braces that hung from the ceiling.
the battery will also use other inexpensive elements, such as carbon electrodes. He also cites the fact that quinones are natural
semisolid electrode material into a revolution in how lithium-ion batteries are designed and built. Back then, cofounder and Massachusetts institute of technology professor Yet-Ming Chiang described a lean sheet of paperapproach, combining concepts from flow batteries and fuel cells,
And by using a fluid-like set of electrodes that can be formed into a working cell in one step,
During 24m early days, Chiang and startup cofounder and fellow MIT professor W. Craig Carter saw its semisolid electrode material--dubbed ambridge crudefor its MIT roots--as a material to be used in flow batteries,
The startup received early funding from the Department of energy ARPA-E program to explore the potential uses for this material. e originally conceived of using this type of electrode in a flow battery,
he said. ut what we realized upon forming the company was that this semisolid electrode capability had a much better home--reinventing how lithium-ion batteries are made.
He referring to the inactive material that layered between the super-thin electrodes that allow today lithium-ion batteries to charge
and discharge quickly. aving a thin electrode means that the distance the lithium ion has to travel is short--and in the beginning,
he said. ut our semisolid electrode design allows you to get around this problem, and to create a battery that has much thicker electrodes,
and thus much less inactive materials. p until now, it has not been possible to create electrodes that are this thick
and still allow the lithium to be transported fast enoughto provide fast charge-discharge characteristics, he said. 24m seeks to solve that problem through combination of the physical arrangement of the charge material within these electrodes,
and the material we actually use, he said. he key technical concept is reducing something called tortuosity,
like the semisolid materials that 24m forms into anodes and cathodes. hat we do is provide more line of sight paths for the lithium ions to get out of the electrode,
but it also permeates both of the electrodes. It infused into both the cathode and the anode.
and then layers liquid nk or painton it to form its electrodes, he said. That coated metal foil then has to be dried in a series of ovens,
including the use of solvents that have to be recovered for reuse on the next round of products. e bypass all that by starting with a wet electrode that has need everything you in it,
At the same time, hese electrodes do not have any exotic costly components in them, he said. verything they use is already in the lithium-ion supply chain.
That in contrast to 24m process, in which hat goes into the electrodes is just
much simpler than the processes used to make lithium-ion batteries today. he formulation process for making these electrodes is spent exacting,
They attached small strips of graphene to metal electrodes, suspended the strips above the substrate,
or the metal electrodes is due to another interesting property: as it heats up, graphene becomes a much poorer conductor of heat.
Brain waves associated with speech processes can be recorded directly with electrodes located on the surface of the cortex.
An electrode array was placed on the surface of the cerebral cortex (electrocorticography (ECOG)) for their neurological treatment.
which the buckled nanotube sheaths serve as electrodes and the thin rubber layer is a dielectric, resulting in a fiber capacitor.
An electrode was attached to the ends of each graphene strip. Just like tungsten, run a current through graphene
"It's also the reason the electrodes at either end of the graphene don't melt.
In the process, the electrodes are suspensions of small particles carried by a liquid and pumped through different compartments of the battery.
"We realized that a better way to make use of this flowable electrode technology was to reinvent the lithium ion manufacturing process".
"In the new method, the electrode material remained in a liquid state. Having the electrode in the form of tiny suspended particles reduces the path length for charged particles as they move through the material, a property known as tortuosity.
Less tortuous path simplifies production and proves cost effective. The new system leads to the production of battery that is more flexible and resilient.
each having 96 electrodes, each of which sample one neuron, were implanted in the posterior parietal cortex. The researchers created software that processed
sending signals to the intraoral device that has an array of electrodes on the surface.
They have shown that single-molecules attached to metal electrodes (single-molecule junctions) can be made to act as a variety of circuit elements
and used gold metal electrodes of different sizes to contact the molecule. Their results achieved rectification ratios as high as 250: 50 times higher than earlier designs.
including those that are made with graphene electrodes.""It's amazing to be able to design a molecular circuit,
or fuel cell electrodes, which catalyze reactions at their surfaces. Nanofibers can also yield materials that are permeable only at very small scales, like water filters,
however, and the number of nozzles per unit area is limited by the size of the pump hydraulics. The other approach is to apply a voltage between a rotating drum covered by metal cones and a collector electrode.
where it emitted toward the electrode as a fiber. That approach is erratic however, and produces fibers of uneven lengths;
When an electrode is mounted opposite the sawteeth and a voltage applied between them, the water-ethanol mixture streams upward, dragging chains of polymer with it.
