#Aligned carbon nanotube/graphene sandwiches By in situ nitrogen doping and structural hybridization of carbon nanotubes (CNTS) and graphene via a two-step chemical vapor deposition (CVD) scientists have fabricated nitrogen-doped aligned carbon nanotube/graphene (N-ACNT/G) sandwiches
with three-dimensional (3d) electron transfer pathways interconnected ion diffusion channels and enhanced interfacial affinity and activity.
CNTS and graphene the most highlighted sp2-bonded carbon nanomaterials over the past decades have attracted enormous attention in the area of energy storage heterogeneous catalysis healthcare environmental protection as well as nanocomposites
The combination of CNTS and graphene into 3d hybrid composites can usually mitigate the self-aggregation
Up to now several strategies have been explored to fabricate such CNTS/graphene hybrids including post-organization methods and in situ growth while integration of high-quality CNTS and graphene without barrier layers is still difficult.
A team from Tsinghua University (China) led by Prof. Qiang Zhang and Fei Wei have fabricated now successfully sandwich-like N-ACNT/G hybrids via a two-step catalytic growth on bifunctional natural materials.
Aligned CNTS were intercalated firstly into the interlayer spaces of the layered catalyst embedded with metal nanoparticles (NPS) through a low-temperature (L-T) CVD
and graphene was deposited sequentially onto the surface of lamellar flakes at the bottom of aligned CNTS through a high-temperature (H-T) CVD.
After catalyst removal alternative aligned CNTS and graphene were connected vertically to each other in long-range periodicity thereby forming a sandwich-like structure.
The key issue for the fabrication of the novel N-ACNT/G architecture is that the high-quality aligned CNTS
Org''Thereby the seamless connection of high-quality aligned CNTS and graphene provided 3d electron transfer pathways and interconnected ion diffusion channels.
which was about 65%higher than that of sole aligned CNTS. Even at a high current density of 5. 0 C a reversible capacity of ca. 770 mah g-1 can be achieved.
Zhang elaborated The seamless junction of CVD-grown aligned CNTS and graphene provides rapid electron transfer and mechanical robustness.
Rational hybridization of N-doped graphene/carbon nanotubes for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reaction More information:
Tang C Zhang Q Zhao MQ Huang JQ Cheng XB Tian GL Peng HJ Wei F. Nitrogen-Doped Aligned Carbon nanotube
While one-dimensional materials such as carbon nanotubes and nanowires also allow excellent electrostatics and at the same time possess band gap they are not suitable for low-cost mass production due to their process complexities she said.
Presenting their findings today 5 august 2014 in the journal Nanotechnology the researchers have demonstrated the material's superior performance compared to commercially available carbon graphene and carbon nanotubes.
and carbon nanotubes as reported in previous studies. Explore further: Nano-supercapacitors for electric cars More information:
This coating is mad e of carbon nanotubes-each 10000 times thinner than a human hair wrote Ian Johnston in The Independent on Sunday.
The manufacture of`super-black`carbon nanotube-based materials has required traditionally high temperatures preventing their direct application to sensitive electronics or materials with relatively low melting points.
During the procedure, the carbon nanotubes and thus the pore size shrink to a lesser extent than they would in the absence of the confining template
"We need to use structure specific carbon nanotubes for real applications. The structure controlled growth has been a dream of our field for about 20 years.
I believe her idea to use W-based catalyst is the landmark of growth of carbon nanotubes.
We expect a plenty of very useful applications of carbon nanotubes based on her new discovery, "said Professor Shigeo Maruyama from The University of Tokyo,
who also serves the president of Fullerene, Carbon nanotubes, and Graphene research Society of Japan. Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT
In 2009, the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) selected carbon-based nanoelectronics to include carbon nanotubes
"the main hurdle (of carbon-based electronics) is our current inability to produce large amounts of identical nanostructureshere is no reliable way to directly produce a single CNT type such as will be needed in a large integrated system."
