the scientists warmed the skin of patients with a laser to measure how much pain they could withstand.
#Using optical fiber to generate a two-micron laser In recent years, two-micron lasers (0. 002 millimetre) have been of growing interest among researchers.
In the areas of surgery and molecule detection, for example, they offer significant advantages compared to traditional, shorter-wavelength lasers.
However, two-micron lasers are still in their infancy and not yet as mature as their telecom counterparts (1. 55-micron).
Moreover sources currently used in labs are typically bulky and expensive. Optical fibre-based 2 micron lasers are an elegant solution to these issues.
This is where researchers at Photonics Systems Laboratory (PHOSL) come in. In an article published in Light:
Science & Applications, the team of Camille Brès at EPFL described a way to design these lasers at a lower cost,
by changing the way optical fibres are connected to each other. Thanks to the new configuration, they were able
not only to produce very good 2 micron lasers, but also to do without an expensive and complex component that is normally required.
At these wavelengths, the laser light is absorbed easily by water molecules, which are the main constituents of human tissue.
What is more, the energy from the laser causes the blood to coagulate on the wound, which prevents bleeding.
Two-micron lasers are also very useful for detecting key meteorological data over long distances through the air.
Replacing a cop with a detour To create a 2 micron fibre laser, light is injected usually into an optical-fibre ring containing a gain region
until becoming a laser. For optimal operation, these systems include a costly component called isolator,
At PHOSL, researchers built a thulium-doped fibre laser that works without an isolator. Their idea was to connect the fibres differently,
Higher quality laser The new system not only proved to be less expensive than more traditional ones,
it also showed it could generate a higher quality laser light. The explanation is as follows: the laser output gets purified
because light interacts with itself in a very special way, thanks to the amplifying fibre's composition and dimensions,
and the high power circulating in this atypical laser architecture.""While the association of amplifying fibres
and high power usually weakens traditional lasers performance, it actually improves the quality of this laser,
thanks to our specific architecture",said Svyatoslav Kharitonov o
#Researchers learn how to steer the heart--with light We depend on electrical waves to regulate the rhythm of our heartbeat.
Their results are published in the journal Nature Photonics on 19 october. Both cardiac cells in the heart and neurons in the brain communicate by electrical signals,
or parabolic mirrors are used in a host of technical applications ranging from satellite dishes to laser resonators,
and is described in the journal Nature Photonics.""Light doesn't typically like to be squeezed or manipulated but this metamaterial permits you to manipulate light from one chip to another, to squeeze,
"In this structure--unlike other photodetectors--light absorption in an ultrathin silicon layer can be much more efficient
graduate student Jayer Fernandes and recent graduate Aditi Kanhere--are exploring ways to integrate the lenses into existing optical detectors and directly incorporate silicon electronic components into the lenses themselves s
graduate student Jayer Fernandes and recent graduate Aditi Kanhere--are exploring ways to integrate the lenses into existing optical detectors and directly incorporate silicon electronic components into the lenses themselves s
an associate professor of the Institute of Laser Engineering at Osaka University, in cooperation with Screen Holdings Co.,Ltd.
succeeded in visualizing changes in defect density on the surface of Gan through the laser terahertz emission microscope (LTEM)
which measures THZ waves generated by laser emission. This group's discovery shows that LTEM is useful as a new method for evaluating the quality of wide-gap semiconductors
The group examined the intensity distribution of THZ generated by radiating ultraviolet femtosecond laser pulses on the surface of Gan crystal through LTEM.
Furthermore, from results measurement through modification of excited lasers, it was confirmed that THZ emission needs excitation light with larger energy than the band gap energy y
#Physicists mimic quantum entanglement with laser pointer to double data speeds In a classic eureka moment,
and Corning Incorporated is showing how beams from ordinary laser pointers mimic quantum entanglement with the potential of doubling the data speed of laser communication.
"Interestingly, a conventional laser beam (a laser pointer)' s shape and polarization can also be nonseparable.""To make the laser beam's shape and polarization nonseparable,
the researchers transformed it into what Milione refers to as a vector beam-a polarization dependent shape.
when the laser beam was separable.""In principal, this could be used to double the data speed of laser communication,
"said CCNY Distinguished Professor of Phyiscs Robert Alfano.""""While there's no'spooky action at a distance,
#This new high-power diamond laser can cut steel Although lasers based on diamond have been around around for several years,
they have never been very powerful. That beginning to change now as new CVD fabrication methods provide larger,
and the MQ Photonics Research Centre in Australia, have built just a diamond laser with 20 times more power than anything yet to date.
