#New evidence suggests giant ocean on Mars CALTECH (US) esearchers have found signs of an ancient delta on Mars where a river might have emptied once into a vast ocean.
could have covered much of Mars northern hemispheretretching over as much as a third of the planet. cientists have hypothesized long that the northern lowlands of Mars are a dried-up ocean bottom,
Most of the northern hemisphere of Mars is flat and at a lower elevation than the southern hemisphere,
Researchers used new high-resolution images from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) to study a 100-square-kilometer area that sits right on this possible former coastline.
of Mars, says Dibiase, lead author of the paper published in the Journal of Geophysical Research.
This large body of water could be the ocean that has been hypothesized to have covered a third of the planet.
and that of othersncluding the Curiosity rovercientists are finding a rich sedimentary record on Mars that is revealing its past environments,
and potentially oceans, Lamb says. oth the ancient environments on Mars and the planet sedimentary archive of these environments are turning out to be surprisingly Earthlike.
This research was supported by the National Science Foundation NASA, and Caltech
#Graphene#s jagged edge can easily slice cells Brown University right Original Study Posted by Kevin Stacey-Brown on July 10 2013brown (US) the jagged edges of tiny graphene sheets
a science fiction idea of a space elevator that could connect an orbiting satellite to Earth by a long cord that might consist of sheets of CVD graphene,
#It is one of the most durable construction materials on the planet and that was no accident.
#Earth-friendly alternativewhile Roman concrete is durable it#s unlikely to replace modern concrete because it is not ideal for construction where faster hardening is needed.
But the researchers are now finding ways to apply their discoveries about Roman concrete to the development of more earth-friendly and durable modern concrete.
When this weather heads in the direction of Earth it can damage satellites endanger astronauts on the International space station and cause power grid outages on the ground.
Chances are the weather data you use to determine the answer comes from the roughly 20 satellites orbiting Earth that monitor weather systems.
Spire will have 20 satellites orbiting Earth by the end of this year, and at least 100 3. 5 years from now if all goes according to plan.
temperature and pressure the three main ingredients of weather forecasting of Earth atmosphere. The sensors are attached to satellites designed to only last a few years.
Many of the earliest entrants, such as Planet Labs, have been focusing on imaging. Big players like Spacex and Google are looking at satellite-based internet.
#Humancar aims for a healthy planet with healthy drivers At first glance it might look a bit like an elongated pedal car for kids,
So not only is it healthy for the planet it is healthy for the occupants too.
Humancar aims for a healthy planet with healthy drivers History The Humancar is the brainchild of Chief Scientist/Engineer Charles Samuel Greenwood P. E.,who first hit upon the idea for a human
Humancar aims for a healthy planet with healthy drivers NEV The innovative vehicle is dubbed an NEV because it falls into the U s. Department of transportation Neighborhood Electric vehicle (NEV) classification for low speed vehicles.
reasonably priced alternative that not only helps the planet, but helps the health of its occupants too.
which is 50 million times weaker than the Earth's magnetic field.""By making an inexpensive system you could have one in every hospital to test for traumatic brain injuries
#NASA probe will reveal 3d architecture of forests from space NASA is developing a laser-based instrument for deployment on the International space station that will probe the depths of Earth's forests from space in a bid to reveal more about their role in the planet's carbon cycle.
After its completion in 2018, this Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) lidar will join the likes of the Soil Moisture Active Passive satellite in studying Earth's vegetation on a global scale."
"GEDI will be a tremendous new resource for studying Earth's vegetation, "said Piers Sellers, deputy director of the Sciences and Exploration Directorate at NASA'S GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER."
when combined with the historical record of changes captured by the U s. longstanding program of Earth-orbiting satellites, such as Landsat and MODIS."
and the other directed to earth, is connected by similar challenges, "says Carlos Ghosn, president and CEO of Nissan motor company."
such as the mountains of Mars or driving cross town in the rush hour. Source: Nissa s
Contrast that now to oil, black gold, one of the rarest of substances on the Planet Earth.
Oil is found perhaps in the most dangerous, volatile, unstable areas of the Planet Earth."
and it's essential for the future sustainability of the planet that these vehicles are able to cope with the increasing demands being put on them.
Affectiva s clients include Unilever, Mars and Coca-cola. The advertising research agency Millward Brown#says it has used Affectiva s technology to test about 3, 000 ads for clients.
if there was any interruption at the earth station.####Aircraft can safely traverse the beam and tests have demonstrated that even the sensitive honeybee is unaffected,
half the planet s population may be served best with pay-as-you-go solar technology, not grid services.
perhaps, depleting) planet.####Meat will become a luxury food and will become very expensive, ##Professor Post said.