This development is very important for the applications of carbon nanotubes in many fields especially nanoelectronics. c
#Lab unzips nanotubes into ribbons by shooting them at a target (Phys. org) Carbon nanotubes unzipped into graphene nanoribbons by a chemical process invented at Rice university are finding use in all kinds of projects
Until now we knew we could use mechanical forces to shorten and cut carbon nanotubes. This is the first time we have showed carbon nanotubes can be unzipped using mechanical forces.
The researchers fired pellets of randomly oriented multiwalled carbon nanotubes from a light gas gun built by the Rice lab of materials scientist Enrique Barrera with funding from NASA.
We were investigating possible applications for carbon nanotubes in space when we got this result. The effect was confirmed through molecular simulations.
Scientists shoot carbon nanotubes out of high-speed gun (w/video) More information: Unzipping Carbon nanotubes at High Impact.
Sehmus Ozden Pedro A s. Autreto Chandra Sekhar Tiwary Suman Khatiwada Leonardo Machado Douglas S. Galvao Robert Vajtai Enrique V. Barrera
#Scientists shoot carbon nanotubes out of high-speed gun (w/video)( Phys. org) What happens when you shoot multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTS) out of a gun onto an aluminum target at a velocity of more than 15000 mph?
Unzipping carbon nanotubes to create 2d graphene nanoribbons is very useful in nanoscience but until now it has typically been achieved with chemical contaminants that leave back contaminants.
They are superior to carbon nanotubes as their bandgap is more predictable. Also they are superior to graphene itself as graphene has no bandgap
Unzipping Carbon nanotubes at High Impact. Nano Letters. DOI: 10.1021/nl501753 0
#Super-stretchable yarn is made of graphene A simple, scalable method of making strong, stretchable graphene oxide fibers that are scrolled easily into yarns
researchers from the USC Viterbi School of engineering describe how they have overcome a major issue in carbon nanotube technology by developing a flexible,
energy-efficient hybrid circuit combining carbon nanotube thin film transistors with other thin film transistors. This hybrid could take the place of silicon as the traditional transistor material used in electronic chips,
since carbon nanotubes are more transparent, flexible, and can be processed at a lower cost. Electrical engineering professor Dr. Chongwu Zhou and USC Viterbi graduate students Haitian Chen
and Jialu Zhang developed this energy-efficient circuit by integrating carbon nanotube (CNT) thin film transistors (TFT) with thin film transistors comprised of indium, gallium and zinc oxide (IGZO)."
"Before then, we were working hard to try to turn carbon nanotubes into n-type transistors and then one day,
"Carbon nanotubes are so small that they can only be viewed through a scanning electron microscope. This hybridization of carbon nanotube thin films and IGZO thin films was achieved by combining their types, p-type and n-type, respectively,
to create circuits that can operate complimentarily, reducing power loss and increasing efficiency. The inclusion of IGZO thin film transistors was necessary to provide power efficiency to increase battery life.
If only carbon nanotubes had been used, then the circuits would not be power-efficient. By combining the two materials,
Zhou likened the coupling of carbon nanotube TFTS and IGZO TFTS to the Chinese philosophy of yin and yang."
With this development, Zhou and his team have circumvented the difficulty of creating n-type carbon nanotube TFTS
and p-type IGZO TFTS by creating a hybrid integration of p-type carbon nanotube TFTS and n-type IGZO TFTS and demonstrating a large-scale integration of circuits.
Up to this point, all carbon nanotube-based transistors had a maximum number of 200 transistors.""We believe this is a technological breakthrough,
"The next step for Zhou and his team will be to build more complicated circuits using a CNT
"Zhou and Chen believe that carbon nanotube technology, including this new CNT-IGZO hybrid, will be commercialized in the next 5-10 years."
"I believe that this is just the beginning of creating hybrid integrated solutions, "said Zhou.""We will see a lot of interesting work coming up. g
#Charging portable electronics in 10 minutes Researchers at the University of California Riverside Bourns College of Engineering have developed a three-dimensional silicon-decorated cone-shaped carbon nanotube cluster architecture for lithium ion battery anodes that could enable charging of portable
In a paper Silicon Decorated Cone Shaped Carbon nanotube Clusters for Lithium ion battery Anode recently published in the journal Small UC Riverside researchers developed a novel structure of three-dimensional silicon decorated cone-shaped
carbon nanotube clusters architecture via chemical vapor deposition and inductively coupled plasma treatment. Lithium ion batteries based on this novel architecture demonstrate a high reversible capacity and excellent cycling stability.