With 380 Watts@1240nm, the new laser has enough oomph to handle the job. While lesser lasers have made similar claims
without the actual watts behind them no amount of focussing or pulse compression can make the task worthwhile.
and you need to-switchyour laser to compress the all the power into impossibly brief pulses just to make a mark,
More typical workhorse solid state lasers, like Yb-doped disk and fiber lasers, can routinely deliver kilowatt range power.
The new diamond lasers make use of something known as Raman conversion to shift light to wavelengths that are long enough to be absorbed efficiently by steel.
The release stories for this laser mention that the infrared wavelengths used here are safer for the eye than either visible or UV radiation.
It also appears to be fashionable to compare output power of cutting lasers to laser pointers,
with many noting that the new diamond laser is equal to 00,000 laser pointers. In light of the ample variance in both wavelength and power of pointer devices, those kinds of comparisons should probably be taken as rough.
Diamond lasers can potentially unleash more than just new cutting or machining technologies. Since silicon doesn reflect x-rays
imaging applications based on x-ray lasers have traditionally been limited severely. Diamond-based x-ray lasers, on the other hand, would be a whole new ball game.
CVD diamond still has its costs, but they are rapidly falling while output quality is rising.
It would seem that these trends should soon make off-the-shelf diamond lasers fairly commonplace a
including using at least one of the following igh intensity laser pulses, pellets forming a conductive ion trail, sacrificial conductors,
such as those obtained by LIGO, the Laser interferometry Gravitational-wave Observatory, a Caltech-and-MIT-led project searching for signs of gravitational waves,
laser cutting, and particle acceleration. ou generally would need a large optical setup, consisting of multiple components,
while testing a laser-based measurement technique that they recently developed to look for what is called multipolar order.
When you shine a red laser pointer at a wall, for example, your eye detects red light. However, for all materials, there is a tiny amount of light bouncing off at integer multiples of the incoming frequency.
So with the red laser pointer, there will also be some blue light bouncing off of the wall.
This is all done by the sensor. ne prototype based on this model synchronizes a laser projector with a common rolling-shutter camerahe type of camera used in most smartphoneso that the camera detects light only from points being illuminated by the laser as it scans across the scene.
But as a projector scans a laser across the scene, the spots illuminated by the laser beam are brighter,
if only briefly, notes Kyros Kutulakos, a professor of computer science at the University of Toronto. ven though wee not sending a huge amount of photons, at short time scales,
this is accomplished by synchronizing the projector so that as the laser scans a particular plane, the camera accepts light only from that plane.
The NCI uses an array of tiny LIDARS (scanning laser beams) to gather this information about an object's size and distance away,
The coherent laser light from the NCI acts as a kind of ruler, measuring the precise distance of each point from the camera so that they can be mapped onto a 3d image of the scene.
The researchers believe this enables 3d imaging at a greater level of depth-measurement accuracy than ever before in silicon photonics,
a successful spin-off of Canada's leading optics and photonics research institute, Institut national d'optique (INO).
Contrary to collimated emitters (lasers), the Leddar sensor's LEDS and emitter optics are used to create a diffuse beam covering a wider area of interest.
suitable for applications that might traditionally use laser scanners, or multiple sensors. This unique sensing technology presents multiple advantages.
and the angle of incidence that can be determined by imaging-collecting optics that focus the reflected beam on the sensor photodetectors.
A 16-element photodetector is used typically in Leddar sensors (shown in Figure 1). Figure 1. Signal travelling through the main components of a Leddar sensing module Figure 1 Signal travelling through the main components
of a Leddar sensing module Beam Pattern for Multi-Element Option The multiple-element photodetector has a rectangular sensing area.
or more LEDS into a pattern that best fits the photodetector geometry. The purpose of the reception optics is to collect the backscatter of light from objects in that beam onto the photodetector.
The combined emission and reception optics solution can be designed to obtain different beam widths. Currently
Figure 2 illustrates a simulated emission beam pattern of a Leddar sensor with an overlay of the matching segments provided by the reception optics corresponding to the photodetector elements.
Figure 2. Emission beam pattern and match to a 16-element photodetector Figure 2. Emission beam pattern and match to a 16-element photodetector How Does It Work?
and reflected light is captured by the optics and the photodetector. The sensor signal is amplified, and the signal acquisition is synchronized to the pulses.
using the acquired signals (one per photodetector element). The signals consist of a series of values representing light amplitude at incremental distances from the sensor.
