Nanoscopic lasers--first demonstrated in 2009--are only found in research labs today. They are,
The laser's color can be changed in real time when the liquid dye in the microfluidic channel above the laser's cavity is changed.
The laser's cavity is made up of an array of reflective gold nanoparticles, where the light is concentrated around each nanoparticle
and then amplified. In contrast to conventional laser cavities, no mirrors are required for the light to bounce back and forth.
Notably, as the laser color is tuned, the nanoparticle cavity stays fixed and does not change;
The main advantages of very small lasers are: Some technical backgroundplasmon lasers are promising nanoscale coherent sources of optical fields
because they support ultra-small sizes and show ultra-fast dynamics. Although plasmon lasers have been demonstrated at different spectral ranges, from the ultraviolet to near-infrared,
a systematic approach to manipulate the lasing emission wavelength in real time has not been possible. The main limitation is that only solid gain materials have been used in previous work on plasmon nanolasers;
These nanoscale lasers can be mass-produced with emission wavelengths over the entire gain bandwidth of the dye.
In the recent years, the radiation pressure has been harnessed also in the field of laser physics. It can be used to couple the electromagnetic laser field to, for example,
the movement of the small mechanical oscillators that can be found inside ordinary watches. Due to the weakness of the interaction, one typically needs substantially strong laser fields."
Conversely, the CLS is a miniature version of a synchrotron that produces suitable X-rays by colliding laser light with electrons circulating in a desk-sized storage ring.
The technique complements ultrafast studies with SLAC's X-ray free-electron laser. Similar to X-ray light, highly energetic electrons can take snapshots of the interior of materials as they pass through them.
when laser science and X-ray science merged into the new field of ultrafast X-ray science."
#New 2d transistor material made using precision lasers Last year a multi-discipline research team led by South korea's Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics
They directed a 1 m wide laser (a human hair is 17 to 181 m) at the 2h-Mote2
"One prototype based on this model synchronizes a laser projector with a common rolling-shutter camera-the type of camera used in most smartphones
-so that the camera detects light only from points being illuminated by the laser as it scans across the scene.
But as a projector scans a laser across the scene, the spots illuminated by the laser beam are brighter,
"Next they dyed the sample with 14 different dyes in a narrow emission window and excited and photoswitched the molecules with one laser.
55 patients with atypical moles agreed to have monitored their skin by researchers at Pisa University Hospital using a laser Doppler system.
The laser Doppler was used to record the complex interactions taking place in the minute blood vessels beneath their suspicious mole for around 30 minutes.
and the results were compared with the information obtained--noninvasively--using the laser Doppler scan. The laser Doppler signal correctly identified 100%of the patients with malignant skin.
Professor Aneta Stefanovska of Lancaster University said:""We used our knowledge of blood flow dynamics to pick up on markers
The researchers then applied cutting-edge laser techniques to the mammalian embryo (previously used in fly
By altering the tension of the cells using lasers or genetic manipulations, researchers could change which cells move inside the embryo.
Analyzing metabolites in a single cell Based on interactions between silicon nanopost arrays (NAPA) and laser light,
however, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry techniques suffer from matrix-associated background problems that prevent the detection of small molecules at individual cell levels.
and xenobiotics in a broad class of samples, making it the foundation for matrix-free laser desorption ionization.
Even lasers, the most perfect light source known, carry this level of fluctuating noise. This is when things get stranger still,
By scattering faint laser light from the quantum dot the noise of part of the electromagnetic field was reduced to an extremely precise and low level, below the standard baseline of vacuum fluctuations.
using a carbon-dioxide laser. Although the team tried more complex designs the simplest pattern worked best.
the UVM team--with support from the National Science Foundation--built a scanning laser microscope,
as the scientists surrounding DESY's Franz Kärtner from the Center For free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL) point out.
So-called free-electron lasers (FELS) generate flashes of laser light by sending high-speed electrons from a particle accelerator down an undulating path,
Standard OCT systems gather 3d data and often require sophisticated lasers systems and light detectors,
Incoming plasmons, created by laser light at one end of the array, travel though this air gap between the bridges and the bottom gold layer.
such as surface markers or proteins, with flourescent probes attached to antibodies and pass those cells through lasers.
