Described in The Optical Society (OSA) journal, Optics Express, the new approach involves bouncing laser light off individual bacteria under the microscope,
"Employing laser holographic techniques, we achieved rapid and label-free identification of bacterial species at the single bacterium level with a single-shot measurement,
the group said it had employed ultrafast femtosecond lasers to produce a three-dimensional single crystal capable of guiding light waves through glass with little loss of light.
The article, published May 19, is titled"Direct laser-writing of ferroelectric single-crystal waveguide architectures in glass for 3d integrated optics."
therefore essential for 3d laser-fabrication of PICS to achieve its full potential.""To pattern crystals in glass, the Lehigh-led group employed femtosecond lasers,
whose speed and precision make them useful for cataract and other eye surgeries. A femtosecond is one-quadrillionth,
Pulses emitted by femtosecond lasers last between a few femtoseconds and hundreds of femtoseconds. Scientists have been attempting for years to make crystals in glass in order to prevent light from being scattered as light signals are transmitted,
"The femtosecond laser provides several critical advantages, say Dierolf and Jain. The high intensity of the laser pulse enables nonlinear optical absorption.
The precise focus enables researchers to control where the laser is focused and where light is absorbed."
"We can heat the glass only locally, "says Jain, "creating the desired conditions and causing the glass to melt,
"The unique focus of the femtosecond laser also makes it possible to"write"the crystal inside the glass and not on its surface."
"Somehow, you have to get the laser inside the glass before you turn it on.
We do that by exploiting a property of the femtosecond lasers--that only at the focal point of the laser is there sufficient intensity to cause the change you want."
"If you double the intensity of the laser, you might get 20 to 100 times more absorption.
and ultrafast heat current created by picosecond--one trillionth of a second--pulses of laser light,"Cahill added."
and X-ray Free electron lasers create much brighter X-rays with higher fluxes. Wedged MLLS are expected to enable the maximization of this technology at the atomic scale.
as well as miniature NS honeycomb cells, from nylon using selective laser sintering for experimentation. NS honeycombs can be made from a variety of materials to suit distinct applications.
Arrayat the fair, the FBH exhibits novel dual-wavelength diode lasers that are suitable for use in miniaturized, portable laser measurement systems for Raman spectroscopy applications.
The laser sources alternatingly emit light from only one chip at two different stabilized wavelengths, which are defined by gratings implemented into the semiconductor chip.
Wavelength selection is realized by separately addressable sections within the laser. The innovative diode laser chip is ideally applicable for SERDS (Shifted Excitation Raman Difference Spectroscopy),
enabling to measure Raman spectra under real-world conditions even in highly fluorescent environments and when exposed to daylight.
With these FBH tiny monolithic light sources on chip level, a compact SERDS measurement head that is only as small as a laser pointer was realized for the first time.
Arrayfiber-coupled demonstrators newly developed at FBH for industrial use aim at integrating laser radiation with high spectral brightness into various systems
Now, efficient and compact laser sources are at hand emitting in the near-infrared on multi-watt level (CW operation) with a narrow-band spectrum and a stigmatic, nearly Gaussian laser beam
Such sources are demanded highly for the pumping of solid-state lasers and frequency doubling. On a footprint of less than 10 cm2, the micro module integrates a 1064 nm distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) tapered laser,
a micro-optical assembly designed to maintain brightness and mounted with sub-micrometer precision and temperature-stabilizing components.
Arraythe institute develops highly brilliant diode lasers in a great variety of designs and packages, covering the wavelength range from 630 nm to 1180 nm.
For rapid prototyping applications the FBH has developed DBR ridge waveguide (RW) lasers with 24 individually addressable emitters featuring a wavelength spacing>0. 3 nm and a spectral width<1 pm.
and the Center for Functional Nanomaterials at the U s. Department of energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory, has demonstrated a new process to construct such diamond nanocavities in
The fabrication of the optical cavities relied on a new silicon hard-mask fabrication process that applies mature semiconductor fabrication methods for patterning high-quality photonic devices into unconventional substrates.
#Sweeping lasers snap together nanoscale geometric grids Now, scientists at the U s. Department of energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory have developed a new technique to rapidly create nano-structured grids for functional materials with unprecedented versatility."
Here, an intensely hot laser swept across the sample to transform disordered polymer blocks into precise arrangements in just seconds."
