#New frontiers in 3d printing Three dimensional printing is revolutionizing the production of new devices and structures, including soft robots,
. who is the Judah Folkman Professor of Vascular Biology at Harvard Medical school and Boston Children's Hospital as well as Professor of Bioengineering AT SEAS."
Biologists can zoom in on the organelles that make up a cell. Eventually he said, the researchers might be able to cut down on the exposure times even more
#New graphene oxide biosensors may accelerate research of HIV and cancer drugs Longing to find a cure for cancer, HIV and other yet incurable diseases,
Researchers from the Laboratory of Nanooptics and Plasmonics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology-MIPT (Russia) have devised a novel type of graphene oxide (GO) based biosensor that could potentially significantly speed up the process of drug development.
New GO based biosensor chips exploit the phenomenon of surface plasmon resonance (SPR. This is a photo of the state-of-art biosensor.
Photo: Victor Anaskin) Surface plasmons are electromagnetic waves propagating along a metal-dielectric interface (e g.,, gold/air) and having the amplitudes exponentially decaying in the neighbor media.
These sensors can detect biomolecule adsorption even at a few trillionth of a gram per millimeter square.
Owing to the above-mentioned merits, SPR biosensing is an outstanding platform to boost technological progress in the areas of medicine and biotechnology.
"SPR biosensing is a valuable tool to investigate a wide range of biochemical reactions, estimate their chemical kinetics and other characteristics.
Higher binding capacity for biomolecules increases the signal levels and accuracy of analysis. The last several years
and interaction with a wide range of biomolecules. Stebunov and the team from the Laboratory of Nanooptics and Plasmonics at MIPT created
Thereafter a layer of streptavidin protein was developed on GO FOR selective immobilization of biomolecules. Scientists conducted a series of experiments with the GO chip
#3d-printed scaffolds could enable the release biomolecules into the body with exceptional control (w/video) Tissue development is guided by gradients of biomolecules that direct the growth, migration,
Now, researchers are one step closer to this goal thanks to the creation of new 3d-printed scaffolds that enable researchers to release biomolecules into the body with exceptional control.
this time filled with blue food dye to represent a different type of biomolecule. The layering pattern continues until the gel achieves a predetermined height.
when different types of biomolecules are released from the gel by varying the shell coatings of the capsules
They can also be filled with a wide variety of biomolecules. ne can imagine filling the capsules with molecules such as medications
a team of researchers led by Professor Lim Chwee Teck from NUS Department of Biomedical engineering achieves a significant technological breakthrough by adopting a liquid-based pressure sensing method in the design of such sensors.
Now, researchers report in Biomacromolecules("Biodegradable ph-Sensitive Poly (ethylene glycol) Nanocarriers for Allergen Encapsulation and Controlled Release")the development of a potentially better allergy shot that uses nanocarriers to address these unwanted issues.
professor of biomedical engineering and Frank C. Doble professor at Tufts School of engineering and also holds an appointment in physics in the School of arts and Sciences.
The current gold standard for Ebola virus detection relies on a method called polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify the virus's genetic material for detection.
nontarget biomolecules are washed off, and the bound targets are released then by heating, labeled with fluorescent markers,
and the biotechnology company Illumina have created an innovative tool to directly detect the delicate, single-molecule interactions between DNA and enzymatic proteins.
As they report Sept. 28 in Nature Biotechnology("Subangstrom single-molecule measurements of motor proteins using a nanopore),
"In their approach, Gundlach and his team measure an electrical current through a biological pore called Mspa,
Biologists have recognized long that proteins have different structures to perform these roles, but the physical motion of proteins as they work on DNA has been difficult to detect directly."