When the lasers hit them, the fluorescent probes emit different wavelengths of light, which are detected by the cytometer
The discovery has been published in the renown scientific journal Nature Materials with the title nhancement of the chemical stability in confined d-Bi2o3 wherein the DTU-researchers describe in detail how they used advanced Pulse Laser Deposition (PLD
NRL is also looking at spinel for the windows on lasers operating in maritime and other hostile environments. e got to worry about wave slap and saltwater and things like that,
(and other materials) for next generation (NEXTGEN) lasers. asers can be thought of as a box comprised of optics,
For passive laser applications, like exit apertures (windows), the key is high quality. hat window, if it got any impurities or junk,
it can absorb that laser light, says Sanghera. hen it absorbs, things heat up, which can cause the window to break.
For active laser applications, theye demonstrated how sintering can be used with materials other than spinel to make a laser that xcellent optical quality.
NRL has transitioned both types of laser materials and applications to industry. What makes NRL tick is solving problems Sanghera came to NRL in 1988,
his fiber can remote the energy from the laser, which is inside the platform, to a device on the outside,
all the different types of fibers and configurations and materials required to enable these eye-safer and NEXTGEN lasers.
#Perseverance paves way for wind laser Developing new satellite instruments is always challenging, but at times more head-scratching is needed to create something truly cutting-edge.
but its wind lasers are now ready and the task of putting the rest of the instrument together can begin
The laser generates UV light which is beamed towards Earth. This light bounces off air molecules and small particles such as dust, ice and droplets of water in the atmosphere.
By comparing these frequencies with the original laser, the winds below the satellite can be determined.
and testing both lasers. Despite numerous setbacks in particular issues associated with them working properly in a vacuum,
Both lasers have now been delivered to Airbus Defence and Space in Toulouse, France, ready to be integrated into the rest of Aladin.
Alessandro Dttavi, the Aladin System Engineering Manager at Selex-ES Pomezia, near Rome, has worked on the laser
the team spirit and motivation has remained always high. ow that the lasers are both safely in the hands of Airbus in France we wish them well with integrating them into the Aladin instrument
Giuseppe Pulella, Programme Manager for the laser transmitter at the Selex-ES factory near Florence, added, e have been working at the forefront of optics
including testing the life of the spare laser, but we now feel that we have mastered the main challenges that earlier stalled its development.
The Aladin team at Airbus have had the first laser since last year and have carried already out some important tests on its optics.
However, the arrival of the second laser allows the team to move on and assemble and test the full instrument
he delivery of the second flight laser is a major achievement by Selex-ES, who have overcome major technology issues along the way. he contributions of Airbus Defence and Space,
NEW METHOD Randomly scattered laser light appears as a finely grained speckle pattern as a result of interference of many scattered light paths.
and the laser light is shone upon the scattering surface. The lens creates a speckle pattern that can be scanned on the object.
and lattice vibrations in a crystal of lithium niobate and to observe how a laser focused onto a glass plate creates a hot, rapidly expanding plume of plasma.
Such as the laser ignition of fusion, the phase transition of materials, and the dynamics of a Coulomb explosion.
the necessary clearance from laser beampaths, the high velocity of the debris ind, and the limited access for exchange once it is loaded in the DIM.
A superfluid with loops The team first used a combination of laser cooling and evaporative cooling methods,
the researchers used a set of lasers to create a crystalline array of atoms, or optical lattice.
and a half to optimize the lasers and electronic controls to avoid any extraneous pushing of the atoms,
showed that a special technique using a laser to detect the subtle differences in blood flow beneath the skin enabled researchers to tell the difference between malignant melanoma and non-cancerous moles.
55 patients with atypical moles agreed to have monitored their skin by researchers at Pisa University Hospital using a laser Doppler system.
The laser Doppler was used to record the complex interactions taking place in the minute blood vessels beneath their suspicious mole for around 30 minutes.
and the results were compared with the information obtained noninvasively sing the laser Doppler scan. The laser Doppler signal correctly identified 100%of the patients with malignant skin.
Professor Aneta Stefanovska of Lancaster University said: e used our knowledge of blood flow dynamics to pick up on markers
has developed a technology that fires and recaptures scattered laser light to literally ee around corners. The system sends a pulse of laser light off of a wall or surface and into a nonvisible space.
The scattering photons from the laser bounce off obstacles and make their way back to sensors in the camera.
The dimensions of that unseen space are recreated then based on the time stamp of the photons that scatter back to the camera.
Next they dyed the sample with 14 different dyes in a narrow emission window and excited and photoswitched the molecules with one laser.