The water and ethanol quickly dissolve, leaving a tangle of polymer filaments opposite each emitter, on the electrode.
or fuel cell electrodes, which catalyze reactions at their surfaces. Nanofibers can also yield materials that are permeable only at very small scales, like water filters,
however, and the number of nozzles per unit area is limited by the size of the pump hydraulics. The other approach is to apply a voltage between a rotating drum covered by metal cones and a collector electrode.
where it emitted toward the electrode as a fiber. That approach is erratic however, and produces fibers of uneven lengths;
When an electrode is mounted opposite the sawteeth and a voltage applied between them, the water-ethanol mixture streams upward, dragging chains of polymer with it.
The water and ethanol quickly dissolve, leaving a tangle of polymer filaments opposite each emitter, on the electrode.
They attached small strips of graphene to metal electrodes, suspended the strips above the substrate,
or the metal electrodes is due to another interesting property: as it heats up, graphene becomes a much poorer conductor of heat.
Here, the plasma is generated by flowing room air past an electrode supplied with 20 W of RF power at 200 mtorr.
Another possibility would be to grow large sheets of graphene that can be used as a transparent conducting electrode for solar cells and display panels."
New cheap and efficient electrode for splitting water March 18th, 2015graphene Graphene'gateway'discovery opens possibilities for improved energy technologies March 18th,
New cheap and efficient electrode for splitting water March 18th, 2015announcements 30 years after C60: Fullerene chemistry with silicon:
New cheap and efficient electrode for splitting water March 18th, 2015interviews/Book reviews/Essays/Reports/Podcasts/Journals/White papers 30 years after C60:
New cheap and efficient electrode for splitting water March 18th, 2015energy Graphene'gateway'discovery opens possibilities for improved energy technologies March 18th, 2015clean energy future:
New cheap and efficient electrode for splitting water March 18th, 2015imperfect graphene opens door to better fuel cells:
New cheap and efficient electrode for splitting water March 18th, 2015a new method for making perovskite solar cells March 16th, 2015uc research partnership explores how to best harness solar power March 2nd,
New cheap and efficient electrode for splitting water March 18th, 2015govt. -Legislation/Regulation/Funding/Policy Los alamos Offers New Insights Into Radiation Damage Evolution:
2015eeja and Tokyo U Achieve Simultaneous Formation of Contact Electrodes for P-type and N-type Organic semiconductor Crystals Using the Plating Method March 15th, 2015advantest to Exhibit at SEMICON China in Shanghai, China, March 17-19:
New cheap and efficient electrode for splitting water March 18th, 2015materials/Metamaterials Drexel Univ. materials research could unlock potential of lithium-sulfur batteries March 17th, 2015four Scientists
New cheap and efficient electrode for splitting water March 18th, 2015interviews/Book reviews/Essays/Reports/Podcasts/Journals/White papers 30 years after C60:
New cheap and efficient electrode for splitting water March 18th, 2015military Data structures influence speed of quantum search in unexpected ways:
"Cells as capacitors and resistorsthe researchers printed an array of dozens of electrodes onto a thin, flexible film.
They discharged a very small current between the electrodes to create a spatial map of the underlying tissue based upon the flow of electricity at different frequencies, a technique called impedance spectroscopy.
New cheap and efficient electrode for splitting water March 18th, 2015govt. -Legislation/Regulation/Funding/Policy Los alamos Offers New Insights Into Radiation Damage Evolution:
New cheap and efficient electrode for splitting water March 18th, 2015imperfect graphene opens door to better fuel cells:
New cheap and efficient electrode for splitting water March 18th, 2015imperfect graphene opens door to better fuel cells:
New cheap and efficient electrode for splitting water March 18th, 2015imperfect graphene opens door to better fuel cells:
which the role of the substrate is played by an appropriately prepared carbon electrode.""We have managed to adjust the conditions of the whole process
so that the suspension of gold nanoparticles in the solution surrounding the electrode remains stable while maintaining an appropriate concentration of copper two ions and supporting electrolyte.
stable substrates for a variety of chemical sensors and electrodes employed in flow systems.#####About Institute of Physical chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciencesthe Institute of Physical chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences was established in 1955 as one of the first chemical institutes of the PAS.
This structure is key to their potential for being used as electrode materials for lithium-sulfur batteries.