"Our laser technique forces the materials to assemble in a particular way. We can then build structures layer-by-layer,
"Arrayfor the first step in grid construction, the team took advantage of their recent invention of laser zone annealing (LZA) to produce the extremely localized thermal spikes needed to drive ultra-fast self-assembly.
The sweeping laser's heat causes the elastic layer to expand--like shrinkwrap in reverse
"The direction of the laser sweeping across each unassembled layer determines the orientation of the nanowire rows,
"We shift that laser direction on each layer, and the way the rows intersect and overlap shapes the grid.
Now, a team of scientists of the Laser spectroscopy Division of Prof. Theodor W. Hänsch (Director at the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics and Chair for Experimental Physics at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich) has developed a technique where an optical microcavity is used to enhance the signals
Laser light is coupled into the resonator through this fibre. The plane mirror is moved point by point with respect to the fibre
and neodymium using one of the world's fastest lasers, housed in the UW-Madison geoscience department.
"Heating with traditional lasers gave spurious results.""It took three years to perfect the working of the laser and associated mass spectrometry instruments,
Li says. Previous probes of the source of banded iron had focused on iron isotopes.""There has been debate about
The MSU researchers found that by shooting an ultrafast laser pulse into the material, its properties would change
By varying the wavelengths and intensities of the laser pulses, the researchers were able to observe phases with different properties that are captured on the femtosecond timescale.
"The laser pulses act like dopants that temporarily weaken the glue that binds charges and ions together in the materials at a speed that is ultrafast and allow new electronic phases to spontaneously form to engineer new properties,
Polyu researchers have developed a simplified method for direct analysis of edible oils using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). In the new MALDI-MS
in collaboration with Michael Thompson, associate professor of materials science and engineering, got around this issue by using extremely short melt periods induced by a laser.
if the silicon is heated by laser pulses just nanoseconds long. At such short time scales, silicon can be heated to a liquid,
They first used a carbon dioxide laser in Thompson's lab to"write"the nanoporous materials onto a silicon wafer.
Writing lines in the film with the laser, the block copolymer decomposed, acting like a positive-tone resist,
#Better memory with faster lasers By studying the effect of femtosecond laser pulses on the types of materials used to make DVDS,
When the laser light interacts with a phase-change material, its atomic structure changes from an ordered crystalline arrangement to a more disordered,
"Today, nanosecond lasers--lasers that pulse light at one-billionth of a second--are used to record information on DVDS and Blu-ray disks,
The speed with which data can be recorded is determined both by the speed of the laser--that is,
Thus, with a nanosecond laser,"the fastest you can record information is one information unit
people have started to use femtosecond lasers, which can potentially record one unit every one millionth of a billionth of a second.
when it is hit by a femtosecond laser pulse. In UEC, a sample of crystalline Gete is bombarded with a femtosecond laser pulse,
followed by a pulse of electrons. The laser pulse causes the atomic structure to change from the crystalline to other structures
and then ultimately to the amorphous state. Then, when the electron pulse hits the sample, its electrons scatter in a pattern that provides a picture of the sample's atomic configuration as a function of the time.
the structural shift in Gete caused by the laser pulses. However, they also saw something more:
regardless of the laser speeds used.""Even if there is a laser faster than a femtosecond laser,
there will be a limit as to how fast this transition can occur and information can be recorded, just because of the physics of these phase-change materials,
ROM storage, including CDS and DVDS, uses phase-change materials and lasers to store information. Although ROM records
#Noninvasive device could end daily finger pricking for people with diabetes A new laser sensor that monitors blood glucose levels without penetrating the skin could transform the lives of millions of people living with diabetes.
uses a small device with low-powered lasers to measure blood glucose levels without penetrating the skin.
"At the heart of the new technology is a piece of nano-engineered silica glass with ions that fluoresce in infrared light when a low power laser light hits them.
The work is based on an X-ray laser experiment at the Department of energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory.
X-ray laser Best Tool for Tiny Samples Xu said he first learned about the benefits of using SLAC's X-ray laser for protein studies in 2012.
"Catching Your Eye Fove's eye-tracking technology employs infrared lasers that bounce light off the wearer's retinas to determine how the eyes are angled.
or use a laser. It is capable of working 10 times faster and with more accuracy than a surgeon hands when performing intricate procedures.