Semiconductor lasers typically emit into elliptical beams that are really hard to work with and the new metasurface optical components could replace expensive optical systems used to circularize the beams.
Even lasers the most perfect light source known, carry this level of fluctuating noise. This is when things get stranger still,
By scattering faint laser light from the quantum dot, the noise of part of the electromagnetic field was reduced to an extremely precise and low level
red) and probed the laser-induced structural changes with a subsequent electron pulse (probe pulse, blue).
and evolve in response to laser light. Researchers at SLAC placed their monolayer samples which were prepared by Linyou Cao group at North carolina State university, into a beam of very energetic electrons.
the physics of optical diffraction limit how small a laser spot can be used, which ultimately limits the resolution of the technique.
The laser also damages surrounding cells which can cause artery damage and other serious problems.
and destroy the cells with a far more precise technique that uses low-level red light illumination instead of a high power laser.
and high power lasers char the tissue in the heart. This treatment is much easier and much safer.
#Laser-printed holograms could enable'smart windows'Making holograms isn't easy-it requires expensive equipment, complex physics and time-consuming recording techniques.
Haider Butt and his colleagues overcame those problems using a nanosecond laser than can print ink holograms about a square centimetre in size in just five nanoseconds."
The astro-comb works by injecting 8000 lines of laser light into the spectrograph. They hit the same pixels as starlight of the same wavelength.
since the researchers needed to convert red laser light to green frequencies. They did it by making small fibers that convert one color of light to another.
and are no longer coordinated in space and time (in contrast to laser light). Experiments more than a decade ago,
if laser light is available? Because in many measurement environments (such as light coming from astronomical sources) coherent light is not available,
and manufacture it more efficiently using an optimized laser process. Transformers convert the standard voltage from the wall outlet into the lower voltages required by electronic devices.
Laser processing has long become established as the preferred method for this type of heat treatment.
The main aim of this research is to facilitate the integration of laser processing in existing production environments in order to save time and costs.
This type of laser offers better heat absorption characteristics than traditional CO2 lasers says Wetzig.
The benefits of laser processing in the case of non-grain-oriented electrical steel vary according to the working point of the specific engine or motor.
#How metallic alloys reorganize during microscale laser melting processes: Elements of successful connections High-power lasers that can selectively cut
and move about inside a laser-generated surface'plume'1--findings that can advance additive manufacturing techniques used to print three-dimensional (3d) objects.
Recently, the A*STAR team demonstrated that laser surface melting of these alloys enhances their corrosion resistance as a result of a notable enhancement in the surface concentration of aluminum.
however, to make the link between the initial alloy composition and the final product after laser processing,
as many complex interactions occur in the cloudlike plume of laser-generated vapor particles. Guan and her team designed a new experimental setup that can quantify
which molten alloy elements are ejected into the laser plume. They positioned a thin silicon substrate perpendicular to a Mg-Al-based alloy a few millimeters from the laser firing point.
Laser pulses then generated a plume that deposited onto the silicon surface. When the researchers used a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to examine the deposits,
they saw clear evidence of a phase explosion--a mixture of liquid and vaporized particles thrown out by the laser impact.
the population of Al ions rises in the middle of the near-field region close to the laser firing point.
"Our chemical analysis of the transport rates and distribution of vaporized species in the plume offers improved understanding of critical laser processes, including those used in additive manufacturing,
#Laser comb system maps 3-D surfaces remotely for manufacturing, forensics Researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have demonstrated a laser-based imaging system that creates high-definition 3d maps of surfaces from as far away as 10.5 meters.
The method may be useful in diverse fields including precision machining and assembly as well as in forensics.
NIST's 3d mapping system combines a form of laser detection and ranging (LADAR) which is sensitive enough to detect weak reflected light with the ranging accuracy made possible by frequency combs as previously demonstrated at NIST.
The frequency comb a tool for precisely measuring different frequencies of light is used to continuously calibrate the laser in the imaging system.
Operating with laser power of just 9 milliwatts --which is safe for the eyes at the instrument's infrared wavelength--NIST's 3d mapping system scans a target object point by point across a grid measuring the distance to each point.