One the seamless connection between graphene covered copper foil and carbon nanotubes enhances the active material-current collector contact integrity
but Pint and Westover are confident that the rules that govern the load-bearing character of their design will carry over to other materials, such as carbon nanotubes and lightweight porous metals like aluminum.
This one packs an interconnected network of graphene and carbon nanotubes so tightly that it stores energy comparable to some thin-film lithium batteriesn area where batteries have held traditionally a large advantage.
High-performance low-cost ultracapacitors built with graphene and carbon nanotubes More information: Paper: Scalable synthesis of hierarchically structured carbon nanotuberaphene fibres for capacitive energy storage dx. doi. org/10.1038/nnano. 2014.9 n
particularly between carbon nanotubes and graphene, would affect the final hybrid properties in all directions. They found that introducing junctions would add extra flexibility
Carbon nanotubes are rolled-up arrays of perfect hexagons of atoms; graphene is a rolled out sheet of the same.
Shahsavari said. e compared our 3-D hybrid structures with the properties of 2-D stacked graphene sheets and 1-D carbon nanotubes.
The latter allows pillared graphene to exhibit remarkable toughness along out-of-plane directions, a feature that is not possible in 2-D stacked graphene sheets or 1-D carbon nanotubes,
one that includes carbon nanotubes. Now Fraunhofer has accomplished both feats, and with the most basic device imaginable:
3d Bioprinted Carbon nanotubes Used to Stimulate Bone Regrowth How do you 3d print bone? A couple of years ago,
if you add carbon nanotubes to the mix to create a 3d electrical network within the bone tissue,
and scaffolds with the required shapes and sizes. he carbon nanotubes (or CNT) were added to the bioprintable material mixture to create a hree-dimensional electrical conducting network all through the volume of the scaffold,
CNTS are basically one-atom-thick graphene sheets rolled up onto themselves in order to form very long filaments with diameters of only a few nanometers. n this sense,
by adding conducting CNTS into the bioprinted polymer and mineral prosthetic bone implant, you can stimulate the regrowth of the actual bone cells.
Perhaps one of the most curious aspects is that bioprinting CNTS created no additional difficulties,
the addition of the CNTS was performed and reaching a proper dispersion took a bit of stirring time. ercedes
Tungstenglass is based a borosilicate glass that is infused with tungsten and carbon nanotubes. The composition enhances the protective qualities of the glass by providing improved resistance to impact and scratching,
while because of the electrical properties of the Tungsten and Carbon nanotubes the electrical conductivity is improved making for a more sensitive surface for Human fingers."
The company has taken renewable plant oils and added Tungsten and Carbon nanotubes to the oil blend.
#Inner Space of Carbon nanotubes Could act as a Template for Synthesis of Linear-Chain Nanodiamonds The inner space of carbon nanotubes can act as a template for the synthesis of nanodiamond-like carbon chains.
Hisanori Shinohara from Nagoya University in Japan and his colleagues have developed a method that uses carbon nanotubes as a reaction vessel for the templated polymerization of linear-chain nanomaterials.
and with each other inside the carbon nanotubes, "the authors write. And:""Depending on the inner diameter of the carbon nanotubes,
the inserted species can either be transformed into the linear-chain polymers or into amorphous carbon."
the formed carbon nanotubes filled with the nanodiamondoid polymer look like macaroni filled with spaghetti. In order to extract the inner polymer,
#Researchers Build Optical Rectennas Using Carbon nanotubes and Tiny Rectifiers Optical rectennas, antenna-rectifier diodes that convert light into DC current, have been built using multiwall carbon nanotubes with integrated nanoscale rectifiers.
The produced optical rectennas hold promise as photodetectors that do not require cooling and energy harvesters that could be used for conversion of waste heat to electricity.