These fine details may also help scientists understand how mutations in proteins can lead to disease
the Goizueta Foundation Professor of Biomedical engineering. anoparticles are large enough to keep from going through the skin surface,
#Brightness-equalized quantum dots improve biological imaging Researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have introduced a new class of light-emitting quantum dots (QDS) with tunable and equalized fluorescence brightness
an assistant professor of bioengineering at Illinois."Previously light emission had an unknown correspondence with molecule number.
and tunable number of photons per tagged biomolecule. They are expected also to be used for precise color matching in light-emitting devices and displays,
allow quantitative multicolor imaging in biological tissue, and improve color tuning in light-emitting devices.
nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and simulation and is the result of an international cooperation involving researchers from the Institute of Structural biology (ISB, CEA/CNRS/Joseph Fourier University) in Grenoble, France, Purdue University, USA,
Structural Biochemistry) at Forschungszentrum Jülich in Germany. The results were published in Nature Communications. X-ray crystallography is the most prolific method for determining protein structures.
and flatter than any biological structure. The Berkeley Lab scientists say this never-before-seen design rule could be used to piece together complex nanosheet structures and other peptoid assemblies such as nanotubes and crystalline solids.
the atomic-resolution structure of peptoid nanosheets. his research suggests new ways to design biomimetic structures,
and Ron Zuckermann, who directs the Molecular Foundry Biological Nanostructures Facility. They used the high-performance computing resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC),
they were surprised to see a design rule not found in the field of protein structural biology.
and extended into large sheets that are flatter than anything nature can produce. t was a big surprise to find the design rule that makes peptoid nanosheets possible has eluded the field of biology until now,
which could lead to even more biomimetic nanostructures. n
#Analyzing protein structures in their native environment Proteins can fold in different ways depending on their environment.
isolated from their usual environment. ynamic nuclear polarization has a capacity to transform our understanding of biological structures in their native contexts,
says Susan Lindquist, a professor of biology at MIT, member of the Whitehead Institute, and one of the senior authors of the paper, which appears in the Oct 8 issue of Cell("Sensitivity-Enhanced NMR Reveals Alterations in Protein Structure by Cellular Milieus").
when youe thinking about its biology. To make sure they are getting data only on the protein of interest,
Alexander Rohrbach conducts research at the Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK) and is an associate member of the Cluster of Excellence BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies of the University of Freiburg g
Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine. While current HIV treatments involve pills that are taken daily, the new regimenslong-lasting effects suggest that HIV treatment could be administered perhaps once or twice per year.
biological fluids containing bacteria and blood. Not only did the material repel all the liquid and show anti-biofouling behavior but the tungsten oxide actually made the steel stronger than steel without the coating.
Another avenue for application is functional 3d printing and microarray devices, especially in printing highly viscous and sticky biological and polymeric materials where friction and contamination are major obstacles.
U s. Navy spends tens of millions of dollars each year dealing with the ramifications of biofouling on hulls.
and modelling complex biological molecules s
#Buildings producing their own energy prepared for tomorrow's cities An innovative façade, able to turn solar energy into heat for residentsuse,
"said Ellington, professor in the Department of Molecular Biosciences and member of the UT Center for Systems and Synthetic biology."
The images and implications are described in a paper published online by the journal Nature Structural & Molecular biology("The architecture of a eukaryotic replisome"."
an essential function for every living cell,"said Huilin Li, a biologist with a joint appointment at Brookhaven Lab and Stony Brook University."
and separates the two strands of the DNA double helix as it passes through a central pore in the structureand how the helicase coordinates with the two'polymerase'enzymes that duplicate each strand to copy the genome."
when DNA is miscopieda major source of mutation that can lead to canceror learn more about how a single cell can eventually develop into the many cell types that make up a multicellular organism.
and work are based on biochemical and genetic studies, "Li said, likening the situation to the famous parable of the three blind men trying to describe an elephant,
and C bases of the genetic code) to the side-by-side split ends as they move out of the helicase to form two new complete double helix DNA strands.
O'Donnell's group had published previously biochemical results related to this work.""DNA replication is one of the most fundamental processes of life,
so it is every biochemist's dream to see what a replisome looks like, "Sun said."
The scientists are conducting additional studies to explore the biological significance of this unexpected location.
