Synopsis: Nanotechnology: Nanometrology:

H-infinity, track-follow controllers that place the head within 6 nanometers; allowing a track density of 181,300 tracks per inch.

#World's highest-performance single-molecule diode created As electronics miniaturization heads towards a theoretical physical limit in the tens of nanometers,

Operating at this nanoscale, though, such devices may emulate their macro counterparts, but that behavior is merely a simulation;

"The combined Berkeley Lab-Columbia University research team is convinced that the way they have managed to produce a single-molecule diode sets the benchmark for future nonlinear nanoscale device tuning and development, with applications above and beyond just

and energy flow at the nanoscale. What is exciting to me about this field is its multidisciplinary nature the need for both physics and chemistry and the strong beneficial coupling between experiment and theory.

the researchers began by placing aluminum particles about 50 nanometers in diameter in a solution of sulfuric acid and titanium oxysulfate,

a process that coated the nanoparticles in a hard shell three to four nanometers thick.

After a few hours in the acid, the aluminum particles shrank down to about 30 nanometers while leaving the outer shell unchanged.

which was just 80 nanometers thick. The cloak was designed to reflect light waves in such a way that an object it covers appears flat.

Each magnet within the new metamaterial is shaped like a grain of rice and roughly 63 nanometers in length.

which uses muon beams acting as magnetic probes to reveal magnetic properties on a nanoscale.

Each of the other layers has a thickness of just tens or hundreds of nanometers.

The trick lies in the fact that the scientists were able to make the electrodes exceptionally thin just 80 nanometers.

researchers made a cloak that is 80 nanometers in thickness and can wrap around a three-dimensional object about the size of a few biological cells. he surface of the skin cloak was engineered meta to reroute reflected light waves

We essentially have to determine the size of dots which are only 20 nanometers or smaller in diameter

For comparison, a human hair is around 75,000 nanometers in diameter. The various tests Sarswat and Free ran first measured the size of the CDS,

which rely on the creation of precise kinds of nanoscale textures on the surface, this system makes use of the tiny irregularities that naturally exist on a metal surface

The level of irisin was 3. 6 nanograms per milliliter in sedentary people and 4. 3 nanograms per milliliter in those who underwent the training."

"Our paper definitively confirms that irisin circulates and is altered with exercise in humans, "said study researcher Bruce M. Spiegelman, a professor of cell biology and medicine at Harvard Medical school.

with the teensiest portions measuring just 5 nanometers, and the smallest functional ones having features just 7 nanometers in size.

For comparison, an average strand of human hair is about 100,000 nanometers wide. The decrease in size,

however, means that the quantum effects of particles at that scale could disrupt their functioning.

which blow like nanoscale fuses, Shulaker said. In 2013, the team built a CNT COMPUTER which they described in the journal Nature.

The new distance record was set using advanced single-photon detectors made of superconducting wires of molybdenum silicide that were about 150 nanometers

but the thickness of these electrodes are just 80 to 90 nanometers, which allows a lot of light to pass through

the device can attain a resolution of about 150 nanometers. The researchers also calculated that

they could improve the resolution to about 4 nanometers. High-resolution mass imaging This advance could help spur the development of a technique known as inertial imaging,

way to improve methods for detecting polluting emissions using a sensor at the nanoscale. The paper was published in Nanotechnology.

way to improve methods for detecting polluting emissions using a sensor at the nanoscale. The paper was published in Nanotechnology.

which are about 50 nanometers in diameter, naturally have oxidized an layer of alumina (Al2o3). e needed to get rid of it,

which reacts with titanium oxysulfate to form a solid shell of titanium hydroxide with a thickness of 3 to 4 nanometers.

graphene nanoribbons need to be less than 10 nanometers wide, which is phenomenally narrow. In addition, the nanoribbons must have smooth

the researchers can easily tune the nanoribbon width be to less than 10 nanometers. hat wee discovered is that

#Hundredfold improvement in temperature mapping reveals the stresses inside nanoscale transistors New nanoscale thermal imaging technique shows heat building up inside microprocessors,

and how it dissipates with nanometer accuracy. Image courtesy of The Molecular Foundry) Used in everything from cell phones to supercomputers,

modern microelectronic circuits contain billions of nanometer scale transistors, each generating tiny amounts of heat that collectively can compromise the performance of the device.

