"One prototype based on this model synchronizes a laser projector with a common rolling-shutter camera-the type of camera used in most smartphones
-so that the camera detects light only from points being illuminated by the laser as it scans across the scene.
But as a projector scans a laser across the scene, the spots illuminated by the laser beam are brighter,
if only briefly, noted Kyros Kutulakos, U of T professor of computer science.""Even though we're not sending a huge amount of photons, at short time scales,
this is accomplished by synchronizing the projector so that as the laser scans a particular plane, the camera accepts light only from that plane.
and their design was done traditionally by manufacturing but now, with 3d printing, computer manufacturing and more laser technology,
"Next they dyed the sample with 14 different dyes in a narrow emission window and excited and photoswitched the molecules with one laser.
They used a robotic system developed at SSRL to study the crystals at SLAC's LCLS, an X-ray laser that is one of the brightest sources of X-rays on the planet.
55 patients with atypical moles agreed to have monitored their skin by researchers at Pisa University Hospital using a laser Doppler system.
The laser Doppler was used to record the complex interactions taking place in the minute blood vessels beneath their suspicious mole for around 30 minutes.
and the results were compared with the information obtained--noninvasively--using the laser Doppler scan. The laser Doppler signal correctly identified 100%of the patients with malignant skin.
Professor Aneta Stefanovska of Lancaster University said:""We used our knowledge of blood flow dynamics to pick up on markers
The researchers then applied cutting-edge laser techniques to the mammalian embryo (previously used in fly
By altering the tension of the cells using lasers or genetic manipulations, researchers could change which cells move inside the embryo.
Analyzing metabolites in a single cell Based on interactions between silicon nanopost arrays (NAPA) and laser light,
however, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry techniques suffer from matrix-associated background problems that prevent the detection of small molecules at individual cell levels.
The NAPA platform consists of an array of silicon nanoposts that exhibit enhanced electromagnetic fields upon interaction with pulses of laser radiation.
and xenobiotics in a broad class of samples, making it the foundation for matrix-free laser desorption ionization.
The standard approach to squeezing light involves firing an intense laser beam at a material, usually a nonlinear crystal,
Even lasers, the most perfect light source known, carry this level of fluctuating noise. This is when things get stranger still,
In the Cambridge experiment, the researchers achieved this by shining a faint laser beam on to their artificial atom, the quantum dot.
By scattering faint laser light from the quantum dot the noise of part of the electromagnetic field was reduced to an extremely precise and low level, below the standard baseline of vacuum fluctuations.
using a carbon-dioxide laser. Although the team tried more complex designs the simplest pattern worked best.
Lamoureux patterned the Kapton with the laser cutter. The design with the very best solar-tracking promise was impossible to make at U-M
the UVM team--with support from the National Science Foundation--built a scanning laser microscope,
#Laser pulses for ultrahigh molecular sensitivity Researchers from the Attoscience and Ultrafast Optics Group led by ICREA Prof. at ICFO Jens Biegert,
Their light source exerts extreme control over mid-wave infrared laser light with unrivalled peak brilliance and single-shot spectral coverage between 6. 8 and 16.4 micron wavelength.
Each laser pulse has a duration of 66 fs which is so short that the electric field oscillates only twice.
as the scientists surrounding DESY's Franz Kärtner from the Center For free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL) point out.
as well as in building X-ray lasers. CFEL is a cooperation between DESY, the University of Hamburg and the Max Planck Society.
however it also requires significantly more powerful lasers than those needed for terahertz accelerators. The physicists underline that terahertz technology is of great interest both with regard to future linear accelerators for use in particle physics,
and as a means of building compact X-ray lasers and electron sources for use in materials research,
experimental free-electron X-ray laser (XFEL) on a laboratory scale using terahertz technology. This project is supported by a Synergy Grant of the European Research Council.
So-called free-electron lasers (FELS) generate flashes of laser light by sending high-speed electrons from a particle accelerator down an undulating path,
This is the same principle that will be used by the X-ray laser European XFEL which is currently being built by an international consortium,
Standard OCT systems gather 3d data and often require sophisticated lasers systems and light detectors,
layer by layer, using a computer-controlled laser beam that hardens the plastic. Each six-by-six inch layer takes a mere minute to complete."
Incoming plasmons, created by laser light at one end of the array, travel though this air gap between the bridges and the bottom gold layer.
such as surface markers or proteins, with flourescent probes attached to antibodies and pass those cells through lasers.
