"The researchers came up with a biochemical processing method that allows them to generate very large DNA molecules with many thousands of nucleotides.
Through genetic engineering, the scientists were able to remove genes integral to the synthesis of the LPS.
"says Dr. Roy Curtiss, one of the study's researchers and Professor of Microbiology at Arizona State university.
The research was published in the journal American Society for Microbiology y
#"Google maps for the Body"zooms in from whole organs down to individual cells The algorithms used for zooming in
Biological applications are also possible.""Such water-rich, soft actuators would also find applications as components of artificial internal organs
while exhibiting some very unique biological aspects. The way snakes move across surfaces is pretty incredible,
The results of this research were presented recently at the 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society in Milan
Replete with a range of biochemical"cues"designed to enhance and nurture nerve cell formation, these devices have been tested successfully in the bodies of living rats in a laboratory.
was funded by Cancer Research UK, the Wellcome Trust and the Biotechnology and Biological sciences Research Council h
However, genetics may hold the key to developing more effective treatments. My colleagues and I recently discovered that one specific gene may allow us to decode the function of all genes involved in the disease.
partly because of the complexity of the biology underlying thought processes and partly because studying a living brain is very difficult.
However, recent studies have begun to make some headway in understanding the biology of mental health conditions by looking at the gene mutations carried by people diagnosed with such problems.
Origins Of Genetic disease Gene mutations are present in all the cells in the body and can be examined by taking a blood sample.
But despite knowing about hundreds of mutations associated with schizophrenia, we are relatively in the dark about
Many different mutations can give rise to the same apparent condition. On the other hand, no single gene mutation necessarily gives rise to a discernible mental health problem.
One gene we do have some certainty about is known as isrupted in schizophrenia gene 1 (DISC1.
the probability of inheritance from a mutation carried by one parent alone is relatively low.
In contrast, DISC1 mutations are highly penetrant, meaning that carrying the mutation is highly likely to give rise to the characteristic problem.
This makes DISC1 a very useful experimental tool, because if a laboratory animal such as a mouse carries the mutation,
it is highly likely to exhibit the functional problem and to give rise to offspring with the same problem.
instead and we only need a single mutation rather than the several gene mutations that normally give rise to the condition.
DISC1 mutations have also been linked to autism and Asperger syndrome, suggesting that the developmental effects of DISC1 could also be important for understanding these mental health conditions.
The interaction between gene mutations and brain development may have made it difficult to understand how the long list of risk factors can cause problems in the adult brain.
A similar technique, called optogenetics, is currently in practice and uses light pulses to control neurons.
Sreekanth Chalasani of the Salk Institute for Biological Studies and lead author said, n contrast to light,
I think we have shot a better with noninvasive sonogenetics approaches than with optogenetics.""Chalasani told the Guardian,
using gene therapy and a therapeutic virus, it may be possible to make target human neurons temporarily susceptible to the ultrasound signal in a clinical setting for certain neurological treatments."
about the size of a few biological cells, the cloak reflected incoming red light differently at various locations, depending on how pronounced their features
These 3d-printed nerve pathways were embedded with biochemical cues to promote growth. The final 3d-printed product was implanted then into rats with severed nerves.
If confirmed, the research could one day allow infertile men to have their own biological children.
Startup biotechnology company Kallistem in Lyon, France, revealed the breakthrough earlier this year, but now have taken out a patent describing the technique, in tandem with The french National Centre for Scientific research (CNRS).
These are drawn from 79 biological, behavioural, environmental and occupational factors. The list is similar in the UK, with smoking, high blood pressure,
Of metabolic (biological), environmental, or behavioural (lifestyle) factors affecting health, it is lifestyle factors that carry the most weight.
and then around the end of life They also share both biological and environmental risks.
as long as they share a few genetic characteristics with known viruses. According to Kristine Wylie, assistant professor of pediatrics at the university Mcdonnell Genome Institute,
published in Genome Research, ne of the exciting things of using this high-throughput sequencing is the amount of data we are able to generate in a short amount of time.
Researchers can scan the virus genetic sequences and look for a match from conserved genes that have been gathered in public repositories such as the Viral Genome Project.