Because electricity moves through the air as magnetic waves that are similar to the earth s magnetic waves,
The earth atmosphere is a far more elegant water distribution system than rivers, reservoirs, and underground waterways.
Last month, Greenpeace released a short video that imagines a future in which swarms of robotic bees have been deployed to save our planet after the real insects go extinct.
and a meter is a meter anywhere on the planet because of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures.
and video of Earth taken from afar. In announcing the deal Tuesday, Google#said#the buyout will help bolster Google maps by keeping the service accurate with up-to-date images.
Earth appetite for power continues to grow. Since the 1960s, power consumption has quadrupled around the globe,
and beaming it to earth has been around ever since Dr. Peter Glaser first proposed it in 1968.
neither the giant solar collectors in geosynchronous orbit nor the beaming microwaves, coming down to the island from 24,000 miles above Earth.
which will be closer to Earth, will experience more gravitational pull down toward the planet and less centrifugal force away from it,
while the bus will be tugged upward by the opposite effects. This balancing of forces will keep the satellite in a stable orbit,
the amount of sunlight that hits it varies greatly as the geosynchronous satellite and Earth spin.
#IBM creates a solar magnifying glass that could power the Earth IBM, the American multinational technology and consulting corporation are renowned the world over for being technology leaders
and build a smarter planet. Their latest creation is being considered as one of their best projects yet.
and reach across the most remote corners of earth. Although the total purchase sum was undisclosed,
The intention is to collect real-time, high-resolution images of the earth, and to bring greater depth
or Western union apparently fail to meet the requirements to be discussed in virtually every central bank on the planet,
and became a good of such universal value it slowly became the de facto means of exchange (along with silver) across much of the planet,
#Discovery of water-containing gem points to vast oceans beneath the Earth The Earth transition zone is the part of the Earth that exists between the upper and lower mantle.
there is water, possibly massive oceans of it, deep beneath the Earth surface. The tiny gem was an accidental find
exists deep within the Earth, at least 300 miles beneath its surface, in the transition zone.
Geologists believe that volcanic activity pushed this particular rock up to Earth surface. Having a piece of the Earth transition zone available,
geologists spent several years testing it. Their final results showed that the gem contained 1. 5 percent of its weight in water.
This discovery proves the theory that the Earth transition zone not only contains water but might also contain more water than every surface ocean combined.
Because it so difficult to dig a hole deep enough to reach even the upper mantle of the Earth
what we know about Earth and its composition o
#Controversy brews over use of autonomous killer robots in war People are promised their quality of life will improve with the advances of technology,
and recorded across hundreds of servers at all corners of the earth. Consultant Andreas M. Antonopoulos, echoing a 2012 white paper by software developer J. R. Willett,
The system then combines the field data with a diversity of public data from the National oceanic and atmospheric administration the National aeronautics and space administration and the U s. Geological Survey and private data from companies like Earth Networks.
U k. emissions from fossil fuel burning in 2010 were 494 million tons of CO2 said Pieter Tans of the U s. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's Earth System Research Laboratory
With more people sharing our mutual responsibility to reduce carbon footprints by shifting to plant-based meals we have reason to be hopeful for our planet's future.
and disappear back into Earth s environment. But bug parts break down in only a year or two.
The plant is set to be built by Abengoa SA (ABG) a Spanish company that offers global renewable energy solutions. his project will help prove the economic operation of concentrated solar power technology in the Earth sunbelt,
Powered by Landmark's Decisionspace next-generation earth modeling solution the workflow is unique to the industry in that it is capable of updating dynamically
and helps to regulate the planet's climate. Melchiorri's invention can potentially duplicate many of these benefits with a man-made material.
and possibly even colonize new planets.""Plants don't grow in zero gravity, "explained Melchiorri.""NASA is researching different ways to produce oxygen for long-distance space journeys to let us live in space.
Wikipedia) But there are other costs involved with anything we do the social and environmental costs the effect on people and the planet as well as the profit.
What the work means for the carbon balance of the Earth is also not as obvious as it may seem.
which in 1980 became the first disease to be officially wiped out from the planet. The global polio initiative, a mammoth programme involving the vaccination of billions of children,
whether the Earth's skies are dimming or brightening, how this affects the amount of sunlight reaching the planet's surface and what that means for climate change.
Two studies published in Science in 2005 concluded that a global dimming trend that began in the 1950s has been replaced since 1990 by global brightening1,
and so cool the planet. Aerosols can also reduce cloudiness, however, as probably happens in northern China,
bacteria accounted for around 20%of all particles#biological and non-biological#a higher proportion than in the near-Earth atmosphere."