This architecture could also potentially play an important role in developmental biology by providing a pathway for treating the two daughter strands differently.
while he was a professor in UD's Department of chemistry and Biochemistry, and Darrin Pochan, professor and chair of UD's Department of Materials science and engineering.
a team of bioengineers at Rice university and surgeons at the University of Pennsylvania have created an implant with an intricate network of blood vessels that points toward a future of growing replacement tissues and organs for transplantation.
The new study was performed by a research team led by Jordan Miller, assistant professor of bioengineering at Rice,
Bioengineering graduate student Samantha Paulsen and research technician Anderson Ta worked together to develop a proof-of-concept construct--a small silicone gel about the size of a small candy gummy bear--using 3-D printing.
Professor Peter Waterhouse, a plant geneticist at QUT, discovered the gene in the ancient Australian native tobacco plant Nicotiana benthamiana, known as Pitjuri to indigenous Aboriginals tribes.
which for decades has been used by geneticists as a model plant upon which to test viruses and vaccines."
"By sequencing its genome and looking through historical records we have been able to determine that the original plant came from the Granites area near the Western australia and Northern territory border,
"What we found may have a big impact on future plant biotechnology research, "Dr Bally said."
"Professor Waterhouse, a molecular geneticist with QUT's Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, said scientists could use this discovery to investigate other niche
Professor Waterhouse said the team's findings also have implications for future genetic research back here On earth."
to study the genomes of seven family members. Dr Bally and Professor Waterhouse have lodged a patent on their study (Organisms with Modified Growth Characteristics and Methods of Making Them) and a research paper,
and developed for use in a standard cell culturing facility without the need for expensive bioprinting equipment.
with those in materials science, to realise a biological outcome, Professor Wallace said. his paves the way for the use of more sophisticated printers to create structures with much finer resolution. 3d printing of layered brain-like structures using peptide modified gellan gum substrates
Brain-like structures were constructed using a bio-ink consisting of a novel peptide-modified biopolymer,
and developed for use in traditional cell culturing facilities without the need for extensive bioprinting equipment.
therefore adds further support to the concept that sleep subserves a distinct biological function of sleep
including Lohitash Karumbaiah of the University of Georgia Regenerative Bioscience Center, has developed a brain-friendly extracellular matrix environment of neuronal cells that contain very little foreign material.
and is chair of the Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical engineering at the Georgia Institute of technology and Emory University,
#How Chronic Inflammation Can Lead to Cancer Researchers discover how the immune system can create cancerous DNA mutations when fighting off infection.
the researchers unveil how one of a battery of chemical warfare agents used by the immune system to fight off infection can itself create DNA mutations that lead to cancer.
a research associate in the Department of Biological engineering at MIT, and the paper lead author.
and James Fox all professors of biological engineering at MIT had identified the presence of a lesion,
says John Essigmann, the William R. 1956) and Betsy P. Leitch Professor in Residence Professor of Chemistry, Toxicology and Biological engineering at MIT,
DNA sequencing of a developing gastrointestinal tumor revealed two types of mutation: cytosine (C) bases changing to thymine (T) bases,
the 5clc instead paired with an adenine base around 5 percent of the time a medically relevant mutation frequency, according to Essigmann.
the researchers replicated the genome containing the lesion with a variety of different types of polymerase,
and causes the same kind of mutations seen within cells, Fedeles says. hat gave us confidence that this phenomenon would in fact happen in human cells containing high levels of 5clc.