Virocap has the capacity to detect a vast array of viruses, from the big, bad scary ones such as Ebola or SARS, to the everyday rhinoviruses and noroviruses that cause colds and gastrointestinal flu.
researchers could also begin to look for drug-resistant mutations, and mutations in regions that would indicate
whether a vaccine would or would not be as effective. It may also help researchers understand why some people carry around viruses asymptomatically. e found on average that people carried about 5. 5 different viral genera that could cause disease in certain people,
Virocap can help to add previously unidentified VIRAL DNA to the database of known viruses. he more genome coverage we have,
#Human heart can now be printed 3d using biological materials All 3d printed innovations have something in common:
a graduate student in biomedical engineering at Carnegie mellon and lead author of the study, in a statement.
Biological materials are often soft and fragile in isolation, which proved a challenge for the scientists behind the study.
These soft materials were not mere plastic copies of biological material: collagens, muscle fibers, miniature brain structures,
and branching artery patterns made of biological matter have all been produced using the technique. Most impressively, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of human coronary arteries and 3d images of embryonic human hearts,
who have produced complex biological structures with an unprecedented degree of precision. The team next step is to inject heart cells into these 3d printed biological tissue structures
essentially filling in the printed caffoldingwith its biological oncrete This research has obvious implications for medical science.
Let just take one example: the heart. Human heart tissue has lost its ability to repair
This waiting list could be reduced significantly by using 3d bioprinting: this FRESH technique could produce pieces of bespoke heart tissue for each specific case of heart damage. 3d bioprinters aren new:
in this growing field of science, most of these printers cost over $100, 000 (roughly £65, 000) and require a specialist team of operators to use.
molecular biologist James Paulson at the Scripps Research Institute in the US told this publication. he authors exploit Siglec function by attaching sialic acids to nanoparticles that exploit the function of Siglecs and control inflammation,
But the discovery could help provide new understandings of the way that the biochemistry of the brain and body works, in the meantime e
Like biological evolution, the robots mother could look out for the best traits in her children,
according to the researchers. ne of the big questions in biology is how intelligence came about wee using robotics to explore this mystery,
said Iida. ut what we do have are a lot of enabling technologies that will help us import some aspects of biology to the engineering world. m
But the dawn of wearable technology has led to the creation of devices capable of building up workerspersonalised biological profiles,
Dr John Coates, a fellow in neuroscience and finance at the University of Cambridge who specialises in the biology of risk taking and stress, said he is now getting bout one call a weekfrom financial institutions,
when they are n the zoneas well as analysing the wearer current biological signals, the technology could also predict what their physical state might be days ahead of a crucial meeting.
That going to happen in the work world. roducts offering biological monitoring are already on the market.
music to create an environment that is constantly adapting to the mood or genus of human activity.
and can wrap around a three-dimensional object about the size of a few biological cells. he surface of the skin cloak was engineered meta to reroute reflected light waves
and increase interest in developing biologic drugs, Holroyd told Laboratory Equipment. hat is an area where there is limited competition even
when the drug if off patent because biosimilar pathways are still at an early stage.
The government is encouraging companies to invest in biologics, and they are even being given longer market exclusivity.
and traits seen across individuals reflects a complex dance between environment and biology. Understanding the precise nature of these causal influences will help lead to the design of better interventions to help move the brain and behavior toward the positive end of the spectrum i
Rice chemist Jeffrey Hartgerink, lead author Vivek Kumar and their colleagues reported their discovery in the American Chemical Society journal ACS Biomaterials Science and Engineering.
Those with mutations in polycystic kidney disease genes formed balloon-like, fluid-filled sacks, called cysts, from kidney tubules.
The organoids with mutations in podocalyxin, a gene linked to glomerulonephritis, lost connections between filtering cells. utation of a single gene results in changes kidney structures associated with human disease,
Genetically matched kidney organoids without disease-linked mutations showed no signs of either disease, Freedman says.
RISPR can be used to correct gene mutations, explained Freedman. ur findings suggest that gene correction using CRISPR may be a promising therapeutic strategy.
which includes microbiologist and Canada Research Chair Michael Gänzle and cereal scientist Thava Vasanthan, used subcritical fluid technology to extract phenolic compounds from the potato biomass.
but its side effects as well,"said Bernhard Palsson, the Galetti Professor of Bioengineering at the Jacobs School of engineering at UC San diego."
who did this research while a Ph d. student in Palsson's Systems Biology Research Group.
Researchers used data from different people's genotypes and metabolism to build personalized models that simulate how a drug will affect a particular set of cells in the body."
microbiologists and infectious disease specialists led by Eric A. Franzosa of Harvard's School of Public health and the Massachusetts institute of technology's Broad Institute.