When the lasers hit them, the fluorescent probes emit different wavelengths of light, which are detected by the cytometer
The discovery has been published in the renown scientific journal Nature Materials with the title nhancement of the chemical stability in confined d-Bi2o3 wherein the DTU-researchers describe in detail how they used advanced Pulse Laser Deposition (PLD
NRL is also looking at spinel for the windows on lasers operating in maritime and other hostile environments. e got to worry about wave slap and saltwater and things like that,
(and other materials) for next generation (NEXTGEN) lasers. asers can be thought of as a box comprised of optics,
For passive laser applications, like exit apertures (windows), the key is high quality. hat window, if it got any impurities or junk,
it can absorb that laser light, says Sanghera. hen it absorbs, things heat up, which can cause the window to break.
For active laser applications, theye demonstrated how sintering can be used with materials other than spinel to make a laser that xcellent optical quality.
NRL has transitioned both types of laser materials and applications to industry. What makes NRL tick is solving problems Sanghera came to NRL in 1988,
his fiber can remote the energy from the laser, which is inside the platform, to a device on the outside,
and then shoot the laser beam out, confuse the missile. He acknowledges, n Dod, we are the premier place for development of fiber lasers.
It something we are heavily involved with all the different types of fibers and configurations and materials required to enable these eye-safer and NEXTGEN lasers.
Sanghera says that there evolution, like enhancing an existing capability by improving size, weight, and performance/power (SWAP);
#Perseverance paves way for wind laser Developing new satellite instruments is always challenging, but at times more head-scratching is needed to create something truly cutting-edge.
but its wind lasers are now ready and the task of putting the rest of the instrument together can begin
a novel wind lidar called Aladin incorporating two powerful lasers, a large telescope and very sensitive receivers.
The laser generates UV light which is beamed towards Earth. This light bounces off air molecules and small particles such as dust, ice and droplets of water in the atmosphere.
By comparing these frequencies with the original laser, the winds below the satellite can be determined.
and testing both lasers. Despite numerous setbacks in particular issues associated with them working properly in a vacuum,
Both lasers have now been delivered to Airbus Defence and Space in Toulouse, France, ready to be integrated into the rest of Aladin.
Alessandro Dttavi, the Aladin System Engineering Manager at Selex-ES Pomezia, near Rome, has worked on the laser
the team spirit and motivation has remained always high. ow that the lasers are both safely in the hands of Airbus in France we wish them well with integrating them into the Aladin instrument
Giuseppe Pulella, Programme Manager for the laser transmitter at the Selex-ES factory near Florence, added, e have been working at the forefront of optics
and laser technology for some time and encountered some pitfalls along the way. evertheless, we have overcome these with a mixture of technical solutions.
including testing the life of the spare laser, but we now feel that we have mastered the main challenges that earlier stalled its development.
The Aladin team at Airbus have had the first laser since last year and have carried already out some important tests on its optics.
However, the arrival of the second laser allows the team to move on and assemble and test the full instrument
he delivery of the second flight laser is a major achievement by Selex-ES, who have overcome major technology issues along the way. he contributions of Airbus Defence and Space,
NEW METHOD Randomly scattered laser light appears as a finely grained speckle pattern as a result of interference of many scattered light paths.
and the laser light is shone upon the scattering surface. The lens creates a speckle pattern that can be scanned on the object.
and lattice vibrations in a crystal of lithium niobate and to observe how a laser focused onto a glass plate creates a hot, rapidly expanding plume of plasma.
Such as the laser ignition of fusion, the phase transition of materials, and the dynamics of a Coulomb explosion.
the necessary clearance from laser beampaths, the high velocity of the debris ind, and the limited access for exchange once it is loaded in the DIM.
generated using laser beams, and is 100 times stronger than that of the world strongest magnets.
A superfluid with loops The team first used a combination of laser cooling and evaporative cooling methods,
the researchers used a set of lasers to create a crystalline array of atoms, or optical lattice.
The electric field of the laser beams creates what known as a periodic potential landscape, similar to an egg carton,
ultrahigh magnetic field, using laser beams to push atoms around in tiny orbits, similar to the orbits of electrons under a real magnetic field.
and two additional laser beams to control the motion of the atoms. On a flat lattice, atoms can easily move around from site to site.