#Major innovation in molecular imaging delivers spatial and spectral info simultaneously Using physical chemistry methods to look at biology at the nanoscale,

and back of the sample at the same time and achieved unprecedented optical resolution (of approximately 10 nanometers) of a cell.

and each subcellular structure was a distinct color. o using this method we can look at interactions between four biological components inside a cell in three-dimension and at very high resolution of about 10 nanometers,

such as the ph, in live cells at the nanometer scale. Image: A spectrally resolved super-resolution microscopy image of four subcellular targets that were labeled by four far-red dyes at 10 nm spectral separation.

Working with brick-like blocks of gold nanoantennas, the Berkeley researchers fashioned a kin cloakbarely 80 nanometers in thickness,

however, allow us to manipulate the phase of a propagating wave directly through the use of subwavelength-sized elements that locally tailor the electromagnetic response at the nanoscale,

#Detecting HIV diagnostic antibodies with DNA nanomachines A nanoscale machine composed of synthetic DNA can be used for the rapid,

An international team of researchers have designed and synthetized a nanometer scale DNA"machine "whose customized modifications enable it to recognize a specific target antibody.

and this method provides a straightforward way to make semiconducting nanoscale circuits from graphene, a form of carbon only one atom thick.

UW researchers went to Argonne staff scientists Brian Kiraly and Nathan Guisinger at the Center for Nanoscale Materials,

"We have some very unique capabilities here at the Center for Nanoscale Materials, "said Guisinger."

and accurately and freezing them in place could enable improved nanoscale sensing methods and aid research to manufacture advanced technologies such as quantum computers and ultra-high-resolution displays.

The device, fabricated at Purdue University's Birck Nanotechnology Center, uses a cylindrical gold"nanoantenna"with a diameter of 320 nanometers,

"and making it possible to manipulate nanometer scale objects suspended in a fluid.""The proposed approach enables the immediate implementation of a myriad of exciting applications,

Potential applications for the nanotweezer include improved-sensitivity nanoscale sensors and the study of synthetic and natural nanoobjects including viruses and proteins;

or other nanoscale light-emitting structures that can be used to enhance the production of single photons, workhorses of quantum information processing,

Previous research had shown that convection using a single plasmonic nanoantenna was too weak to induce such a strong convection, below 10 nanometers per second,

and colleagues just published in EPJ QT an improved sensing technique for nanometre scale heating and temperature sensing.

The novelty of this study is that it shows that it is possible to use diamond nanocrystals as hypersensitive temperature sensors with a high spatial resolution-ranging from 10 to 100 nanometers-to monitor the amount of heat delivered to cancer cells s

Nanoscale Tweaks Graphene is a molecule-thick sheet of carbon atoms; the nanotubes are made like straws of boron and nitrogen.

Applying voltage to a 250-nanometer-thick sandwich of graphene, tantalum, nanoporous tantalum oxide and platinum creates addressable bits where the layers meet.

Tour is the T. T. and W. F. Chao Chair in Chemistry as well as a professor of materials science and nanoengineering and of computer science and a member of Rice's Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology y

"The originality of the instrument and technique lies in its ability to provide information about a material's chemical composition in the broad infrared spectrum of the chemical composition while showing the morphology of a material's interior and exterior with nanoscale-a billionth of a meter-resolution,

"An urgent need exists for new platforms that can tackle the challenges of subsurface and chemical characterization at the nanometer scale,

chemical or biological processes at the nanoscale To gain even deeper insights into the smallest of worlds,

This makes highly precise filming of dynamic processes at the nanometer scale possible. The results were published recently in the research journal Scientific Reports.

On the one hand, this is due to the fact that such processes take place on a scale of a millionth of a millimeter (nanometer)

"This makes our nanoscope suitable for viewing ultra-fast physical processes as well as for biological process, which are often very slow,

Combining two methods guarantees high spatial and temporal Resolution The nanoscope is based on the further development of near-field microscopy, in

one can achieve a spatial resolution in the order of the near-field magnitude, that is, in the nanometer range."

the teams led by the two Dresden physicists have managed to combine all the advantages of both methods in their nanoscope."

The clever electronic method enables the nanoscope to exclusively record only the changes actually occurring in the sample's properties due to the excitation.

Although other research groups have reported only recently good temporal resolution with their nanoscopes, they could not, however,

Universal in every respect"With our nanoscope's considerable wavelength coverage, dynamic processes can be studied with the best suited wavelengths for the specific process under study.