For research that collects such biological samples, hiding the identities of donors may not be enough to keep investigators from inferring matches between"before"and"after,"
Advances in bioengineering had allowed scientists to understand the complex processes within the poppy plant that convert sugar to morphine,
Biochemical engineer Christina Smolke and colleagues had been working on the problem of synthesizing opioids and other plant-based medicines in the lab for about a decade.
They do incredible and beautiful biochemistry, "she said.""But they do it in a way that's inefficient.
of which are unknown and likely unrelated to optimized production in large-volume bioreactors, would need to be addressed for engineered yeast to ever realize home-brew biosynthesis of medicinal opiates at meaningful yields."
"Still, she said she agreed with scientists who've said they want to work together with regulators
he marveled at how quickly developments had been unfolding in bioengineering--for morphine synthesis and other applications that would require policymakers to sit down with scientists
"The pace of biological engineering is faster than what was expected,"he said.""Why are things moving so fast,
In the lab of V. Reggie Edgerton, professor of integrative biology and physiology, neurobiology and neurosurgery, Pollock had attached electrical patches to the skin over his spinal cord.
and Biology Society, is UCLA research scientist Parag Gad. Lead coauthors were Yury Gerasimenko, director of the laboratory of movement physiology at Russia Pavlov Institute and a researcher in UCLA's department of integrative biology and physiology;
and Dr. Daniel Lu, associate professor of neurosurgery at UCLA David Geffen School of medicine. In a study published by the same team this summer in the Journal of Neurotrauma,
a postdoctoral fellow at Colorado who conducts research on nutrition and vascular biology. Dow underscored that engaging in regular physical activity appears to have broader effects lowering"bad"cholesterol,
In Seattle, researchers at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research center and the company Presage Biosciences designed a device called CIVO that includes up to eight needles arranged in an array.
a professor of bioengineering and chemical engineering at MIT who is one of the senior authors on the report.
"The Seattle researchers'work was funded by the National institutes of health and Presage Biosciences, and the MIT researchers'work was funded by the National Cancer Institute and Massachusetts-based biotech company Kibur Medical.
Follow Live Science@livescience, Facebook & Google+.+Original article on Live Science e
#Nepal Earthquake: Health Threats Loom Over Survivors The aftermath of the Nepal earthquake brings a risk of disease outbreaks including measles and diarrheal diseases among the survivors,
The researchers said that 4d biomaterials could one day help not only patients with respiratory ailments,
The researchers are now pursuing a clinical trial for the 4d biomaterials for patients with less severe forms of tracheobronchomalacia."
by using a compound that biologists have used to track other molecules. Prions are a distinct type of protein they can self-replicate,
Peter Nilsson, a chemical biologist at Linköping University in Sweden, was experimenting with conductive plastics,
"said study researcher Bruce M. Spiegelman, a professor of cell biology and medicine at Harvard Medical school.
Alisa Blazek, a graduate student at The Ohio State university's Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental biology, agreed."
is autograft. This is basically a euphemism for cutting a piece of bone out of one part of the body
Autograft is the sort of procedure that needs a euphemism. Though it is surgeons'current best option,
autografts are an even worse option; there's often quite simply not enough bone to go around.
called a bioreactor, which simulates conditions found inside the Body temperature, humidity, acidity and nutrient composition all need to be just right for the stem cells to transform into bone-growing cells called osteoblasts,
Epibone's work builds on the discovery from developmental biology that stem cells can transform into any part of the body.
and injected that material into mice that had been engineered genetically to have a mutation in the alpha-synuclein gene.
'Supercoiled'DNA Twists into Crazy Shapes DNA doesn't just coil in the iconic double helix immortalized in every high school biology textbook.
Building blocks of life After molecular biologists James Watson and Francis Crick first published a paper on the structure of DNA in 1953, the double helix became the iconic symbol of the code of life.
they were looking at a tiny part of a real genome, only about one turn of the double helix.
and all 3. 3 feet (1 meter) of this genetic information must fit into the nucleus of a cell,
a biochemist at the Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, said in a statement. To make sure that this supercoiled DNA actually shows up in the body,
and to understand how these loops of genetic code act in real-time, the team created computer simulations that revealed the supercoiled loops wriggling over time.
#Nanoparticles Penetrate Mucus Barrier to Bring Gene therapy to Lung Parenchyma A collaboration between researchers at Johns hopkins university
and other conditions affecting the lungs by offering the ability for gene therapy to be delivered directly into pulmonary tissue through inhalation.