The carbon nanotubes in the devices function as antennas for capturing light. When the light waves strike the nanotube antennas,
-Prof Baratunde Cola, Georgia Tech The team employed nanoscale fabrication techniques alongside metallic multiwall carbon nanotubes to build devices that utilized light's wave nature rather than its particle nature.
the researchers grew forests of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes on a conductive substrate. Atomic layer chemical vapour deposition was used to in sulate the nanotubes with a coating of aluminum oxide.
which is sufficient for ejecting electrons out of the carbon nanotube antennas upon the absorption of visible light Light in the form of oscillating waves interacts with nanotubes after going through the calcium-aluminum electrode.
allowing multiple conduction channels in the carbon nanotubes, and reducing the structural resistance. e think we can reduce the resistance by several orders of magnitude just by improving the fabrication of our device structures,
'While other designs for space elevators have involved complex designs using graphene or carbon nanotubes, the Thoth design reportedly uses inflatable sections
The secret of its design is a scattering of billions of carbon'nanotubes'-microscopic hollow carbon rods.
"Some researchers have wanted to make transistors out of carbon nanotubes but the problem is that they grow in all sorts of directions,
which relies on materials called carbon nanotubes, allows scientists to build the chip in three dimensions. The 3d design enables scientists to interweave memory,
Carbon nanotubes To get around this issue Shulaker and his advisers at Stanford university, Subhasish Mitra and H.-S. Philip Wong, looked to a completely different material:
carbon nanotubes, or miniscule mesh rods made of carbon atoms, which can be processed at low temperatures. Carbon nanotubes (CNTS) have electrical properties similar to those of conventional silicon transistors.
In a head-to-head competition between a silicon transistor and a CNT transistor,"hands down, the CNT would win,
"Shulaker told Live Science.""It would be a better transistor; it can go faster; it uses less energy."
"However, carbon nanotubes grow in a disorderly manner, "resembling a bowl of spaghetti, "which is no good for making circuits,
while most CNTS have the properties of a semiconductor (like silicon), a few act just like an ordinary conducting metal,
As a remedy, Shulaker and his colleagues essentially"turn off"all the semiconducting CNTS, leaving huge jolts of current to circulate through the remaining conducting nanotubes.
"Some researchers have wanted to make transistors out of carbon nanotubes, but the problem is that they grow in all sorts of directions,
We have fabricated also Li-ion batteries based on structurally resilient carbon nanotube-based electrodes that have survived thousands of flexing cycles.
#Carbon nanotubes Applied to Create Electrical conductivity in Woolen Fabrics The fabrics can be used in various industries,
Researchers have tried in this research to synthesize fabrics with new properties by using simple and modified carbon nanotubes.
Carbon nanotubes have been added to woolen fabrics that are insulators by themselves. Therefore, the product can be presented to the market as a relatively conductive material.
These electrically conductive carbon nanotubes formed a network between the tobacco cells and were also able to penetrate the cell walls.
which consists of chemically modified carbon nanotubes, could be deployed in"smart packaging"that would offer much more accurate safety information than the expiration date on the package,
This MIT device, based on modified carbon nanotubes, can detect amines produced by decaying meat. It could also cut down on food waste
The sensor is similar to other carbon nanotube devices that Swager's lab has developed in recent years,
Carbon nanotubes can be modified chemically so that their ability to carry an electric current changes in the presence of a particular gas.
In this case, the researchers modified the carbon nanotubes with metal-containing compounds called metalloporphyrins, which contain a central metal atom bound to several nitrogen-containing rings.
it increases the electrical resistance of the carbon nanotube, which can be measured easily.""We use these porphyrins to fabricate a very simple device where we apply a potential across the device
particularly between carbon nanotubes and graphene, would affect the final hybrid properties in all directions. They found that introducing junctions would add extra flexibility
"Carbon nanotubes are rolled-up arrays of perfect hexagons of atoms; graphene is a rolled out sheet of the same.
Shahsavari said. e compared our 3-D hybrid structures with the properties of 2-D stacked graphene sheets and 1-D carbon nanotubes.