#EEJA and Tokyo U Achieve Simultaneous Formation of Contact Electrodes for P-type and N-type Organic semiconductor Crystals Using the Plating Method Tanaka Holdings, Co.,Ltd.
together with Professor Junichi Takeya of the University of Tokyo's Graduate school of Frontier Sciences, has achieved the world's first success in the development of technology for the simultaneous formation of contact electrodes for p-type and n-type*1
this technology enables the formation in the atmosphere of top contact-type OFET (figure 1)* 2 contact electrodes without the use of a vacuum environment,
Also, due to the emergence of high-performance n-type semiconductor materials in recent years, more advanced organic electronic devices can now be formed at a low-cost thanks to the simultaneous formation of contact electrodes for p-type and n-type
the contact resistance of the contact electrodes using this technology is 0. 1kiloohm-cm or less,
which is the lowest value currently on record in terms of the contact resistance of organic semiconductor contact electrodes formed in the atmosphere.
The atmospheric formation of a high-performance OFET (Figure 2) with low-contact resistance electrodes and high-mobility that are among the top levels in the world is achieved by combining the merits of this technology with those of high-performance
and it enables the production of high functionality electronic devices using printed electronics*4. This technology is a process for the formation of contact electrodes with a gold-silver hybrid structure,
This enables the single-process formation of low-contact resistance contact electrodes for p-type organic semiconductors
While there are several methods for the formation of OFET contact electrodes they all suffer from such issues as requiring a vacuum environment
For example, thin film electrodes can be formed uniformly using the vacuum deposition method, but the equipment used to create a vacuum environment is incredibly expensive,
Also, while electrode formation in the atmosphere is possible using metallic ink and metallic paste,
in September 2014, EEJA together with Professor Takeya's research group jointly developed plating-process contact electrode formation technology for p-type organic semiconductors.
In order to stably form electrodes for organic semiconductor crystals, EEJA developed new gold nanoparticles as an electroless plating catalyst.
The contact resistance of the contact electrodes formed using this technology is 0. 7kiloohm-cm,
which is a remarkably low contact resistance for atmospheric formation contact electrodes. Also, Professor Takeya's research group developed a coating-type organic semiconductor that could be formed in a short time in the atmosphere with a large-surface thin film with uniform crystal orientation
*2 Top contact-type OFET This is an organic transistor where the contact electrodes are located on the semiconductor crystal.
However, because the electrodes are formed after forming the organic semiconductor crystal, the organic semiconductor is damaged easily, and contact electrodes are difficult to form.*
*3 Mobility This signifies the ease of movement for the charge within the semiconductor. Electronic devices that carry out complex processes require a higher mobility.
Snapshots of the retarded interaction of charge carriers with ultrafast fluctuations in cuprates News and information High performance, lightweight supercapacitor electrodes of the future March 10th, 2015advantest to Exhibit at SEMICON China
Understanding why a material's behavior changes as it gets smaller March 10th, 2015announcements High performance, lightweight supercapacitor electrodes of the future March 10th, 2015advantest to Exhibit at SEMICON China in Shanghai, China, March 17-19:
2015the chameleon reorganizes its nanocrystals to change colors March 10th, 2015high performance, lightweight supercapacitor electrodes of the future March 10th,
which could act as a more effective cathode--a fundamental electrode component of fuel cells from which positive current flows through an external circuit delivering electric power."
News and information High performance, lightweight supercapacitor electrodes of the future March 10th, 2015advantest to Exhibit at SEMICON China in Shanghai, China, March 17-19:
Understanding why a material's behavior changes as it gets smaller March 10th, 2015announcements High performance, lightweight supercapacitor electrodes of the future March 10th, 2015advantest to Exhibit at SEMICON China in Shanghai, China, March 17-19:
2015the chameleon reorganizes its nanocrystals to change colors March 10th, 2015high performance, lightweight supercapacitor electrodes of the future March 10th,
#High performance, lightweight supercapacitor electrodes of the future Abstract: Researchers have developed a novel electrode to make low-cost, lightweight supercapacitors with superior performance,
a development that could mean faster charging time and longer battery life in electric vehicles and portable electronics.
Now two researchers from the S n. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, India, have developed a novel supercapacitor electrode based on a hybrid nanostructure made from a hybrid nickel oxide-iron oxide
from AIP Publishing, the researchers report the fabrication technique of the hybrid nanostructure electrode. They also demonstrate its superior performance compared to existing, non-hybrid supercapacitor electrodes.