The Dresden nanoscope is universally adaptable to respective scientific questions. The probe pulse wavelengths can,

graphene nanoribbons need to be less than 10 nanometers wide, which is phenomenally narrow. In addition, the nanoribbons must have smooth,

the researchers can easily tune the nanoribbon width be to less than 10 nanometers.""What we've discovered is that

With our technology, we can take a razor-thin silicon integrated circuit, a few hundred nanometers thick,

Using physical chemistry methods to look at biology at the nanoscale, a Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) researcher has invented a new technology to image single molecules with unprecedented spectral and spatial resolution,

and back of the sample at the same time and achieved unprecedented optical resolution (of approximately 10 nanometers) of a cell.

"So using this method we can look at interactions between four biological components inside a cell in three-dimension and at very high resolution of about 10 nanometers,

such as the ph, in live cells at the nanometer scale e

#Artificial leaf harnesses sunlight for efficient fuel production Generating and storing renewable energy, such as solar or wind power, is a key barrier to a clean energy economy.

which showed that adding a nanometers-thick layer of titanium dioxide (Tio2)--a material found in white paint

and colleagues uses such a 62.5-nanometer-thick Tio2 layer to effectively prevent corrosion and improve the stability of a gallium arsenide-based photoelectrode.

active catalyst by adding a 2-nanometer-thick layer of nickel to the surface of the Tio2.

the UVM team was able to observe nanoscale defects and boundaries in the crystal grains in the thin films of phthalocyanine--roadblocks in the electron highway."

consists of a 200 nanometre thin layer of yttrium iron garnet (a mineral and magnetic insulator, YIG in short), with a conducting platinum strip on top of that on both sides.

The resulting platelet-membrane-coated nanoparticles are approximately 100 nanometers in diameter, which is one thousand times thinner than an average sheet of paper.

With more photons, at a wavelength of 33 nanometers, the researchers were able to make an image with a resolution of 26 nanometers--almost the theoretical limit."

When taking snapshots every second, the researchers reached a resolution below 80 nanometers. The prospect of high-resolution and real-time imaging using such a relatively small setup could lead to all kinds of applications,

which is a common technique for producing nanometer scale patterns.""That's not necessarily the only way,"said Raman, a co-first-author of the paper."

a nanoscale integrated optical memory that could open up the route towards ultra-fast data processing and storage.

This changeability-between crystalline (regular) and amorphous (irregular) states-allowed the team to store many bits in a single integrated nanoscale optical phase-change cell l

and record these nanoscale interactions in real time. As they report Sept. 28 in Nature Biotechnology, this tool should provide fast and reliable characterization of the different mechanisms cellular proteins use to bind to DNA strands--information that could shed new light on the atomic-scale interactions within our cells

Now researchers from the University of Zurich, Switzerland have made a breakthrough by obtaining the first nanometer (one billionth of a meter) resolved image of individual tobacco mosaic virions

"The virions are imaged with one nanometer resolution exhibiting details of the helical structure of the virus. Our technique would be the first non-destructive imaging tool for structural biology at the truly single molecule level."

Sufficient electron dose in low energy electron holography makes imaging individual biomolecules at a nanometer resolution possible.

the current nanometer resolution could be improved to angstrom (one ten billionth of a meter) or atomic resolution in the near future by improving the mechanical stability of the microscope."

"While by now single proteins have been imaged with nanometer resolution using the same technique, the researchers'next step is to image a single protein at atomic resolution--something that has never been done before e

which is just a few nanometers thick can have such high performance, "ICFO researcher Mathieu Massicotte and first author of this study states that"Everyone knew graphene could make ultrafast photodetectors,

and looks like uncooked long-grain rice but with nanometer-dimensions. In these new devices, the'rice grains'have been glued together at random points forming a mesh-like structure with lots of open space

They created a pattern of magnetic nanodots, each about half a micron across on a multilayered film where the magnetic moments are aligned normal to the plane.

they were able to find the first direct evidence of arrays of stable spiral magnetic skyrmions beneath the nanodots at room temperature,

reveal how a nanoscale, synthetic version of the precious gem can light up early-stage cancers in nontoxic, noninvasive Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.

researchers from the University investigated how nanoscale diamonds could help identify cancers in their earliest stages."

"In a way, the most exciting aspect of this work is that it should be applicable to a wide range of nanoscale materials such as complex oxides, graphene,

creating a coating between two nanometers and 20 nanometers thick, "Zhang says.""Using zinc oxide in the same process,

which was only a few nanometres (a millionth of a millimetre) thin to utilise quantum-mechanical effects for the flow through the storage cells."