When compared to other detection technologies such as laser scanners, radar, video, thermal imaging, ultrasonic and passive infrared,
#Graphene device makes ultrafast light to energy conversion possible Converting light to electricity is one of the pillars of modern electronics, with the process essential for the operation of everything from solar cells and TV remote control receivers through to laser communications
In this vein, researchers from the Institute of Photonic Sciences (Institut de Ciències Fotòniques/ICFO) in Barcelona have demonstrated a graphene-based photodetector they claim converts light into electricity in less than 50 quadrillionths of a second.
pulse-shaped laser to provide the ultrafast flashes of light, along with an ultra-sensitive pulse detector to capture the speed of conversion to electrical energy.
In other words, the excitation of the molecules of graphene by the laser pulses causes the electrons in the material to heat up,
And, as the electrons in the laser-excited graphene do not cool down rapidly because they do not easily recouple with the graphene lattice,
constant laser pulse excitation of an area of graphene quickly results in superfast electron distribution within the material at constantly elevated electron temperatures.
the practical upshot of this research may be in the eventual production of novel types of ultrafast and extremely effective photodetectors and energy harvesting devices.
however, photonic circuitry must first become at least as efficient at multitasking as the microprocessors they are designed to replace.
the new device ups the ante on previous photonic chips by incorporating six wave-guides for universal linear optic transformations
"said Professor Jeremy O'brien, Director of the Centre for Quantum Photonics at Bristol University.""It a model that we need to encourage
With a fiber laser, they milled scales into a steel bolt of 8 mm in diameter.
With that in mind, researchers at KIT milled scales into a steel bolt 8 mm in diameter using a fiber laser.
One laser-etched design was inspired by the narrow, overlapping scales of a python. The other design had arranged scales in wider-spaced
and are activated then with focused lasers. However, the procedure gets tricky when it comes to cells deep inside the body.
The breakthrough, published in the journal Nature Photonics, could lead to significantly faster computers in the future.
which shines a laser into the patient eye and measures the refracted light with a photon sensor to find optical aberrations that affect eyesight.
#Laser weapon Melts Test Drone in Midair A new laser weapon that can burn up targets in just a few seconds recently melted
Known as the Compact Laser weapons System, the futuristic, drone-shooting weapon is a smaller, more versatile version of the High energy Laser Mobile Demonstrator (HEL MD),
In a recent test, the laser, which is compact enough to carry around in a suitcase,
The laser gun acts quickly (it took just 15 seconds for it to shoot the test drone out of the sky) and discreetly, according to Neal.
"If you were on the receiving end of laser energy, you would have no idea where it was coming from or
The Compact Laser weapons System features four main parts that help it turn plain old energy into a deadly force:
a chiller that keeps the system from getting too hot, a 2-kilowatt laser and a"beam director"that points the laser light at the intended target.
The first prototype of the Compact Laser weapons System is 40 percent lighter than the vehicle-mounted HEL MD system,
who noted that this lower weight makes the portable laser gun easier to move around than the HEL MD
Both the HEL MD and the smaller laser weapon can be operated by one person but the main advantage of the Compact Laser weapons System is that it can be used just about anywhere.
While the bigger system features a more powerful, 10-kw laser, it's fixed to the top of a vehicle,
so it can only go where the vehicle goes. In the recent test in California, the smaller laser shot down a drone,
but Boeing's goal is to develop a compact laser that can also shoot down incoming explosives, such as mortars,
missiles and smaller artillery something the HEL MD has already proved it can do in tests.
The big draw for both laser systems is that they're cost-effective weapons. The only cost associated with operating them is the cost of electricity to power the lasers, according to Boeing,
which did not state exactly how much the U s. military would save by switching to laser guns.
Last year in Washington, D c.,Rear Adm. Matthew Klunder, chief of naval research, told reporters that firing the Navy's 30-kilowatt laser weapons system,
or Laws, costs less than a dollar per shot
#Weird Microscopic Animal Inspires New Kind of Glass A really weird, really tiny animal the microscopic tardigrade is the inspiration behind a new material that could improve the efficiency of things like LED LIGHTS and solar cells.
Rather than melting drones in midair like Boeing's new Compact Laser weapons System, AUDS shoots the flying vehicles with something that doesn't destroy them radio waves.
scientists have used everything from laser beams to superconducting magnetic fields to levitate objects. And in 2014, researchers at the University of Dundee in Scotland showed that acoustic holograms that act like a tractor beam could theoretically suck in objects."