The latter allows pillared graphene to exhibit remarkable toughness along out-of-plane directions, a feature that is not possible in 2-D stacked graphene sheets or 1-D carbon nanotubes,
"Some researchers have wanted to make transistors out of carbon nanotubes but the problem is that they grow in all sorts of directions,
Meanwhile, researchers are working to enhance the performance of lithium-ion batteries using materials like carbon nanotubes,
and bound them in carbon nanotubes. When the molecules are present, the carbon nanotubes light up. In tests, the researchers found that their device could detect GSM and MIB concentrations as low as 10 nanograms per liter of water,
or 10,000 parts per trillion. That's not quite as sensitive as the human nose, which can detect GSM at just 5 parts per trillion,
"Some researchers have wanted to make transistors out of carbon nanotubes, but the problem is that they grow in all sorts of directions,
the team scattered billions of carbon nanotubes through the waffled plastic. Putting pressure on the plastic squeezes the nanotubes closer together
Thus, on the sensors, the team used carbon nanotubes molded into pyramidal microstructures, which are particularly effective at tunneling the signals from the electric field of nearby objects to the receiving electrode in a way that maximizes sensitivity.
#Future electronics based on carbon nanotubes First of all they are tiny--on the atomic scale and perhaps near the physical limit of how small you can shrink a single electronic switch.
But a big barrier to building useful electronics with carbon nanotubes has always been the fact that
"Now Rogers and a team of researchers have shown how to strip out the metallic carbon nanotubes from arrays using a relatively simple,
aligned arrays of carbon nanotubes packed with good densities on thin films has largely been solved by several different groups of scientists in recent years,
#Taking aircraft manufacturing out of the oven Aerospace engineers at MIT have developed now a carbon nanotube (CNT) film that can heat
"Wardle says the carbon nanotube film is also incredibly lightweight: After it has fused the underlying polymer layers,
Carbon nanotube deicerswardle and his colleagues have experimented with CNT films in recent years, mainly for deicing airplane wings.
carbon nanotubes heat efficiently when exposed to an electric current. The group first developed a technique to create a film of aligned carbon nanotubes composed of tiny tubes of crystalline carbon
standing upright like trees in a forest. The researchers used a rod to roll the"forest"flat,
creating a dense film of aligned carbon nanotubes. In experiments, Wardle and his team integrated the film into airplane wings via conventional,
If the CNT film could generate heat, why not use it to make the composite itself?
The researchers manufactured a CNT film about the size of a Post-it note, and placed the film over a square of Cycom 5320-1. They connected electrodes to the film,
or cross-link, the polymer and carbon fiber layers, finding that the CNT film used one-hundredth the electricity required for traditional oven-based methods to cure the composite.
Wardle says the results pushed the group to test the CNT film further: As different composites require different temperatures in order to fuse,
whether the CNT film could, quite literally, take the heat.""At some point, heaters fry out,
"Gregory Odegard, a professor of computational mechanics at Michigan Technological University, says the group's carbon nanotube film may go toward improving the quality and efficiency of fabrication processes for large composites, such as wings on commercial aircraft.
more conductive carbon nanotube films"It's a simple process and can create a lightweight CNT film,
or'bucky paper,'that is a meter wide and twice as strong as previous such films--it's even stronger than CNT FIBERS,
The researchers begin by growing the CNTS on a conventional substrate in a closely packed array.
The CNTS are tangled together, so when researchers pull on one end of the array the CNTS form a continuous ribbon that is only nanometers thick.
This ribbon is attached to a spool which begins winding the ribbon up. As the spool pulls, the CNT ribbon is dragged between two surgical blades.
While the blades appear straight to the naked eye, they actually have micrometer-scale fissures on their cutting edge.
These fissures create a kind of"microcomb"that pulls the CNTS into alignment--just as a regular comb sorts through tangled hair.
When the ribbon of aligned CNTS is being wound onto the spool, the researchers apply an alcohol solution.
This pulls the CNTS closer together, strengthening the bonds between CNTS. The CNT ribbon wraps around itself as it winds around the spool
creating a layered film of pure CNTS. Researchers can control the thickness of the film by controlling the number of layers.
The CNT films made using the microcombing technique had more than twice the tensile strength of the uncombed CNT films--greater than 3 gigapascals for the microcombed material,
versus less than 1. 5 gigapascals for the uncombed material. The microcombed CNT film also had 80 percent higher electrical conductivity than the uncombed film."