"We have demonstrated that the use of two-dimensional superconductors instead of the three dimensional ones results in an increase in the spatial extension of YSR states for several dozen nanometres,

The technique provides a new approach to modulation that could be useful in all kinds of silicon-based nanoscale devices,

#The world's fastest nanoscale photonics switch: Russian scientists developed the world's fastest nanoscale photonics switch This work belongs to the field of photonics-an optics discipline

which appeared in the 1960-s, simultaneously with the invention of lasers. Photonics has the same goals as electronics does,

The typical scale of eletronic transistors--the basis of contemporary electronic devices--is less than 100 nanometers

The Berkeley researchers were able to overcome both these hurdles by forming their grating bars using a semiconductor layer of silicon approximately 120 nanometers thick.

Their initial design, subjected to a change in period of a mere 25 nanometers, created brilliant colors that could be shifted from green to yellow,

orange, and red-across a 39-nanometer range of wavelengths. Future designs, the researchers believe,

#Scientists develop atomic force microscopy for imaging nanoscale dynamics of neurons While progress has been made over the past decades in the pursuit to optimize atomic force microscopy (AFM) for imaging living cells,

In their March publication in Scientific Reports("Long-tip high-speed atomic force microscopy for nanometer scale imaging in live cells),

"We've now demonstrated that our new AFM can directly visualize nanometer scale morphological changes in living cells,

According to Dr. Yasuda, the successful observations of structural dynamics in live neurons present the possibility of visualizing the morphology of synapses at nanometer resolution in real time in the near future.

#Nanotechnology may double radio frequency data capacity A team of Columbia Engineering researchers has invented a technology--full-duplex radio integrated circuits (ICS)--that can be implemented in nanoscale CMOS to enable simultaneous transmission and reception

Cosmic (Columbia High-speed and Mm-wave IC) Lab full-duplex transceiver IC that can be implemented in nanoscale CMOS to enable simultaneous transmission and reception at the same frequency in a wireless radio.

but no one has yet been able to build tiny nanoscale ICS with this capability.""Our work is the first to demonstrate an IC that can receive

especially when performed in a tiny nanoscale IC, and we have found a way to solve that challenge."

#Researchers probe nanoscale properties and mechanisms of lubricant films The pistons in your car engine rub up against their cylinder walls thousands of times a minute;

whose research focuses on nanoscale measurements of friction and lubrication. The team conducted research to probe nanoscale properties and mechanisms of lubricant films and ultimately uncovered the molecular mechanisms behind a common anti-wear additive.

Motor oil contains chemical additives that extend how long engines can run without failure, but, despite decades of ubiquity, how such additives actually work to prevent this damage have remained a mystery.

but, zoomed into the nanometer scale, they might look more like mountain ranges. Absent a buffering layer of a protective film, those peaks,

An atomic force microscope uses a nanoscale tip much like a record needle. Mounted on a flexible arm,

"Such a discovery would not have been possible without the team's nanoscale approach. Without being able to control the stress

The team successfully suspended glass particles 400 nanometres across in a vacuum using an electric field,

#Putting batteries on stage spotlights performance at the nanoscale Used in everything from electric vehicles to laptop computers,

To see what happens on the nanoscale, scientists at DOE's Joint Center for Energy storage Research (JCESR) designed

Using this stage inside a state-of-the-art aberration-corrected transmission electron microscope they can take nanoscale-resolution pictures of lithium ions as they are deposited on or dissolve off of an electrode while the battery runs("Observation and Quantification of Nanoscale Processes in Lithium batteries

scientists can quantify, at the nanoscale, the amount of lithium that ends up irreversibly deposited after each charge/discharge cycle.

The thickness of the silicon films ranges from 20 to 200 nanometers for creating different colors.

For reference, 100 nanometers is about 1/1000 of the thickness of a single sheet of paper.

One nanometer is about two atomic layers of silicon. The silicon color coating process can be applied on almost any material surface.

Then the team exposed the graphene to an oxygen plasma that knocked carbon atoms out of the graphene's nanoscale chicken wire lattice to create pores.

They determined the optimum pore size for effective desalination was 0. 5 to 1 nanometers,

They also found the optimal density of pores for desalination was one pore for every 100 square nanometers."

the researchers made nanoribbons that are about 50 to 1, 000 nanometers in width and about 10 microns long.

which is 130 nanometers. Silver nanodiscs on monolayer molybdenum disulfide.""We have known that these plasmonic nanostructures have the ability to attract

#A quantum sensor for nanoscale electron transport The word defect doesnt usually have a good connotation--often indicating failure.