It took several minutes to fall to Earth, during which time it took a series of pictures of the Sun (see video).
Gisele Azimi and Adam T. Paxsona thin film made of a water-repelling ceramic material#here a rare-earth oxide#can help you stay dry.
Or maybe it s a devious scheme predicated on boring a hole into the depths of the planet with the world s hardest drill bit.
"We still need really superhard materials to explore deeper and deeper into Earth s interior,
#Meteorite carries ancient water from Mars It may just look like your average rock, but in fact it's an extra-special delivery from the red planet.
Laboratory analysis has revealed that a specimen bought from a Moroccan meteorite dealer in 2011 is the first sample of Martian origin that is similar to the water-rich rocks examined by NASA s rovers.
or so known Martian meteorites#those rare rocks that get ejected from the Martian surface into space when an asteroid hits the planet,
and eventually find their way to Earth. It s also the only known Martian sample On earth that hails from a critical period, about 2 billion years ago,
when Mars is thought to have become colder and drier than it was originally. Carl Agee of the University of New mexico in Albuquerque and his colleagues report their findings from samples of the meteorite in Science online today1."
"Agee and his collaborators have thrown open the door to a whole new part of Mars, says planetary scientist Munir Humayun at Florida State university in Tallahassee,
is"the first of a new class of Martian meteorites that provides more direct clues to the surface history of Mars. Moreover,
as the fate of a long-delayed mission to bring samples of Mars back to Earth is still uncertain.
and provides a missing link in the planet s geological record, according to Agee. The oldest prospective Martian meteorite, ALH 84001, is 4. 5 billion years old,
Several lines of evidence indicate that parts of Mars were warmer and wetter, and therefore a possible haven for carbon-based life, some 4 billion years ago.
That is not a surprise, given the map of hydrogen (a stand-in for water) generated by an instrument on the Mars Odyssey orbiting spacecraft and the presence of small amounts of water in younger Martian meteorites
and the presence of water in it suggests that crustal rocks on Mars interacted with surface water that was delivered by volcanic activity,
whether that water content truly reveals an abundance of surface water on Mars 2. 1 billion years ago awaits further study u
#Ephemeral third ring of radiation makes appearance around Earth First discovered in 1958, the Van allen belts have been thought to comprise two reservoirs of high-speed,
electrically charged particles, corralled into separate doughnut-shaped rings by Earth s magnetic field. The outer ring orbits at a distance of some 10,000-60,000 kilometres above Earth,
and encircles an inner band of even more energetic particles, roughly 100-10,000 kilometres above Earth.
That s the configuration the belts were in when James Van allen first spotted them using satellite data half a century ago,
NASATHE two Van allen Probes orbit through the radiation belts that surround Earth, shown in cross section in this artist's impression.
#Moon-size exoplanet circling sun-like star smallest yet A newfound world called Kepler 37 b could easily blend in to the long and growing list of known extrasolar planets,
But the new addition to the catalogue of 800-plus exoplanets stands out in at least one major respect#it is far smaller than any planet yet discovered outside of our solar system.
In fact, it is just a shade larger than Earth s moon.""What makes this very interesting is this is a planet smaller than anything we see in our own inner solar system,
says Thomas Barclay, a research scientist at the NASA AMES RESEARCH CENTER in Moffett Field, Calif. Barclay is lead author of a study published online February 20 in Nature announcing the discovery of Kepler 37 b and two slightly larger worlds in the same planetary system.
The researchers used NASA s Kepler space telescope to identify the three planets orbiting Kepler 37, a star some 200 light-years away that is somewhat smaller than the sun. The spacecraft monitors more than 150,000 stars in the Milky way
or dips in brightness, that might be caused by a planet passing in front of its star, from the probe s perspective.
The Kepler mission has discovered already more than 100 new planets since its launch in 2009 and has identified thousands of additional candidates that await confirmation.
Planets smaller than Earth block relatively small amounts of starlight which limits astronomers ability to detect them with Kepler.
By observing the planet Kepler 37 b as it transited, or passed in front of its star, more than 50 times,
Every 13 days or so the star dimmed by a tiny fraction#just 0. 002 percent#as the tiny planet passed across the star s face.
The exoplanet that previously held the record on the tiny end of the size spectrum#a Mars-size object known as Kepler 42 d#is nearly twice the diameter of Kepler 37 b. The newfound body is just 80 percent
Mercury s diameter and 30 percent that of Earth. Kepler measures the diameters and orbital properties of exoplanets but is usually unable to pinpoint their masses.)