#Optogenetics With Closed-Loop Control for Complex Brain Experiments Wee excited about optogenetics, the new technology that allows scientists to selectively control the firing of genetically modified neurons within living animalsbrains.
The so-called ptoclamptechnique involves continuous monitoring of the electrical activity of the neuronal cells excited via optogenetics
By measuring the level of genetic mutations in the ctdna, the test can predict the nature of metastatic disease
and can inform doctors about the potential treatments that could be targeted to address the genetic mutations.
Dr. Elizabeth Tyler-Kabara, an associate professor of neurological surgery and bioengineering at the University of Pittsburgh, who was not involved with the study,
Manalis, the Andrew and Erna Viterbi Professor in MIT departments of Biological engineering and Mechanical engineering, and a member of MIT Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, is the paper senior author.
and bioengineering at Caltech, who is pioneering the development of inertial imaging but was not part of this study. heir application of our approach for simultaneous monitoring position
The research jointly lead by Professor Christoph Hagemeyer, Head of the Vascular Biotechnology Laboratory at Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute and Professor Frank Caruso,
an ARC Australian Laureate Fellow in the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering at the University of Melbourne, was published today in the leading journal Advanced Materials.
an associate professor of chemical and biomolecular engineering at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore, who was involved not in this work. o me,
such as sensors that detect specific chemical and biological species and photonic devices that manipulate light.
#Major innovation in molecular imaging delivers spatial and spectral info simultaneously Using physical chemistry methods to look at biology at the nanoscale,
and each subcellular structure was a distinct color. o using this method we can look at interactions between four biological components inside a cell in three-dimension and at very high resolution of about 10 nanometers,
Xu said. he applications are mostly in fundamental research and cell biology at this point, but hopefully it will lead to medical applications.
ur research into these bio-inspired sensors demonstrates the huge value in applying the scientific learnings from the biological world to develop technologies for real world applications. d
that was wrapped around a three-dimensional object about the size of a few biological cells and arbitrarily shaped with multiple bumps and dents.
One of the most critical biological and medical tools available today, it lies at the core of genome analysis. Reading the exact make-up of genes,
scientists can detect mutations, or even identify different organisms. A powerful DNA sequencing method uses tiny
These are called ucleotidesand are strung together in various combinations that contain the cell genetic information, such as genes.
Slowing things down The lab of Aleksandra Radenovic at EPFL Institute of Bioengineering has now overcome the problem of speed by using a thick,
#New graphene oxide biosensors may accelerate research of HIV and cancer drugs Longing to find a cure for cancer, HIV and other yet incurable diseases,
Researchers from the Laboratory of Nanooptics and Plasmonics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology-MIPT (Russia) have devised a novel type of graphene oxide (GO) based biosensor that could potentially significantly speed up the process of drug development.
New GO based biosensor chips exploit the phenomenon of surface plasmon resonance (SPR. Surface plasmons are electromagnetic waves propagating along a metal-dielectric interface (e g.,
These sensors can detect biomolecule adsorption even at a few trillionth of a gram per millimeter square.
Owing to the above-mentioned merits, SPR biosensing is an outstanding platform to boost technological progress in the areas of medicine and biotechnology.
PR biosensing is a valuable tool to investigate a wide range of biochemical reactions estimate their chemical kinetics and other characteristics.
Higher binding capacity for biomolecules increases the signal levels and accuracy of analysis. The last several years
and interaction with a wide range of biomolecules. Stebunov and the team from the Laboratory of Nanooptics and Plasmonics at MIPT created
Thereafter a layer of streptavidin protein was developed on GO FOR selective immobilization of biomolecules. Scientists conducted a series of experiments with the GO chip
which is as close as biology has given us to a naturally magnetic protein nanoparticle, is really not that magnetic.
an MIT professor of biological engineering and the paper senior author. e used the tools of protein engineering to try to boost the magnetic characteristics of this protein.
"This memristor-based technology relies on a completely different way inspired by biological brain to carry on computation."