What more, the C-to-T mutation characteristic of 5clc is extremely common, and is present in more than 50 percent of mutagenic ignatures,
or patterns of DNA mutations, associated with cancerous tumors. e believe that in the context of inflammation-induced damage of DNA,
many of these C-to-T mutations may be caused by 5clc, possibly in correlation with other types of mutations as part of these mutational signatures,
says the paper provides a novel mechanistic link between chronic inflammation and cancer development. ith a combination of biochemical, genetic,
and structural biology approaches, the researchers have found that 5-chlorocytosine is intrinsically miscoding during DNA replication
and it could give rise to significant frequencies of C-to-T mutation, a type of mutation that is frequently observed in human cancers,
Wang says. Studies of tissue samples of patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease have found significant levels of 5clc,
the researchers predict that accumulation of the lesions would increase the mutation rate of a cell up to 30-fold,
The study appears in the journal PLOS Biology. t an impressive demonstration of imaging our feelings,
explains the study lead author, William Eric Sponsel, MD, of the University of Texas at San antonio, Department of Biomedical engineering.
which have neurodegenerative biology similar to glaucoma, may also be mediated actively by the brain. ur work has illustrated that the brain will not let us lose control of the same function on both sides of the brain
The research will be published by the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, the world largest society of biomedical engineers. t will be difficult to get people with complete paralysis to walk completely independently,
and quality of life, said V. Reggie Edgerton, senior author of the research and a UCLA distinguished professor of integrative biology and physiology, neurobiology and neurosurgery.
The restoration of sensation with implanted neural arrays is one of several neurotechnology-based advances emerging from DARPA 18-month-old Biological Technologies Office,
researchers have recently been able to develop precise treatments for cancer by sequencing tumor genomes
The study, led by Muniswamy Madesh, Phd, Associate professor in the Department of Biochemistry, the Cardiovascular Research center,
Talking to the Immune system Previous studies have shown RIPK3 controls the induction of a type of programmed cell death, called necroptosis,
which protects the body from harmful mutations and infections. However, scientists had understood not fully RIPK3 role in the immune system.
The study was published recently online ahead of print by the journal Biological Psychiatry. The molecule in question is known as a regulator of G protein signaling (RGS PROTEIN,
you could look specifically for RGS7 levels for any disabling mutation with a simple blood test,
said Gargus, director of the Center for Autism Research & Translation and professor of pediatrics and physiology & biophysics. qually exciting,
Genetic research has identified hundreds of genes that are involved, which impedes diagnosis and, ultimately, drug development. There simply may be too many targets, each with too small an effect.
and sophisticated EEG, sleep and biochemical studies are performed. This includes the sequencing of their entire genome.
Also, skin cell samples are cultured and made available to lab-based researchers for functional assays. In the area of drug discovery, scientists at the Center for Autism Research & Translation continue to probe the IP3R channel,
Floating on top of the film was made a membrane of molecules resembling those found in the membranes of biological cells.
First, it expands our knowledge of the biological role of Vitamin b12, which was understood already to help convert fat into energy,
says Catherine Drennan, a professor of chemistry and biology at MIT. The findings are detailed this week in the journal Nature.
of which exactly three are bound to the genetic material something Drennan says surprised her. hat the best part about science,
says Rowena Matthews, a professor emerita of biological chemistry at the University of Michigan, who has read the paper.
said senior author Michael Levin, Ph d.,the Vannevar bush Professor of Biology at Tufts and director of the Tufts Center for Regenerative and Developmental biology.
Like biological evolution evolutionary computation does not randomly or exhaustively test each possibility, but instead uses incremental improvement and selection to rapidly converge on a solution. he artificial intelligence system evolved a pathway that correctly explains all the existing and very puzzling data.
In addition to Levin and Lobikin, paper authors were Douglas J. Blackiston and Elizabeth Tkachenko of the Department of biology and Center for Regenerative and Developmental biology, Tufts University;
and Christopher J. Martyniuk of the Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology and Department of Physiological Sciences, UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida.
or replaced by modern techniques that give the physician an indication of the elasticity of a biological tissue.
The researchers are now attempting to block fibrinogen using biological and small-molecule approaches as potential new therapies to suppress autoimmunity directed against the brain,
Associate professor in the Department of Organismal biology and Anatomy at the University of Chicago and senior author of the study. ow we understand the nuts and bolts of stimulation,
#Gel scaffold paves way for 3d printing of biological organs To improve 3d printing, simply add gel.
if wee ever to print the biological structures that make up organs, blood vessels and other tissue.
or osteogenesis imperfecta, is caused by mutations in the gene for making collagen a tough, flexible material that strengthens bone.