All three of the exoplanets found by Barclay and his colleagues, in fact, will rank among the smallest known:
Kepler 37 c is 74 percent the diameter of Earth, and Kepler 37 d is roughly twice our planet s diameter.
Orbiting its star at one tenth the distance between Earth and the sun, tiny Kepler 37 b must be extremely hot."
"Any water on the surface would disappear very quickly, Barclay says.""There is almost no chance of an atmosphere or liquid on the surface.
The researchers predict that Kepler 37 b would be a barren, rocky world similar to Mercury.
All three planets keep closer to the star Kepler 37 than any planet orbits the sun."It just shows that Kepler has just an extraordinary ability to see a wide diversity of planetary architectures,
Kepler was built to search for exo-Earths#rocky planets in cooler orbits than the uninhabitable worlds of the Kepler 37 system.
There is one catch in Kepler s search for worlds comparable with or smaller than Earth: Whereas giant Jupiter-size planets often exert a gravitational tug on their host stars that is detectable with Earth-based telescope spectrographs,
smaller exoplanet discoveries have proved difficult to confirm with observations other than Kepler s . So researchers have turned to statistical arguments
instead to quantify the probability of a false positive#for instance, a pair of undetected binary stars whose regular eclipses mimic a planetary signal.
In the end, based on population estimates of exoplanets binary stars and other astronomical objects, the researchers calculated the probability that the signal collected from Kepler represents a true planet."
"In this case, with the innermost planet we are confident that it is a true planet orbiting the target star with a confidence of 99.95 percent,
Barclay says.""So we re very confident that this is what we think it is
#FDA Approves First Retinal Implant An article by Scientific American. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Thursday approved the first retinal implant for use in the United states. The FDA s green light for Second sight s Argus II Retinal Prosthesis
or for eye-popping views of the Earth
#Waterproof transistor takes cell's electric pulse Think of it as a medical monitor for the cell.
#Life found deep under the sea For the first time, scientists have discovered microbes living deep inside Earth s oceanic crust#the dark volcanic rock at the bottom of the sea.
and covers 60%of the planet s surface, making it the largest habitat On earth. The microbes inside it seem to survive largely by using hydrogen,
The pits are among the largest and deepest pockmarks ever found in Earth lakes, the researchers said.
which would (hypothetically, at least) be repelled by magnetic forces from the Earth itself. Duru's real-life flying skateboard is a bit simpler than Mcfly's:
Interaxon, the company behind the Muse headband and a Mars venture client, claims that sustained use of the device will train one brain to stay more naturally calm and focused.
as the poles of Mars and almost 200 degrees hotter than the surface of Venus. They can also detect temperature changes across distances as small as 5 m (roughly the size of a sperm cell head) and on timescales as short as 800 picoseconds(.
a rare-earth metal that is highly magnetic and sometimes given to patients to increase contrast in an MRI.
#Red planet racers: Next Mars rovers get a speed boost IT'S time for Martian rovers to put the pedal to the metal.
the Curiosity rover our best on the Red planet only covers about 200 metres per day. That's because when a rover encounters an obstacle it can't negotiate by itself it must wait for instructions from its minders On earth a huge waste of time.
In 2012 Seeker was tested for the first time in the Atacama desert in Chile a landscape similar to that of Mars. There it guided the Robovolc rover built to traverse the edge of volcanoes over several kilometres in a single day.
#Red planet racers: Next Mars rovers get a speed boost IT'S time for Martian rovers to put the pedal to the metal.
the Curiosity rover our best on the Red planet only covers about 200 metres per day. That's because when a rover encounters an obstacle it can't negotiate by itself it must wait for instructions from its minders On earth a huge waste of time.
In 2012 Seeker was tested for the first time in the Atacama desert in Chile a landscape similar to that of Mars. There it guided the Robovolc rover built to traverse the edge of volcanoes over several kilometres in a single day.
#China set to launch probe on round trip to the moon China is planning to launch an uncrewed spacecraft on a quick jaunt around the moon in a test of technology designed to return rocks from the lunar surface to Earth.
and return to Earth using a parachute to slow its decent through the atmosphere about 8 days later.
and dock with the orbiter for the return trip to Earth. China's most recent moon mission Chang'e 3 placed a lander and rover on the moon last year.
which is essential for surviving a high-speed re-entry into Earth's atmosphere. The country is following a path blazed by other major spacefaring nations:
and plants exposed to radiation beyond low Earth orbit. China has partnered also with a Luxembourg-based firm called Luxspace to send a tiny spacecraft called the Manfred Memorial Moon Mission around the moon.