In this scenario, atoms could only move with the help of laser beams. ow the laser beams could be used to make neutral atoms move around like electrons in a strong magnetic field
Using laser beams, the group could make the atoms orbit, or loop around, in a radius as small as two lattice squares, similar to how particles would move in an extremely high magnetic field. nce we had the idea,
All we had to do was take two suitable laser beams and carefully align them at specific angles,
and a half to optimize the lasers and electronic controls to avoid any extraneous pushing of the atoms,
which could make them lose their superfluid properties. t a complicated experiment, with a lot of laser beams, electronics,
showed that a special technique using a laser to detect the subtle differences in blood flow beneath the skin enabled researchers to tell the difference between malignant melanoma and non-cancerous moles.
55 patients with atypical moles agreed to have monitored their skin by researchers at Pisa University Hospital using a laser Doppler system.
The laser Doppler was used to record the complex interactions taking place in the minute blood vessels beneath their suspicious mole for around 30 minutes.
and the results were compared with the information obtained noninvasively sing the laser Doppler scan. The laser Doppler signal correctly identified 100%of the patients with malignant skin.
Professor Aneta Stefanovska of Lancaster University said: e used our knowledge of blood flow dynamics to pick up on markers
has developed a technology that fires and recaptures scattered laser light to literally ee around corners. The system sends a pulse of laser light off of a wall or surface and into a nonvisible space.
The scattering photons from the laser bounce off obstacles and make their way back to sensors in the camera.
The dimensions of that unseen space are recreated then based on the time stamp of the photons that scatter back to the camera.
directing laser pulses into suspected cave openings. The project is led by Jeff Nosanov, of Nosanov Consulting in Bethesda, Maryland.
Next they dyed the sample with 14 different dyes in a narrow emission window and excited and photoswitched the molecules with one laser.
Semiconductor lasers typically emit into elliptical beams that are really hard to work with and the new metasurface optical components could replace expensive optical systems used to circularize the beams.
The standard approach to squeezing light involves firing an intense laser beam at a material, usually a nonlinear crystal,
Even lasers the most perfect light source known, carry this level of fluctuating noise. This is when things get stranger still,
In the Cambridge experiment, the researchers achieved this by shining a faint laser beam on to their artificial atom, the quantum dot.
By scattering faint laser light from the quantum dot, the noise of part of the electromagnetic field was reduced to an extremely precise and low level
They excited motions with a laser pulse (pump pulse, red) and probed the laser-induced structural changes with a subsequent electron pulse (probe pulse, blue).
The electrons of the probe pulse scatter off the monolayer atoms (blue and yellow spheres)
SLAC Director Chi-Chang Kao said, ogether with complementary data from SLAC X-ray laser Linac Coherent Light source,
to take snapshots of a three-atom-thick layer of a promising material as it wrinkles in response to a laser pulse.
and evolve in response to laser light. Researchers at SLAC placed their monolayer samples which were prepared by Linyou Cao group at North carolina State university, into a beam of very energetic electrons.
If a laser pulse heats the monolayer up, it sends ripples through the layer. These wrinkles,
The team then used ultrashort laser pulses to excite motions in the material, which cause the scattering pattern to change over time. ombined with theoretical calculations,
The technique relies on analysis of reflected light from short laser pulses to gain information about magnetization.
the physics of optical diffraction limit how small a laser spot can be used, which ultimately limits the resolution of the technique.
In the past, surgeons could not see the laser beam through the standard stereomicroscope, nor anatomical details in the NIR images.
It can also be treated with a procedure called cardiac ablation that burns away the malfunctioning cells using a high-powered laser that threaded into the heart on a catheter.
The laser also damages surrounding cells which can cause artery damage and other serious problems.
and destroy the cells with a far more precise technique that uses low-level red light illumination instead of a high power laser.
and high power lasers char the tissue in the heart. This treatment is much easier and much safer.
#Laser-printed holograms could enable'smart windows'Making holograms isn't easy-it requires expensive equipment, complex physics and time-consuming recording techniques.
which splits a laser pulse into two beams to create an interference pattern on a surface.
Haider Butt and his colleagues overcame those problems using a nanosecond laser than can print ink holograms about a square centimetre in size in just five nanoseconds."