"JQI Fellow Vladimir Manucharyan and colleagues at Harvard university used NV centers in diamond to sense the properties of magnetic field noise tens of nanometers away from the silver samples.

the team here purposefully creates them approximately 15 nanometers away from the silver layer. At temperatures above absolute zero, the electrons inside of the silver layer (or any conductor) bounce around

thus electrons travel dont travel very far--roughly 10 nanometers or less--before scattering off an obstacle.

These results demonstrate that single NV centers can be used to directly study electron behavior inside of a conductive material on the nanometer length scale.

3-D images of nanoscale objects (w/video)( Nanowerk News) To design the next generation of optical devices, ranging from efficient solar panels to LEDS to optical transistors,

engineers will need a 3-dimensional image depicting how light interacts with these objects on the nanoscale.

thousandths the size of a grain of sand, in 3-D and with nanometer scale resolution.

The research is detailed in the current issue of Nature Nanotechnology("Nanoscale optical tomography with cathodoluminescence spectroscopy".

The target object in this proof-of-principle experiment was coated a gold crescent 250 nanometers in diameter several hundred times as thin as a human hair.

which light interacts with this nanometer scale object.""Interpreting a 2-D image, however, can be quite limiting,

This experimental map reveals sources of light emission in the structure with a spatial resolution on the order of 10 nanometers.

"This work could enable a new era of 3d optical imaging with nanometer scale spatial and spectral resolution,

The open structure of the nanoframes addresses some of the major design criteria for advanced nanoscale electrocatalysts, namely, high surface-to-volume ratio, three-dimensional surface accessibility to reactants,

Because the coating is only a few hundred nanometers (billionths of a meter) thick, it is mostly undetectable.

In addition, for micro-and nanoscale devices, commercial oils may be too sticky to allow for their efficient operation.

and Technology (NIST) has developed a technique for creating nanoscale whispering galleries for electrons in graphene. The development opens the way to building devices that focus

"An international research group led by scientists at NIST has developed a technique for creating nanoscale whispering galleries for electrons in graphene.

The researchers used the voltage from a scanning tunneling microscope (right) to push graphene electrons out of a nanoscale area to create the whispering gallery (represented by the protuberances on the left),

The cool thing is made that we a nanometer scale electronic analogue of a classical wave effect

the research team used the voltage from a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) to push some of them out of a nanoscale-sized area.

creating a nanoscale electronic whispering gallery mode. The team can control the size and strength, i e.,

Fabrication and measurement of the device was performed at NISTS Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST), a national user facility available to researchers from industry, academia and government t

Working at the Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM) and the Advanced Photon Source (APS), two DOE Office of Science User Facilities located at Argonne,

the staff scientist at the Center for Nanoscale Materials who led the project. But its a very thin membrane made of a single layer of nanoparticles.

Nanoscale Tweaks Graphene is a molecule-thick sheet of carbon atoms; the nanotubes are made like straws of boron and nitrogen.

Each modulator is made up of a metal-insulator-metal waveguide with a gap approximately 80 nanometers wide

In the experiment, the MZM works reliably over the entire spectral range of the broadband optical fiber networks of 1500 1600 nanometers at an electric bandwidth of 70 gigahertz with data flows of up to 108 gigabit per second.

#Atomic view of microtubules Microtubules, hollow fibers of tubulin protein only a few nanometers in diameter, form the cytoskeletons of living cells

each measuring about six nanometers. e made a tiny device, but the process can easily be scaled up to large flexible plastic sheets,

And while the scientists needed only nanograms of the material for this study, that number would have to be multiplied dramatically for industrial purposes.

"For this research, the team used the Center for Nanoscale Materials as well as beamline 12-ID-C of the Advanced Photon Source, both DOE Office of Science User Facilities.

Curtiss said the Advanced Photon Source allowed the scientists to observe ultralow loadings of their small clusters, down to a few nanograms,

Applying voltage to a 250-nanometer-thick sandwich of graphene, tantalum, nanoporous tantalum oxide and platinum creates addressable bits where the layers meet.

That's really small--less than one millionth of a meter--but these nanoscopic valleys have macroscopic impact.

and demonstrate the nanoscale mechanics behind the phenomenon of staying dry underwater. In their experiments, the researchers used a variety of materials with

Samples with the nanoscale roughness remained dry for up to four months the duration of the experiment.

The researchers focused on the nanoscopic structure of surfaces, which, at the nanoscale, are somewhat akin to the texture of a carpet,

with tiny spike-like elevations separated by valley-shaped pores in between. When submerged, water tends to cling to the top of the spikes,

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