This research outcome potentially allows for great flexibility in the design and optimization of electronic and optoelectronic devices like solar panels and telecommunication lasers.
so we solved the conundrum. ext they dyed the sample with 14 different dyes in a narrow emission window and excited and photoswitched the molecules with one laser.
and revolutionise gas storage A new method of manufacturing glass could lead to the production of'designer glasses'with applications in advanced photonics,
#Graphene flakes as an ultra-fast stopwatch Scientists at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), working with colleagues from the USA and Germany, have developed a new optical detector from graphene
The HZDR scientists are already using the new graphene detector for the exact synchronization of laser systems.
This optical universal detector is already being used at the HZDR for the exact synchronization of the two free-electron lasers at the ELBE Center for High-power Radiation Sources with other lasers.
where researcher take one laser for the excitation of a material("pump) "and then use a second laser with a different wavelength for the measurement("probe").
"The laser pulses must be synchronized exactly for such experiments. So the scientists are using the graphene detector like a stopwatch.
It tells them when the laser pulses reach their goal, and the large bandwidth helps to prevent a change of detector from being a potential source of error.
Another advantage is that all the measurements can take place at room temperature, obviating the need for the expensive and time-consuming nitrogen or helium cooling processes with other detectors.
#Graphene flakes as an ultra-fast stopwatch Scientists at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), working with colleagues from the USA and Germany, have developed a new optical detector from graphene
The HZDR scientists are already using the new graphene detector for the exact synchronization of laser systems.
This optical universal detector is already being used at the HZDR for the exact synchronization of the two free-electron lasers at the ELBE Center for High-power Radiation Sources with other lasers.
where researcher take one laser for the excitation of a material("pump) "and then use a second laser with a different wavelength for the measurement("probe").
"The laser pulses must be synchronized exactly for such experiments. So the scientists are using the graphene detector like a stopwatch.
It tells them when the laser pulses reach their goal, and the large bandwidth helps to prevent a change of detector from being a potential source of error.
Another advantage is that all the measurements can take place at room temperature, obviating the need for the expensive and time-consuming nitrogen or helium cooling processes with other detectors c
"In this structure-unlike other photodetectors-light absorption in an ultrathin silicon layer can be much more efficient
"In this structure-unlike other photodetectors-light absorption in an ultrathin silicon layer can be much more efficient
and photons, said Vladimir M. Shalaev, co-director of a new Purdue Quantum Center, scientific director of nanophotonics at the Birck Nanotechnology Center and a distinguished professor of electrical and computer engineering."
increasing the velocity of particle transport by 100 times by applying an alternating current electric field in conjunction with heating the plasmonic nanoantenna using a laser to induce a force far stronger than otherwise possible."
"The new hybrid nanotweezer combines a near-infrared laser light and an electric field, inducing an"electrothermoplasmonic flow.""
""Then, once we turn off the electric field the laser holds the particles in place, so it can operate in two modes.
The laser traps the particles, making it possible to precisely position them. The technique was demonstrated with polystyrene particles i
and light in photonic crystals May 9th, 2015penn and UC Merced researchers match physical and virtual atomic friction experiments May 8th, 201 0
Other potential applications include goggles, periscopes, optical instruments, photodetectors and sensors. In addition, the superhydrophobic property can be effective at preventing ice
It is capable of delivering extremely localised heating from a near-infrared laser aimed at the gold nanorods
the authors make it possible to convert the incoming laser light into extremely localised heat. These gold nanoparticles can
using a laser as the energy source. The novelty of this study is that it shows that it is possible to use diamond nanocrystals as hypersensitive temperature sensors with a high spatial resolution-ranging from 10 to 100 nanometers-to monitor the amount of heat delivered to cancer cells s
The modular aspect of the system makes it possible to accommodate various radiation sources such as tunable lasers and non-coherent monochromatic or polychromatic sources s
which laser light is irradiated on a ultra-thin metal point. This creates highly bundled light-a hundred times smaller than the wavelength of light,
By observing the back-scattered portion of the laser light, one can achieve a spatial resolution in the order of the near-field magnitude, that is, in the nanometer range."
The sample can be stimulated with laser, pressure, electric field or magnetic field pulses. The principle was tested at the HZDR on a typical laboratory laser as well as on the free-electron laser FELBE.
First tests on the new terahertz source TELBE which provides extremely short electric and magnetic field pulses for excitation,
because the world's leading quantum photonics group teamed up with Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT), the world's leading telecommunications company.