Since nickel oxide and iron oxide are environmental friendly and cheap materials that are widely available in nature,
the novel electrode promises green and low-cost supercapacitors in future.""This hybrid electrode shows the superior electrochemical performance in terms of high capacitance the ability to store electrical charge of nearly 1415 farad per gram, high current density of 2. 5 ampere per gram,
low resistance and high power density,"said Ashutosh K. Singh, the primary researcher at the Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Material Sciences at the S n. Bose National Centre
the electrode could retain nearly 95 percent of initial capacitance after cycling or charging and discharging 3, 000 times."
How Scientists Built the New Electrode Inspired by previous research on improving conductivity via doping different metal oxide materials, Singh and Kalyan Mandal, another researcher and a professor at the S n. Bose
National Centre for Basic Sciences, mixed nickel oxide and iron oxide as a hybrid material and fabricated the novel core/shell nanostructure electrode."
"By changing the materials and morphologies of the electrode, one can manipulate the performance and quality of the supercapacitors,
and transporting ions through another material at the interface between electrode and electrolyte. Larger redox reaction surfaces are essential for achieving a higher power density for supercapacitors."
and electrochemical properties of the electrode, realizing high-performance supercapacitors,"Singh noted. How the New Electrode Performed Using techniques called cyclic voltammetry
and galvanostatic charge/discharge methods, Singh and Mandal studied the electrochemical properties of the hybrid material electrode.
Comparing with the counterpart, non-hybrid electrodes like nickel/nickel oxide and iron/iron oxide core/shell nanostructure electrodes, the hybrid material electrode demonstrated higher capacitance,
higher energy density and higher charging/discharging time.""For example, the current density of the hybrid electrode is three and 24 times higher than that of nickel/nickel oxide and iron/iron oxide electrodes, respectively,
"Singh said.""The comparative results show remarkable enrichment in the electrochemical activities of nickel/nickel oxide
and iron/iron oxide electrodes after combining them together, which suggests the hybrid electrode's better supercapacitive properties."
"One feature of Singh's fabrication technique is that it doesn't require extra binder materials.
According to Singh, binding materials are used commonly in the fabrication of carbon or graphene based supercapacitors for attaching redox active material on the current collector.
Without the mass of binding materials, the hybrid electrode is a good candidate to make lightweight supercapacitors."
and green supercapacitor electrodes for real life application, "Singh said. The researchers'next plan is to develop a whole supercapacitor device based on the hybrid electrode and test its functional performance,
a step closer to manufacturing production n
#Nanotechnology Helps Increasing Rate of Digital data Processing, Storage Iranian researchers proposed a new method based on nanotechnology to increase the rate of digital data processing and storage.
They have shown that single-molecules attached to metal electrodes (single-molecule junctions) can be made to act as a variety of circuit elements
and used gold metal electrodes of different sizes to contact the molecule. Their results achieved rectification ratios as high as 250: 50 times higher than earlier designs.
including those that are made with graphene electrodes.""It's amazing to be able to design a molecular circuit,
where the light enters through a transparent negative electrode, in our case made of zinc oxide,
"Three-dimensional, porous materials have been regarded as an obstacle to building electrodes. But we have proven that this is not a problem.
Electrode design affects buckling profilethe researchers also found that the arrangement of the electrodes affects the buckling profile of the ceramic membrane
This sensor can measure muscle activity by detecting muscle electrical potentials over an area of 4x4 square centimeters with nine electrodes placed 2 centimeters apart in a 3x3 grid."
In this research, printing graphite electrode modified with silica and gold nanoparticles was used as an appropriate bed for the production of biosensors to detect four-strand structure of DNA
and an electrical gate electrode to modulate the current flow through the channel. In atomic-scale transistors, this current is extremely sensitive to single electrons hopping via discrete energy levels.
similar to the working principle of a quantum dot gated by an external electrode. In our case, the charged atoms nearby provide the electrostatic gate potential that regulates the electron flow
As a potential contact electrode and interconnection material, wafer-scale graphene could be an essential component in microelectronic circuits,
"In silicon microelectronics, graphene is a potential contact electrode and an interconnection material linking semiconductor devices to form the desired electrical circuits,
which the buckled nanotube sheaths serve as electrodes and the thin rubber layer is a dielectric, resulting in a fiber capacitor.
and Columbia University team"Using a single symmetric molecule, an ionic solution and two gold electrodes of dramatically different exposed surface areas,
"The asymmetry necessary for diode behavior originates with the different exposed electrode areas and the ionic solution,
"This leads to different electrostatic environments surrounding the two electrodes and superlative single-molecule device behavior."