It will then gradually expand its scope to include biology, physics and the remaining hard sciences, learning from how users interact with software as it goes. e have very specific goals along the way for semantic intensity how deep into a paper our system can get to see what it about,
#Octopus Genome Offers Insights Into One Of Ocean's Cleverest Oddballs Scientists have sequenced just the first genome of an octopus,
"The octopus has a very large genome. It's nearly the size of the human genome,
"says Carrie Albertin, a biologist at the University of Chicago. As technology to sequence DNA has gotten faster and cheaper,
scientists have unraveled the genes of all kinds of creatures. But until now, no one had done an octopus despite their obvious appeal as one of the weirdest animals On earth.
Wednesday, in the journal Nature, they report on the genetic code of Octopus bimaculoides aka the California two-spot octopus.
For example, scientists had thought the octopus genome got so big because at some point the whole genome just copied itself.
But no, says Albertin.""As we started to dig into the data, we were seeing more and more signs that there was no duplication."
"We were surprised really as we were poking through the octopus genome to see that there were just 150 or 160 of these genes,
because scientists are busy working on those genomes too g
#Genetically Modified Yeast Yields Narcotics, Raises Regulation Questions When bioengineer Christina Smolke started her own research lab,
she was only 29-years-old. But that didn't stop her from setting colossal goals.
what many considered to be a holy grail in bioengineering: yeast that can literally brew narcotic drugs.
When bioengineer Christina Smolke started her own research lab, she was only 29-years-old.
what many considered to be a holy grail in bioengineering: yeast that can literally brew narcotic drugs.
#Single molecule detector reveals biomolecule secrets Supersensitive detection systems are an important element of today's life sciences.
and determining the amount of biomolecules, in order to be able to diagnose diseases earlier, to find new active ingredients faster and more reliably,
but it can also generate a wide range of information about the type and behavior of the marked biomolecules.
#Color-Changing Substance Detects Biological, Mechanical Problems CAMBRIDGE, Mass. Sept. 9, 2015 Responsive to a range of stimuli, a color-changing metallic substance could help detect problems as varied as mechanical strain and pollution.
In this way the material could be used to detect chemical or biological compounds as well as mechanical and thermal conditions."
Researchers at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies used a fluorescent tag that could be added to multiple neurons
"said Samuel Pfaff, a professor in Salk's Gene expression Laboratory.""These are just raw signals you can see through the eyepiece of a microscope.
The adhesive was developed in the lab of Dr. Jeff Karp, a bioengineer at Brigham and Women's Hospital.
The british researchers will present their findings this week at an annual microbiology conference held in the United kingdom. Christina Lee,
and inserted particular mutations in the bacteria DNA to make the enzyme even more powerful. After cultivating the bacteria over five generations,
U s. Will not Fund Embryo Editing Thanks to new genetic engineering techniques, we can edit DNA with more precision than ever before.
In response, Francis Collins, the director of the National institutes of health (and leader of the U s. effort to sequence the human genome),
and a current lack of compelling medical applications justifying the use of/genetic engineering in embryos.""The NIH's stance is not particularly surprising,
and the editing process can cause damage to the entire genome. The NIH's stance means those safety problems won't be solved on the U s s dime
Published in Bioinspiration & Biomimetics, the study is an attempt to understand and then mimic how insects are able to fly safely.
which is titled"Self-Fueled Biomimetic Liquid Metal Mollusk, "including the insertion of the aluminum"fuel"(b)
the researchers uncovered the genetic code for the proteins that allow the teeth to heal themselves when broken.
the researchers uncovered the genetic code for the proteins that allow the teeth to heal themselves when broken.
#Nose-Like Biosensor Sniffs Out Stinky Drinking water Electronic noses can detect bugs, disease or even explosives.
according to a study published recently in the journal Biosensors and Bioelectronics. To make water drinkable, treatment plants weed out most harmful chemicals and bacteria.