#Laser-generated surface structures create extremely water-repellent metals Super-hydrophobic properties could lead to applications in solar panels,
sanitation and as rust-free metals Scientists at the University of Rochester have used lasers to transform metals into extremely water repellent,
Guo and his colleague at the University Institute of Optics, Anatoliy Vorobyev, describe a powerful and precise laser-patterning technique that creates an intricate pattern of micro
This work builds on earlier research by the team in which they used a similar laser-patterning technique that turned metals black.
Guo adds that one of the big advantages of his team process is that he structures created by our laser on the metals are intrinsically part of the material surface.
Unlike Guo laser-treated metals, the Teflon kitchen tools are not super-hydrophobic. The difference is that to make water to roll off a Teflon coated material
but ultra-short laser pulses to change the surface of the metals. A femtosecond laser pulse lasts on the order of a quadrillionth of a second
but reaches a peak power equivalent to that of the entire power grid of North america during its short burst.
Guo team had blasted previously materials with the lasers and turned them hydrophilic, meaning they attract water.
Guo team is now planning on focusing on increasing the speed of patterning the surfaces with the laser,
delivering 10 to 100 times faster 3d imaging speeds than laser scanning confocal, two-photon,
#New laser could upgrade the images in tomorrow#s technology A new semiconductor laser developed at Yale has the potential to significantly improve the imaging quality of the next generation of high-tech microscopes laser projectors photo
Based on a chaotic cavity laser the technology combines the brightness of traditional lasers with the lower image corruption of light emitting diodes (LEDS.
The new laser is described in a paper in the Jan 19 online edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
and biomedical engineering and diagnostic radiology. his chaotic cavity laser is a great example of basic research ultimately leading to a potentially important invention for the social goodsaid co-author A. Douglas Stone the Carl A. Morse Professor
and chair of applied physics and professor of physics. ll of the foundational work was motivated primarily by a desire to understand certain classes of lasers random and chaotic with no known applications.
Eventually with input from other disciplines we discovered that these lasers are suited uniquely for a wide class of problems in imaging
when traditional lasers are used. A way to avoid such distortion is by using LED light sources.
The new electrically pumped semiconductor laser offers a different approach. It produces an intense emission
and of physics who is the paper corresponding author. s we showed in the paper the standard edge-emitting laser produced speckle contrast of 50
%while our laser has the speckle contrast of 3%.So our new laser has eliminated completely the issue of coherent artifact for full-field imaging. o-author Michael A. Choma assistant professor of diagnostic radiology pediatrics
and biomedical engineering said laser speckle is a major barrier in the development of certain classes of clinical diagnostics that use light. t is tremendously rewarding to work with a team of colleagues to
and tested the new laser. Lee and Huang grew the laser semiconductor wafer via molecular beam epitaxy
and helped in fabrication and testing. Choma aided in the design and performance criteria for the laser provided expertise in spatial coherence
and speckle in imaging and is working with Redding to apply the laser for full-field imaging at Yale School of medicine.
Stone and Cerjan modeled the laser and analyzed its characteristics e
#Tattoo-like sensor can detect glucose levels without a painful finger prick Scientists have developed the first ultra-thin flexible device that sticks to skin like a rub-on tattoo
and can detect a person glucose levels. The sensor reported in a proof-of-concept study in the ACS journal Analytical Chemistry has the potential to eliminate finger-pricking for many people with diabetes.
A sophisticated laser system sends laser beams into different directions. Therefore different pictures are visible from different angles.
But the crucial point is that the individual laser pixels work. Scaling it up to a display with many pixels is not a problemsays Jörg Reitterer (Trilite Technologies and Phd-student in the team of Professor Ulrich Schmid at the Vienna University of Technology.
Every single 3d-Pixel (also called rixel consists of lasers and a moveable mirror. he mirror directs the laser beams across the field of vision from left to right.
During that movement the laser intensity is modulated so that different laser flashes are sent into different directionssays Ulrich Schmid.
To experience the 3d effect the viewer must be positioned in a certain distance range from the screen.
If the distance is too large both eyes receive the same image and only a normal 2d picture can be seen.
#Laser-induced graphene#super#for electronics Rice university scientists advanced their recent development of laser-induced graphene (LIG) by producing
The Rice lab of chemist James Tour discovered last year that firing a laser at an inexpensive polymer burned off other elements and left a film of porous graphene, the much-studied atom-thick
since their work to make vertically aligned supercapacitors with laser-induced graphene on both sides of a polymer sheet.