"Our oxide is deposited through pulsed laser ablation (i e. a strong laser pulse literally blows off some of the material which travels across a chamber and sticks onto a substrate,
not unlike how you would get splashed if you throw a ball hard enough into water),
Li and Phillips are developing a new laser-based technology known as the green astro-comb for use with the radial velocity method
The astro-comb works by injecting 8000 lines of laser light into the spectrograph. They hit the same pixels as starlight of the same wavelength.
since the researchers needed to convert red laser light to green frequencies. They did it by making small fibers that convert one color of light to another.
and using the correlations between those particles The JQI experiment starts out with a laser beam,
and are no longer coordinated in space and time (in contrast to laser light). Experiments more than a decade ago,
if laser light is available? Because in many measurement environments (such as light coming from astronomical sources) coherent light is not available,
The ability to mold inorganic nanoparticles out of materials such as gold and silver in precisely designed 3d shapes is a significant breakthrough that has the potential to advance laser technology microscopy solar cells electronics environmental testing disease
and manufacture it more efficiently using an optimized laser process. Transformers convert the standard voltage from the wall outlet into the lower voltages required by electronic devices.
This results in a lower heat development and thus reduces the material's hysteresis loss says Dr. Andreas Wetzig who heads the laser ablation
Laser processing has long become established as the preferred method for this type of heat treatment.
While the steel sheet measuring around one meter in width moves forward at a rate of more than 100 meters per minute a focused laser beam travels at very high speed (approximately 200 meters per second) from side to side
We have developed a means of deflecting the laser beam that allows the distance between the paths to be controlled flexibly
which is used to deflect the laser beam. This increases the flexibility of the machining process and allows it to be adapted to specific conditions such as the quality of the raw material and to different production rates.
The main aim of this research is to facilitate the integration of laser processing in existing production environments in order to save time and costs.
In a further effort to reduce hysteresis loss in electrical steel the researchers have started recently working with a new type of solid-state laser:
the fiber laser. The results we have obtained so far are very promising. This type of laser offers better heat absorption characteristics than traditional CO2 lasers says Wetzig.
It cuts hysteresis loss by up to 15 percent compared with the 10 percent normally achieved until now.
The benefits of laser processing in the case of non-grain-oriented electrical steel vary according to the working point of the specific engine or motor.
#How metallic alloys reorganize during microscale laser melting processes: Elements of successful connections High-power lasers that can selectively cut
and join metallic products are becoming increasingly important in today's manufacturing industry. Now, Yingchun Guan from the A*STAR Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology and her co-workers have developed a technique that reveals exactly how molten elements vaporize
and move about inside a laser-generated surface'plume'1--findings that can advance additive manufacturing techniques used to print three-dimensional (3d) objects.
Recently, the A*STAR team demonstrated that laser surface melting of these alloys enhances their corrosion resistance as a result of a notable enhancement in the surface concentration of aluminum.
however, to make the link between the initial alloy composition and the final product after laser processing,
as many complex interactions occur in the cloudlike plume of laser-generated vapor particles. Guan and her team designed a new experimental setup that can quantify
which molten alloy elements are ejected into the laser plume. They positioned a thin silicon substrate perpendicular to a Mg-Al-based alloy a few millimeters from the laser firing point.
Laser pulses then generated a plume that deposited onto the silicon surface. When the researchers used a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to examine the deposits,
they saw clear evidence of a phase explosion--a mixture of liquid and vaporized particles thrown out by the laser impact.
These liquid deposits rendered many sections of the silicon wafer unsuitable for quantitative analysis. But by combining the element-identifying capability of the SEM with time-of-flight mass spectrometry,
the population of Al ions rises in the middle of the near-field region close to the laser firing point.
"Our chemical analysis of the transport rates and distribution of vaporized species in the plume offers improved understanding of critical laser processes, including those used in additive manufacturing,
#Laser comb system maps 3-D surfaces remotely for manufacturing, forensics Researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have demonstrated a laser-based imaging system that creates high-definition 3d maps of surfaces from as far away as 10.5 meters.
The method may be useful in diverse fields including precision machining and assembly as well as in forensics.
NIST's 3d mapping system combines a form of laser detection and ranging (LADAR) which is sensitive enough to detect weak reflected light with the ranging accuracy made possible by frequency combs as previously demonstrated at NIST.
The frequency comb a tool for precisely measuring different frequencies of light is used to continuously calibrate the laser in the imaging system.
Operating with laser power of just 9 milliwatts --which is safe for the eyes at the instrument's infrared wavelength--NIST's 3d mapping system scans a target object point by point across a grid measuring the distance to each point.