Professor Jeremy O'brien, Director of the Centre for Quantum Photonics at Bristol University, explained:""Over the last decade, we have established an ecosystem for photonic quantum technologies,
"Next they dyed the sample with 14 different dyes in a narrow emission window and excited and photoswitched the molecules with one laser.
and professors Randy Headrick and Madalina Furis, deployed this table-top scanning laser microscope. Their latest finding is reported in the journal Nature Communications--and may
the UVM team--with support from the National Science Foundation--built a scanning laser microscope,
At the Frontiers in Optics conference researchers will describe a custom-built ultrafast laser that could help image everything from semiconductor chips to cells in real time Using ultrafast beams of extreme ultraviolet light streaming at a 100,000 times a second, researchers
scientists fire an X-ray or extreme ultraviolet laser at a target. The light scatters off, and some of those photons interfere with one another
Over the last ten years, researchers have developed smaller, cheaper machines that pump out coherent, laser-like beams in the laboratory setting.
Zürch and a team of researchers from Jena University used a special, custom-built ultrafast laser that fires extreme ultraviolet photons a hundred times faster than conventional table-top machines.
The ultrafast laser also overcame another drawback of conventional table-top light sources: long exposure times.
"Our photonic crystal thermal overlay optimizes use of the thermal portions of the electromagnetic spectrum without affecting visible light,
The research is published in leading scientific journal, Nature Photonics. Professor David Wright from the University of Exeter's Engineering department said:"
"Generally, most existing techniques to look at single-molecule movements--such as optical tweezers--have a resolution, at best,
thus requiring even faster optical detectors that can be integrated into photonic circuits. In the recent work published today in Nature Nanotechnology,
By using ultra-fast laser pulses the researchers have shown a record-high photo-response speed for a heterostructure made of two-dimensional materials.
An important advantage of these devices based on graphene and other two-dimensional materials is that they can be integrated monolithically with silicon photonics enabling a new class of photonic integrated circuits.
the next step is to develop prototype photonic circuitry and explore ways to improve large-scale production of these devices.
"ICFO researcher Mathieu Massicotte and first author of this study states that"Everyone knew graphene could make ultrafast photodetectors,
we can obtain a photodetector that is not only ultrafast but also highly efficient.""The results obtained from this study have shown that the stacking of semiconducting 2d materials with graphene in heterostructures could lead to new, fast and efficient optoelectronic applications,
With many photonics and electronics applications, there has been considerable effort in creating artificial materials with optical and dielectric properties similar to air
Prototype on-chip networks have used semiconductor lasers as light emitters. They can modulate very quickly,
What's more, semiconductor lasers are not particularly efficient. They produce a lot of heat along with light
In this initial experiment, the researchers used a laser to zap the VO2 and cause it to change phase.
A faster means of changing the VO2 phase--perhaps using electricity instead of a laser--could make the system much faster still.
and industrial researchers working on optoelectronics and nanophotonics, "the researchers write e
#Monitoring critical blood levels in real time in the ICU: EPFL has developed a miniaturized microfluidic device that will allow medical staff to monitor in real time levels of glucose,
while testing a laser-based measurement technique that they recently developed to look for what is called multipolar order.
When you shine a red laser pointer at a wall, for example, your eye detects red light. However, for all materials, there is a tiny amount of light bouncing off at integer multiples of the incoming frequency.
So with the red laser pointer, there will also be some blue light bouncing off of the wall.
#The world's fastest nanoscale photonics switch: Russian scientists developed the world's fastest nanoscale photonics switch This work belongs to the field of photonics-an optics discipline
which appeared in the 1960-s, simultaneously with the invention of lasers. Photonics has the same goals as electronics does,
but uses photons--the quanta of light--instead of electrons. The biggest advantage of using photons is the absence of interactions between them.
As a consequence, photons address the data transmission problem better than electrons. This property can primarily be used for in computing where IPS (instructions per second) is the main attribute to be maximized.
and all the experimental work was carried out at the Faculty of physics of Lomonosov Moscow State university, in the Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Metamaterials."
--We used our femtosecond laser complex acquired as part of the MSU development program"."Eventually, researches developed a"device":
--Free carriers (electrons and electron holes) place serious restrictions on the speed of signal conversion in the traditional integrated photonics.
Features of the technology implemented in our work will allow its use in silicon photonics. In the nearest future, we are going to test such nanoparticles in integrated circuits
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