When the Rosetta spacecraft sends its lander to the surface of a comet on 12 november the lander will follow prearranged orders from Earth to touch down safely
But because these bodies are far from Earth and the jets are not always active exploring them remotely is challenging.
The more the spacecraft can do without waiting for communication with Earth the better they can explore especially
The researchers tested the software on unprocessed images of comet Hartley 2 and Saturn's moon Enceladus.
#Martian methane sniffer adapted for Earth WHAT'S that gassy smell? The hypersensitive methane detector on NASA's Mars rover curiosity is being repurposed to ferret out gas leaks On earth.
It's the same technology as on Mars she says. When it picks up trace amounts of methane it kind of sings to the operator
and Earth observation privacy law to ensure that people can wield authentic imagery that stands up in court.
But most of the work will involve images taken by orbiting satellites especially as recent earth observation start-ups like Planet Labs
These images show the carbon monoxide gas detected in neighbouring galaxies 40 to 600 million light years from Earth in their final stages of merging.
#Water-splitter could make hydrogen fuel on Mars Making fuel on site for a return trip to Mars may be a step closer.
or for making fuel on Mars to power a rocket back to Earth. It is unclear
because no type IA had gone off near Earth in recent decades. That changed on 21 january
Like our exoplanet search and using rovers to look for microbes on Mars this search for extraterrestrial life is driving useful science.
This article appeared in print under the headline Spot ET's waste heat for chance to find alien lif f
The results hint at the mysterious conditions deep inside giant planets. The dense atmospheres of gas giants Jupiter and Saturn contain carbon.
Chemical modelling suggests pressure deep inside the planets would crush it into a rain of diamond chips
and perhaps create chunks of diamond large enough to impress even the Kardashians. But until now no one had been able to replicate such pressures On earth
The team's data can now be used to improve models of gas giants and the suspected diamond in their depths.
These findings contribute to an ongoing effort to put together an understanding of the cores of giant planets says Stevenson.
Nikku Madhusudhan at the University of Cambridge says the results can also aid our understanding of the insides of diamond planets.
These exoplanets are rocky like Earth but are rich in carbon rather than silica and may contain large layers of diamond.
because we can now use direct experimental data to model the deep interiors of carbon-rich planets says Madhusudhan.
#Cool planet hints at potential for life in double stars It's a cool planet in a tight spot.
A frigid world about 3000 light years away offers the first evidence that rocky planets can form in Earthlike orbits even
Although this planet probably cannot support life as we know it the discovery greatly expands the places we can look for potentially habitable worlds outside our solar system.
Astronomers have found a handful of planets that orbit both partners in close binary pairs.
But no one was convinced that a planet could orbit just one star at a sufficient distance to host life.
so if you want to maximise the places you can look for habitable planets you're going to want to look at these close binaries as well says Scott Gaudi at Ohio State university (OSU) in Columbus. Gaudi
and his team used a technique called gravitational microlensing to study a binary system with two red dwarfs small stars that are dimmer than the sun. The distance between the stars is about 10 to 15 times that of Earth
and the sun. The team found a planet about twice the mass of Earth orbiting just one of the two stars at about the same distance as we are to our home star.
Some scientists argue that the planet formation process would get too disrupted if a star has a tight stellar companion
and the further it is from the star the more difficult it would be for planets to form.
But this discovery argues that yes indeed at least in this system of two red dwarfs you can form planets at these sorts of longer distances says Gaudi.
Jean-Philipe Beaulieu at the Paris Institute of Astrophysics in France called the newfound planet an important discovery.
While the planet is most likely rocky based on its mass its surface is a frigid-213°C That's
But the same planet orbiting a sun-like star in a binary system would be in the habitable zone where conditions could support liquid water
The discovery was announced the same week that other scientists sounded a note of caution on exoplanet finds.
Gaudi's co-author Andrew Gould also at OSU says his team's evidence for the existence of their frozen planet is airtight.
Microlensing detects planets by watching how their gravity affects the light of a distant background star.
As one star passes in front of another as seen from Earth light from the background star is bent gravitationally
But if the foreground star hosts a planet the world's gravity can sometimes eliminate one of these images.
The planet isn't blocking the background star's light. It's just that the mathematics of focusing is disrupted by the planet's gravity he says.
There's absolutely no doubt that what we've detected is a rocky planet in a binary star system adds Gould.
Ten thousand years from now people will go visit this system and find out that it's exactly
Beaulieu also expressed confidence in the frozen exoplanet discovery: In the case of the planet announced by Gould's team stellar variability could not mimic the observed signal.
This is a very robust detection. Journal reference: Scienc n
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