LADAR typically measures distance based on the round-trip flight time of laser light which reflects off the target
In the NIST LADAR system the laser sweeps continuously across a band of frequencies. The initial laser output is combined with the reflected light
and the resulting beat signals are converted to voltage and analyzed by digital signal processing to generate time delay data
However by including a frequency comb to continuously calibrate the swept laser the NIST system can operate much more rapidly yielding one measurement point every half a millisecond
Comb-calibrated laser ranging for three-dimensional surface profiling with micrometer-level precision at a distance.
#Laser scientists create portable sensor for nitrous oxide, methane Rice university scientists have created a highly sensitive portable sensor to test the air for the most damaging greenhouse gases.
and laser pioneer Frank Tittel and his group uses a thumbnail-sized quantum cascade laser (QCL) as well as tuning forks that cost no more than a dime to detect very small amounts of nitrous oxide and methane.
That allows for far better detection of gases than more common lasers that operate in the near-infrared.
and is far better able to detect trace amounts of gas than lasers used in the past.
"The laser beam is focused between the two prongs of the quartz tuning fork. When light at a specific wavelength is absorbed by the gas of interest,
Co-authors include Rice graduate student Wenzhe Jiang and former Rice Laser Science Group members Przemystaw Stefanski, Rafat Lewicki, Jiawei Zhang and Jan Tarka.
The optical lattice was generated using two laser beams traveling in opposite directions, whose fields add up to form a sinusoidal periodic pattern in one dimension.
and then cooled them down with more laser light to just above absolute zero. The charged atoms can then be trapped using voltages applied to nearby metallic surfaces.
Mass-Selected Photoelectron Circular Dichroism (MS-PECD) uses circularly polarised light produced by a laser to ionise the molecules using a couple of photons to knock an electron out of the chiral molecule to leave a positively charged ion behind.
either forwards or backwards along the laser beam it is possible to distinguish between left and right handed molecules with an accuracy of up to several tens of per cent rather than a fraction of a per cent.
Instead of using lasers or cameras and algorithms or satellite GPS, this is guided by a cable that emits a electromagnetic signal.
#The First White Laser Scientists and engineers at Arizona State university, in Tempe, have created the first lasers that can shine light over the full spectrum of visible colors.
The device inventors suggest the laser could find use in video displays, solid-state lighting, and a laser-based version of Wi-fi. Although previous research has created red, blue, green and other lasers,
each of these lasers usually only emitted one color of light. Creating a monolithic structure capable of emitting red, green,
and blue all at once has proven difficult because it requires combining very different semiconductors. Growing such mismatched crystals right next to each other often results in fatal defects throughout each of these materials.
Lasers could be far more energy-efficient than LEDS: While LED-based lighting produces up to about 150 lumens per watt of electricity,
lasers could produce more than 400 lumens per watt, says Cun-Zheng Ning, a physicist and electrical engineer at Arizona State university at Tempe who worked on the laser.
In addition, he says that white lasers could also lead to video displays with more vivid colors and higher contrast than conventional displays.
Another important potential application could be"Li-Fi, "the use of light to connect devices to the Interenet.
He suggests white-laser based Li-Fi could be 10 to 100 times faster than LED-based Li-Fi,
because the lasers can encode data much faster than white LEDS. In the future, the scientists plan to explore
whether they can excite these lasers with electricity instead of with light pulses. They detailed their findings online 27 july in the journal Nature Nanotechnology N
#Laser-Radio links Upgrade the Internet The rise of Wi-fi and cellular data services made Internet access more convenient and ubiquitous.
Technology that uses parallel radio and laser links to move data through the air at high speeds,
AOPTIX technology takes the form of a box roughly the size of a coffee table with an infrared laser peering out of a small window on the front,
AOPTIX teamed up the laser and radio links to compensate for weaknesses with either technology used alone.
Laser beams are blocked by fog, while millimeter wave radio signals are absorbed by rain. Routing data over both simultaneously provides redundancy that allows an AOPTIX link to guarantee a rate of two gigabits per second with only five minutes or less downtime in a year,
The radio and laser equipment inside an AOPTIX device move automatically to compensate for the swaying of a cell tower caused by wind.
AOPTIX originally developed its laser technology for the Pentagon, designing systems that actively steer laser beams to keep data moving between ground stations, drones, and fighter jets.
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