LADAR typically measures distance based on the round-trip flight time of laser light which reflects off the target
In the NIST LADAR system the laser sweeps continuously across a band of frequencies. The initial laser output is combined with the reflected light
and the resulting beat signals are converted to voltage and analyzed by digital signal processing to generate time delay data
However by including a frequency comb to continuously calibrate the swept laser the NIST system can operate much more rapidly yielding one measurement point every half a millisecond
Comb-calibrated laser ranging for three-dimensional surface profiling with micrometer-level precision at a distance.
#Laser scientists create portable sensor for nitrous oxide, methane Rice university scientists have created a highly sensitive portable sensor to test the air for the most damaging greenhouse gases.
and laser pioneer Frank Tittel and his group uses a thumbnail-sized quantum cascade laser (QCL) as well as tuning forks that cost no more than a dime to detect very small amounts of nitrous oxide and methane.
That allows for far better detection of gases than more common lasers that operate in the near-infrared.
and is far better able to detect trace amounts of gas than lasers used in the past.
Co-authors include Rice graduate student Wenzhe Jiang and former Rice Laser Science Group members Przemystaw Stefanski, Rafat Lewicki, Jiawei Zhang and Jan Tarka.
and then cooled them down with more laser light to just above absolute zero. The charged atoms can then be trapped using voltages applied to nearby metallic surfaces.
Mass-Selected Photoelectron Circular Dichroism (MS-PECD) uses circularly polarised light produced by a laser to ionise the molecules using a couple of photons to knock an electron out of the chiral molecule to leave a positively charged ion behind.
Instead of using lasers or cameras and algorithms or satellite GPS, this is guided by a cable that emits a electromagnetic signal.
#The First White Laser Scientists and engineers at Arizona State university, in Tempe, have created the first lasers that can shine light over the full spectrum of visible colors.
The device inventors suggest the laser could find use in video displays, solid-state lighting, and a laser-based version of Wi-fi. Although previous research has created red, blue, green and other lasers,
each of these lasers usually only emitted one color of light. Creating a monolithic structure capable of emitting red, green,
and blue all at once has proven difficult because it requires combining very different semiconductors. Growing such mismatched crystals right next to each other often results in fatal defects throughout each of these materials.
Lasers could be far more energy-efficient than LEDS: While LED-based lighting produces up to about 150 lumens per watt of electricity,
lasers could produce more than 400 lumens per watt, says Cun-Zheng Ning, a physicist and electrical engineer at Arizona State university at Tempe who worked on the laser.
In addition, he says that white lasers could also lead to video displays with more vivid colors and higher contrast than conventional displays.
Another important potential application could be"Li-Fi, "the use of light to connect devices to the Interenet.
He suggests white-laser based Li-Fi could be 10 to 100 times faster than LED-based Li-Fi,
because the lasers can encode data much faster than white LEDS. In the future, the scientists plan to explore
whether they can excite these lasers with electricity instead of with light pulses. They detailed their findings online 27 july in the journal Nature Nanotechnology N
#Laser-Radio links Upgrade the Internet The rise of Wi-fi and cellular data services made Internet access more convenient and ubiquitous.
Technology that uses parallel radio and laser links to move data through the air at high speeds,
AOPTIX teamed up the laser and radio links to compensate for weaknesses with either technology used alone.
The radio and laser equipment inside an AOPTIX device move automatically to compensate for the swaying of a cell tower caused by wind.
Magic Leap is also trying to recruit people skilled in lasers, mobile and wireless electronics, cameras,
or laser-scanning, to make sure it stays between rows of mature cornstalks without hitting them.
that industry often uses manual assembly to put them together. n the field of optical electronics people have not found a good way to integrate indium phosphide lasers with silicon components,
Laser-sealing eye blood vessels can save central vision, but this often sacrifices peripheral and night vision, according to the researchers at the Johns hopkins university and the University of Maryland.
Laser-sealing eye blood vessels can save central vision, but this often sacrifices peripheral and night vision, according to the researchers at the Johns hopkins university and the University of Maryland.
At the heart of the new technology is a piece of nano-engineered silica glass with ions that fluoresce in infrared light when a low power laser light hits them.
At the heart of the new technology is a piece of nano-engineered silica glass with ions that fluoresce in infrared light when a low power laser light hits them.