It done on a commercial laser system as found in routine machine shops, in the open air. Ripples, wrinkles and sub-10-nanometer pores in the surface and atomic-level imperfections give LIG its ability to store a lot of energy.
Research findings are detailed in a cover paper appearing in the Jan 15 issue of Laser & Photonics Reviews.
When exposed to a laser light, the system rises from its round stateto an excited state,
We envisage a new generation of optoelectronic devices to stem from this work, from simple transparent lighting and lasers and to more complex applications.
#New technology makes creating ultrashort infrared laser pulses easy and cheap In a marathon everyone starts at roughly the same place at roughly the same time.
It is possible to use a medium to make a laser pulse shorter. Scientists at the Vienna University of Technology have found a way to compress intense laser pulses by a factor of 20 to just 4. 5 just by sending them through a cleverly designed hollow fibre.
The compressed laser pulse only consists of a single oscillation of light. This tabletop technology is much simpler and cheaper than previously used complicated setups.
It has now been published in ature Communicationshollow Fibre Filled with Gasan infrared laser pulse is sent into a hollow fibre filled with gas.
The nonlinear interaction between the light and the gas atoms in the special fibre makes different wavelengths travel at different velocities.
The combination of these two opposing effects leads to a compression of the laser pulse. It is like sending off a long line of marathon runners
For years extremely short infrared laser pulses have been used to unravel the secrets of the quantum world.
Up until now complicated setups had to be used to create these femtosecond laser pulses. Usually the different wavelengths of the pulse have to be manipulated with intricate mirror systems to compress the pulse.
New Tool for Further Researchin their recent publication the researchers at the Vienna University of Technology have demonstrated already that their laser pulses can be used for highly advanced experiments:
Depending on the exact shape of the laser pulse the electrons ripped away from the xenon atoms can be sent into different directions. t is an ultrafast electron switchsays Tadas Balciunas.
Having a femtosecond laser system which is cheap small and easy to use could turn out to be a boost for attosecond science and ultrafast laser research in general s
#Nanoscale mirrored cavities amplify connect quantum memories The idea of computing systems based on controlling atomic spins just got a boost from new research performed at the Massachusetts institute of technology (MIT) and the U s. Department of energy (DOE) Brookhaven National Laboratory.
we build an optical cavity trap for photonsround the NV, Englund said. These cavities, nanofabricated at Brookhaven by MIT graduate student Luozhou Li with the help of staff scientist Ming Lu of the CFN, consist of layers of diamond
Pulses of laser light heat the left side of the sample and create an intense current of heat passing through the Co,
and ultrafast heat current created by picosecondne trillionth of a secondulses of laser light, Cahill added. his heat current has the impressively large magnitude of 100 GW per square meter
Slits cut into the outer layers by a laser cutter guide the folding process. If two slits on opposite sides of the sheet are of different widths
The lasers and optics are on the right. Image credit: Burrus/NISTTHE technology was designed to track the machinery of biological cells, down to the tiniest bits of DNA, a single ase pairof nucleotides among the 3 billion of these chemical units in human genes.
The method uses two lasers to measure the positions of opposite ends of a molecule,
Crucially, the JILA team verified the stability of the technique by using the two lasers to make two separate, independent measurements of a single sample.
if it is the sample or the lasers moving, Perkins explains. his technology excites me because it opens the door to measuring the tiniest protein motions,
But the scientists, in collaboration with Michael Thompson, associate professor of materials science and engineering, got around this issue by using extremely short melt periods induced by a laser.
if the silicon is heated by laser pulses just nanoseconds long. At such short time scales, silicon can be heated to a liquid,
They first used a carbon dioxide laser in Thompson lab to ritethe nanoporous materials onto a silicon wafer.
Writing lines in the film with the laser, the block copolymer decomposed, acting like a positive-tone resist,
when they made mice that have light-sensitive VTA neurons stay on one side of a cage by commanding the implant to shine laser pulses on the cells.
said Hofmann. t a flexible platform that can be used for different technologies. ossible applications for this technique range from atomically perfect buried interconnects to single-electron transistors, high-density memories, light emission, semiconductor lasers,
#Scientists determine structure of important drug target using groundbreaking X-ray laser approach Using the brightest X-ray laser in the world,
This graphic shows the light-sensitive protein complex rhodopsin-arrestin imaged via femtosecond X-ray laser. Photo by:
Jason Drees for the Biodesign Institutethe study, rystal Structure of Rhodopsin Bound to Arrestin Determined by Femtosecond X-ray laser,
and unravel its structure using Free electron lasers. This is a huge step forward and provides an excellent guide for developing new drugs with fewer side effects. esearchers at the Center for Applied Structural Discovery helped to pioneer a new technique called femtosecond crystallography,
which takes advantage of a cutting edge X-ray Free electron laser (XFEL) instrument at the Department of energy (DOE) SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford.
and a dramatic demonstration of the power of the X-ray laser at the SLAC DOE National Laboratory to reveal new molecular structures
While lasers can fit this requirement, they are too energy-hungry and unwieldy to integrate into computer chips.