"This is a significant advance, but we want to find ways to make CNT alignment even straighter,
"Zhu says.""It's still not perfect.""In addition, the technique would theoretically be easy to scale up for large-scale production.
The pressure sensors are made of a carbon nanotube-elastomer composite shaped into tiny pyramidal structures that are coated onto a surface.
#icrocombingcreates Stronger, More Conductive Carbon nanotube Films Researchers from North carolina State university and China Suzhou Institute of Nanoscience and Nano-Biotics have developed an inexpensive technique called icrocombingto align carbon nanotubes (CNTS),
pure CNT films that are stronger than any previous such films. The technique also improves the electrical conductivity that makes these films attractive for use in electronic
and aerospace applications. t a simple process and can create a lightweight CNT film, or ucky paper, that is a meter wide and twice as strong as previous such films it even stronger than CNT FIBERS,
The researchers begin by growing the CNTS on a conventional substrate in a closely packed array.
The CNTS are tangled together, so when researchers pull on one end of the array the CNTS form a continuous ribbon that is only nanometers thick.
This ribbon is attached to a spool, which begins winding the ribbon up. As the spool pulls, the CNT ribbon is dragged between two surgical blades.
While the blades appear straight to the naked eye they actually have micrometer-scale fissures on their cutting edge.
These fissures create a kind of icrocombthat pulls the CNTS into alignment just as a regular comb sorts through tangled hair.
When the ribbon of aligned CNTS is being wound onto the spool, the researchers apply an alcohol solution.
This pulls the CNTS closer together, strengthening the bonds between CNTS. The CNT ribbon wraps around itself as it winds around the spool,
creating a layered film of pure CNTS. Researchers can control the thickness of the film by controlling the number of layers.
The CNT films made using the microcombing technique had more than twice the tensile strength of the uncombed CNT films greater than 3 gigapascals for the microcombed material
versus less than 1. 5 gigapascals for the uncombed material. The microcombed CNT film also had 80 percent higher electrical conductivity than the uncombed film. his is a significant advance,
but we want to find ways to make CNT alignment even straighter, Zhu says. t still not perfect. n addition,
the technique would theoretically be easy to scale up for large-scale production. We like to find an industry partner to help us scale this up
Based on multiwall carbon nanotubes and tiny rectifiers fabricated onto them, the optical rectennas could provide a new technology for photodetectors that would operate without the need for cooling,
the carbon nanotubes act as antennas to capture light from the sun or other sources. As the waves of light hit the nanotube antennas,
Using metallic multiwall carbon nanotubes and nanoscale fabrication techniques, Cola and collaborators Asha Sharma, Virendra Singh and Thomas Bougher constructed devices that utilize the wave nature of light rather than its particle nature.
Fabricating the rectennas begins with growing forests of vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes on a conductive substrate.
enough to drive electrons out of the carbon nanotube antennas when they are excited by light. In operation, oscillating waves of light pass through the transparent calcium-aluminum electrode
opening the carbon nanotubes to allow multiple conduction channels, and reducing resistance in the structures. e think we can reduce the resistance by several orders of magnitude just by improving the fabrication of our device structures,
Brighter, new energy saving flat panel lights based on carbon nanotubes Even as the 2014 Nobel prize in Physics has enshrined light emitting diodes (LEDS) as the single most significant and disruptive energy-efficient lighting solution of today scientists
Electronics based on carbon especially carbon nanotubes (CNTS) are emerging as successors to silicon for making semiconductor materials.
Scientists from Tohoku University in Japan have developed a new type of energy-efficient flat light source based on carbon nanotubes with very low power consumption of around 0. 1 Watt for every hour's operation
The new devices have luminescence systems that function more like cathode ray tubes with carbon nanotubes acting as cathodes
In recent years carbon nanotubes have emerged as a promising material of electron field emitters owing to their nanoscale needle shape and extraordinary properties of chemical stability thermal conductivity and mechanical strength.
Many researchers have attempted to construct light sources with carbon nanotubes as field emitter Shimoi said. But nobody has developed an equivalent and simpler lighting device.
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