& Laser It took some time, but, in the end, the first 3d printer entirely made in Romania by Symme3d looks like it has been worth the wait.
or welding (ultrasonic, laser or spot). Source: http://www. cap-xx. com c
#Scientists Develop Entirely Artificial Molecular Pump The new machine mimics the pumping mechanism of life-sustaining proteins that move small molecules around living cells to metabolize and store energy from food.
when irradiated with laser light of a specific wavelength. One such'chameleon protein'is called Dendra 2,
when it is irradiated by intensive violet or ultraviolet (UV) laser light. Two-laser combination Dempsey and Pantazis specifically discovered that
when Dendra 2 is irradiated by both a blue and a red laser at the same time,
the protein's colour can also change to red. For this dual-colour illumination low intensity laser light is sufficient.
In contrast to high intensity violet or ultraviolet (UV) irradiation it does not damage living cells.
the proteins that are activated not at the same time by the two lasers retain their original colour. The researchers have developed a simple and inexpensive colour filter,
which can be used with the conventional confocal laser microscopes that are found in many biomedical research institutes.
the filter divides the laser light into separate blue and red beams that are directed on to a small focal point on the object.
as measured by a pair of laser Doppler vibrometers and observed in spectrum analysis of the cantilever's oscillating frequencies."
The atoms were cooled then down with more laser light to a temperature immediately above absolute zero. Using voltages applied to metallic surfaces in very close proximity,
the new approach involves bouncing laser light off individual bacteria under the microscope, creating holographic images of them,
"Employing laser holographic techniques, we achieved rapid and label-free identification of bacterial species at the single bacterium level with a single-shot measurement,
which features 10-nanometer spatial resolution infrared chemical mapping in an easy-to-use, laser-safe package.
a laser is focused onto a small spot on the sample by each microlens. The laser light causes the sample to fluoresce,
emitting specific wavelengths of light that differ depending on the molecules that are present. This fluorescence is imaged then back onto the camera.
These dyes respond to laser light by fluorescing at specific frequencies so they can be detected and localized with high precision.
Modern telecommunications use laser light with a wavelength of one and a half micrometers, which accordingly is the lower limit for the size of a modulator.
The research, ield-Portable Smartphone Microscopy Platform for Wide-field Imaging and Sizing of Single DNA Molecules, was presented at the Optical Society Conference on Laser and Electro optics (CLEO) 2015 h
As the beam hits these molecules, it can produce photons that have a different frequency from the laser light.
if scientists want to use a different laser to test the same molecules. In turn, this requires more chemical molecules and substrates,
Australian Research Council (ARC) Research Fellow with the University Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), compared the instrument to an ptical dog nosewhich uses a special laser to measure the molecular content
The heating or cooling could be done locally with lasers, tiny heaters, or thermoelectric devices placed at specific locations in the microfluidic devices.
#Oil Droplets Into Human Cells, Harvard Medical school Study Scientists have turned individual cells into miniature lasers by injecting them with droplets of oil
generating a laser. Yun had reported previously a method for generating laser light by engineering cells to express a fluorescent jellyfish protein,
then placing a single such cell between a pair of external mirrors2. His latest work goes a step further,
producing a cell with a self-contained laser. Conventional luminescent probes, which include fluorescent dyes and proteins, have relatively broad emission spectra.
or very exciting to adapt the knowledge that's in the traditional laser community and explore that in this platform to optimize laser characteristics,
says Yun. He cautions that the technique is not yet ready for therapeutic use. But eventually the modified cells could be used to locate target tissue,
#Lasers have turned this metal super hydrophobic The ability to repel water has so many potential uses.
-and nanoscale structures onto the surface of metal--building on earlier work that used laser-patterning to absorb light to render metal black--creating a material that both absorbs light
Principle Investigator Yoichi Ochiai and his fellow researchers at DNG have found a way to use lasers,
Using femtosecond lasers (a femtosecond is a quadrillionth of a second, and the lasers transmit bursts that last 30 to 270 femtoseconds),
the team can make holograms that are safe to touch, Popular Science reports. The images are three-dimensional, with resolutions up to 200
when the laser focused energy ionizes the air. According to Ochiai, when touched the hologram texture feels like sandpaper.
and femtosecond lasers to create images, the DNG researchers say preceding studies haven achieved resolution this high,
Since the lasers fire at such a high speeds, theye able to react in realtime, and researchers have demonstrated its ability to make usable holographic checkboxes
researchers fired their femtosecond laser through a spatial light modulator, which continues the beam through a series of lenses, a mirror and a Galvano scanner,
The laser itself can transmit up to 7w, and this 1 cubic centimeter experiment only used 1w of the laser power l
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