When a laser shines on the surface of a silver cube just 75 nanometers wide,
and off at more than 90 gigahertz. here is great interest in replacing lasers with LEDS for short-distance optical communication,
#Researchers demonstrate the world first white lasers While lasers were invented in 1960 and are used commonly in many applications,
one characteristic of the technology has proven unattainable. No one has been able to create a laser that beams white light.
Researchers at Arizona State university have solved the puzzle. They have proven that semiconductor lasers are capable of emitting over the full visible color spectrum,
which is necessary to produce a white laser. The researchers have created a novel nanosheet a thin layer of semiconductor that measures roughly one-fifth of the thickness of human hair in size with a thickness that is roughly one-thousandth of the thickness of human hair with three
parallel segments each supporting laser action in one of three elementary colors. The device is capable of lasing in any visible color, completely tunable from red, green to blue,
or any color in between. When the total field is collected, a white color emerges. The researchers, engineers in ASU Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, published their findings in the online publication of the journal Nature Nanotechnology.
Cun-Zheng Ning, professor in the School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, authored the paper, monolithic white laser, with his doctoral students Fan Fan, Sunay Turkdogan, Zhicheng Liu
The technological advance puts lasers one step closer to being a mainstream light source and potential replacement or alternative to light emitting diodes (LEDS.
Lasers are brighter, more energy efficient, and can potentially provide more accurate and vivid colors for displays like computer screens and televisions.
and white laser Li-Fi could be 10 to 100 times faster than LED based Li-Fi currently still under development. he concept of white lasers first seems counterintuitive
because the light from a typical laser contains exactly one color, a specific wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum, rather than a broad-range of different wavelengths.
Sandia National Labs in 2011 produced high-quality white light from four separate large lasers. The researchers showed that the human eye is as comfortable with white light generated by diode lasers as with that produced by LEDS,
inspiring others to advance the technology. hile this pioneering proof-of-concept demonstration is impressive,
those independent lasers cannot be used for room lighting or in displays, Ning said. single tiny piece of semiconductor material emitting laser light in all colors
or in white is desired. Semiconductors, usually a solid chemical element or compound arranged into crystals, are used widely for computer chips or for light generation in telecommunication systems.
and are used to make lasers and LEDS because they can emit light of a specific color
and energy bandgaps. ur goal is to achieve a single semiconductor piece capable of laser operation in the three fundamental lasing colors.
Later on they realized simultaneous laser operation in green and red from a single semiconductor nanosheet or nanowires.
if a single white laser is ever possible. Blue, necessary to produce white, proved to be a greater challenge with its wide energy bandgap
which is required to demonstrate eventual white lasers, said Turkdogan, who is now assistant professor at University of Yalova in Turkey.
and an important breakthrough that finally made it possible to grow a single piece of structure containing three segments of different semiconductors emitting all needed colors and the white lasers possible.
significant obstacles remain to make such white lasers applicable for real-life lighting or display applications.
One of crucial next steps is to achieve the similar white lasers under the drive of a battery.
For the present demonstration, the researchers had to use a laser light to pump electrons to emit light.
and will lay the groundwork for the eventual white lasers under electrical operation
#Scientists create functional liver cells from stem cells Major implications for liver biology and drug discovery The liver plays a critical role in human metabolism.
They also determined the nonlinear optical response of the nanosheets to a pulsed laser by measuring the amount of light that is transmitted.
but POWERFUL LASER suitable for very SMALL sharks Shrinking the scale of semiconductor materials to help build powerful quantum computing systems has proved to be a real head-scratcher for scientists.
said that researchers had created the smallest laser possible powered by single electrons that burrow through quantum dots.
"is a minuscule microwave laser that demonstrates how light and moving electrons interact with each other, said Princeton university.
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011