The agency newest research department, the Biological Technologies Office, is trying to make them better,
the enzyme used in the CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing technique, employed on a stand of DNA.
Some argue that editing the human genome could have unintended consequences that could be passed down to future generations,
a group of European researchers were able to store information in DNA, our genetic material. The promise of this discovery was huge.
or identifying the components of genetic material, is getting dramatically cheaper. For example, you can have the 3 billion bases in your own DNA sequenced for as little as $1000.
Because DNA is always present in a variety of biological environments the idea of a personal DNA hard drive within the body may also be possible.
This in itself is a perfect biological version of what we currently do today with computers.
or on them it seems there certainly would be room to put your social security number in the genome of some bacteria or virus. However,
There also another reason why this personalized biological hard drive may not be the best option. We do not yet have the technology to read it.
if you did manage to incorporate your personal information into the HPV genome (you couldn't add much-the genome is very small) remember using today technology the DNA has to be extracted,
Yet while the biological aspects may be suited perfectly for a variety of applications the economic and logistic hurdles suggest we should only focus on a few aspirations.
a biotechnologist who has helped developed stem cell-based treatments for ischemic diseases. The Hoope idea originated from a NASA camp where Damel team bested 80 other scientists in developing an impactful product.
but for the Univ. of Cincinnati (UC)' s Yoonjee Park, assistant professor in the College of Engineering and Applied science biomedical engineering professor, these words are central to every conversation relating to her cutting edge research on drug delivery vehicles.
#Gene on-off switch works like backpack strap A research team based in Houston Texas Medical center has found that the proteins that turn genes on by forming loops in human chromosomes work like the sliding plastic adjusters on a grade-schooler backpack.
and allow researchers to reprogram cells by directly modifying the loops in genomes. The study,
is by the same team that published the first high-resolution 3-D maps showing how the human genome folds inside the nucleus of a cell.
Every human cell contains a genome, a linear string of DNA. Sequences of DNA bases spell out genes,
and coming into contact during genome folding. Last year, the team showed that it was possible to map the positions of these loops,
and the researchers created the first atlas of loops in the human genome. But the group couldn explain how the loops were forming. or months
said senior author Erez Lieberman Aiden, a geneticist and computer scientist with joint appointments at Baylor and Rice. hen one day,
The human genome contains more than 20,000 genes. In any given cell, only a fraction of these are active,
Aiden, who is also a senior investigator at Rice Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, said the researchers found that a set of proteins acts like the plastic slider,
Aiden, assistant professor of genetics at Baylor and of computer science and computational and applied mathematics at Rice, said Sanborn
and high-performance computation to predict how a genome will fold. The team confirmed their predictions by making tiny modifications in a cell genome
and showing that the mutations changed the folding pattern exactly as expected. Rao likened the result to a new form of genome surgery:
a procedure that can modify how a genome is folded by design and with extraordinary precision. e found that changing even one letter in the genetic code was enough to modify the folding of millions of other letters,
said Rao, a graduate student in the Aiden lab and at Stanford university. hat was stunning was that once we understood how the loops were forming,
the results of these changes became extremely predictable. Sanborn said the discovery also explains a puzzling pattern that the team noticed
when it published its original atlas of loops. NA encodes information and you can think of each DNA base pair as a letter and of certain sequences of letters as words,
and the genome is flexible at that scale, said Sanborn. f I were a protein,
The basic idea is that the tri-glide protein complex lands on the genome and pulls the strand from each side so that a loop forms in the middle just like the loop someone might make
Aiden said that one of the most astonishing implications of the new model is that loops on different chromosomes tend not to become entangled. n the old model,
when two bits of the genome wiggled around and then met inside the cell nucleus, Aiden said. ut this process would lead to interweaving loops and highly entangled chromosomes.
This is a big problem if you need those chromosomes to separate again when the cell divides. he tri-glide takes care of that,
he said. ven in a big pile of backpacks, you can use your tri-glide to make a loop without any risk of entanglement. u
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