Measurement of a single nuclear spin in biological samples May 11th, 2015graphene holds key to unlocking creation of wearable electronic devices May 11th, 2015new Method to Produce Dual Zinc oxide Nanorings May 11th
Measurement of a single nuclear spin in biological samples May 11th, 2015graphene holds key to unlocking creation of wearable electronic devices May 11th, 2015new Method to Produce Dual Zinc oxide Nanorings May 11th
Measurement of a single nuclear spin in biological samples May 11th, 2015graphene holds key to unlocking creation of wearable electronic devices May 11th, 2015new Method to Produce Dual Zinc oxide Nanorings May 11th
Measurement of a single nuclear spin in biological samples May 11th, 2015graphene holds key to unlocking creation of wearable electronic devices May 11th, 2015new Method to Produce Dual Zinc oxide Nanorings May 11th
Measurement of a single nuclear spin in biological samples May 11th, 2015graphene holds key to unlocking creation of wearable electronic devices May 11th,
Precise targeting biological molecules, such as cancer cells, for treatment is a challenge, due to their sheer size.
"said Orlin Velev, INVISTA Professor of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering at NC State and the corresponding author of the paper."
research assistant professor of chemical and biomolecular engineering at NC State and first author of the paper.
#New ORNL hybrid microscope offers unparalleled capabilities A microscope being developed at the Department of energy's Oak ridge National Laboratory will allow scientists studying biological and synthetic materials to simultaneously observe chemical and physical properties on and beneath the surface.
"It allows researchers to study the surface and subsurface of synthetic and biological samples, which is a capability that until now didn't exist."
and nanostructures to naturally occurring biological polymers, tissues and plant cells. The first application as part of DOE's Bioenergy Science Center was in the examination of plant cell walls under several treatments to provide submicron characterization.
The plant cell wall is layered a nanostructure of biopolymers such as cellulose. Scientists want to convert such biopolymers to free the useful sugars and release energy An earlier instrument,
also invented at ORNL, provided imaging of poplar cell wall structures that yielded unprecedented topological information, advancing fundamental research in sustainable biofuels.
It enables unaltered optical measurements of extremely small, dynamic changes in biological, chemical or physical processes.
such as sensors that detect specific chemical and biological species and photonic devices that manipulate light.
Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine, and after further research may offer a novel mechanism to address this aggressive and often fatal cancer that kills 14,000 women in the United states each year.
In addition, a gene therapy is administered that lowers the cellular defense against reactive oxygen species. Both the phthalocyanine
During the procedures, mice receiving the gene therapy also continued to grow and gain weight, indicating a lack of side effects."
This involves a biosensor system that can measure heartbeat, hydration levels, sweat, temperature and other vital signs through miniature circuitry.
Using physical chemistry methods to look at biology at the nanoscale, a Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) researcher has invented a new technology to image single molecules with unprecedented spectral and spatial resolution,
"So using this method we can look at interactions between four biological components inside a cell in three-dimension and at very high resolution of about 10 nanometers,
"The applications are mostly in fundamental research and cell biology at this point, but hopefully it will lead to medical applications.
"said Shu Chien, a professor of bioengineering and medicine, director of the Institute of Engineering in Medicine at UC San diego,
"This work is supported by the National institutes of health and partially by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense.
The collaborative effort also includes Kang Zhang, a professor of ophthalmology and chief of Ophthalmic Genetics at UC San diego and a corresponding author on this study y
Biologists can zoom in on the organelles that make up a cell. Eventually he said, the researchers might be able to cut down on the exposure times even more
One of the most critical biological and medical tools available today, it lies at the core of genome analysis. Reading the exact make-up of genes,
scientists can detect mutations, or even identify different organisms. A powerful DNA sequencing method uses tiny
"and are strung together in various combinations that contain the cell's genetic information, such as genes. Essentially
Slowing things down The lab of Aleksandra Radenovic at EPFL's Institute of Bioengineering has now overcome the problem of speed by using a thick,
Therefore, Iranian researchers studied a type of composite nanocoating to obtain modified properties of biomaterials to be used in human body.
and the biotechnology company Illumina have created an innovative tool to directly detect the delicate, single-molecule interactions between DNA and enzymatic proteins.
As they report Sept. 28 in Nature Biotechnology, this tool should provide fast and reliable characterization of the different mechanisms cellular proteins use to bind to DNA strands--information that could shed new light on the atomic-scale interactions within our cells
"In their approach, Gundlach and his team measure an electrical current through a biological pore called Mspa,
Biologists have recognized long that proteins have different structures to perform these roles, but the physical motion of proteins as they work on DNA has been difficult to detect directly."
These fine details may also help scientists understand how mutations in proteins can lead to disease
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