A typical diode consists of a silicon p-n junction between a pair of electrodes (anode and cathode) that serves as the"valve"of an electrical circuit,
or through the use of symmetric molecules with different metals as the two electrodes. However, the resulting asymmetric junctions yielded low rectification ratios,
"The efficiency of the tunneling process depends intimately on the degree of alignment of the molecule's discrete energy levels with the electrode's continuous spectrum.
in nearly perfect alignment with the Fermi electron energy levels of the gold electrodes. Symmetry was broken by a substantial difference in the size of the area on each gold electrode that was exposed to the ionic solution.
Owing to the asymmetric electrode area, the ionic solution, and the junction energy level alignment, a positive voltage increases current substantially;
a negative voltage suppresses it equally significantly.""The ionic solution, combined with the asymmetry in electrode areas, allows us to control the junction's electrostatic environment simply by changing the bias polarity,
"Neaton says.""In addition to breaking symmetry, double layers formed by ionic solution also generate dipole differences at the two electrodes,
which is the underlying reason behind the asymmetric shift of molecular resonance. The Columbia group's experiments showed that with the same molecule and electrode setup,
a nonionic solution yields no rectification at all.""The Berkeley Lab-Columbia University team believes their new approach to a single-molecule diode provides a general route for tuning nonlinear nanoscale-device phenomena that could be applied to systems beyond single-molecule junctions
"This work emphasizes the importance of controlling the electrode-dielectric interface to maximize the performance of dielectric materials for energy storage application
and well-controlled fabrication of nanotubular electrodes to accommodate ion motion in and out and close contact between the thin nested tubes to ensure fast transport for both ions and electrons.
using atomic layer deposition to carefully control thickness and length of multilayer concentric nanotubes as electrodes at each end.
"Three-dimensional, porous materials have been regarded as an obstacle to building electrodes. But we have proven that this is not a problem.
For fuel cells, nanoparticles often are mixed with solvents to bind them to an electrode. To learn how such formulas affect particle properties,
They also printed vertical electrodes in a cavity as well as lines of copper. In effect, virtually any shape can be printed by smartly choosing the location of the drop impact.
the volume of the electrode expands dramatically. It can break down and reduce battery life and storage capacity.
Unlike conventional water splitters, the Stanford device uses a single low-cost catalyst to generate hydrogen bubbles on one electrode
A conventional water-splitting device consists of two electrodes submerged in a water-based electrolyte.
A low-voltage current applied to the electrodes drives a catalytic reaction that separates molecules of H2o, releasing bubbles of hydrogen on one electrode and oxygen on the other.
Each electrode is embedded with a different catalyst typically platinum and iridium, two rare and costly metals.
for both electrodes,'said graduate student Haotian Wang, lead author of the study.''This bifunctional catalyst can split water continuously for more than a week with a steady input of just 1. 5 volts of electricity.
'Marriage of batteries and catalysis To find catalytic material suitable for both electrodes, the Stanford team borrowed a technique used in battery research called lithium-induced electrochemical tuning.
while charging, different processes are at work in the two identical pieces of carbon pongewhich function as the electrodes in these devices, in contrast to earlier computer simulations.
At its most basic level, a battery is made of two metal electrodes (an anode and a cathode) with some sort of solution between them (electrolyte.
instead, positive and negative electrolyte ions simply tickto the surfaces of the electrodes when the supercapacitor is being charged.
we fill the carbon electrode with tiny holes, like a carbon sponge, said Griffin. ut it hard to know what the ions are doing inside the holes within the electrode we don know exactly what happens
when they interact with the surface. In the new study, the researchers used NMR to look inside functioning supercapacitor devices to see how they charge and store energy.
the two electrodes are different materials, so different processes are said at work Griffin. n a supercapacitor,
the two electrodes are made of the same porous carbon sponge, so you think the same process would take place at both
What the experiments showed is that the two electrodes behave differently. In the negative electrode, there is the expected tickingprocess
and the positive ions are attracted to the surface as the supercapacitor charges. But in the positive electrode, an ion xchangehappens,
as negative ions are attracted to the surface, while at the same time, positive ions are repelled away from the surface.
Additionally, the EQCM was used to detect tiny changes in the weight of the electrode as ions enter and leave.
This enabled the researchers to show that solvent molecules also accompany the ions into the electrode as it charges. e can now accurately count the number of ions involved in the charge storage process
said Griffin. n the future we can look at how changing the size of the holes in the electrode
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