They used laser light to melt copper and gold into micrometre-sized droplets and deposited these in a controlled manner.
High energy In this study, the researchers used a surprisingly high laser energy in comparison to earlier work,
In previous attempts, physicists used low laser energies. This allowed them to print smaller drops,
They had predicted previously this speed for different laser energies and materials. This means that the results can be translated readily to other metals as well.
One remaining problem is that the high laser energy also results in droplets landing on the substrate next to the desired location.
#3d potential through laser annihilation (Nanowerk News) Whether in the pages of H g wells, the serial adventures of Flash gordon,
or that epic science fiction saga that is Star wars, the appearance of laser beamsor rays or phasers or blastersultimately meant the imminent disintegration of our hero
Phay Ho, Chris Knight and Linda Young, Argonne National Laboratory) Today we recognize the laser is reality beyond science fiction,
Yet, harnessing the once-fabled destructive capabilities of certain lasers is proving invaluable on the path toward scientific discovery.
The x-ray electron-free laser (XFEL) is the perfect example of new technology and old perceptions converging on that narrow boundary between science and science fiction.
#Sweeping lasers snap together nanoscale geometric grids Down at the nanoscale, where objects span just billionths of a meter,
an intensely hot laser swept across the sample to transform disordered polymer blocks into precise arrangements in just seconds."
"Our laser technique forces the materials to assemble in a particular way. We can then build structures layer-by-layer,
"Laser-assembled nanowires For the first step in grid construction, the team took advantage of their recent invention of laser zone annealing (LZA) to produce the extremely localized thermal spikes needed to drive ultra-fast self-assembly.
The sweeping laser's heat causes the elastic layer to expandike shrinkwrap in reversehich pulls
"The direction of the laser sweeping across each unassembled layer determines the orientation of the nanowire rows,
"We shift that laser direction on each layer, and the way the rows intersect and overlap shapes the grid.
Laser light is coupled into the resonator through this fibre. The plane mirror is moved point by point with respect to the fibre
#Making new materials with micro-explosions (Nanowerk News) Scientists have made exotic new materials by creating laser-induced micro-explosions in silicon,
"Experimental evidence of new tetragonal polymorphs of silicon formed through ultrafast laser-induced confined microexplosion").
or phases, in silicon and seen indications of potentially four more,"said Professor Rode, a laser physicist at the ANU Research School of Physics and Engineering (RSPE)."
By focusing lasers onto silicon buried under a clear layer of silicon dioxide, the group have perfected a way to reliably blast tiny cavities in the solid silicon.
they are guided by a deep understanding of how lasers interact with matter, "he said. Conventional methods for creating materials with high pressure use tiny diamond anvils to poke
However, the ultra-short laser micro-explosion creates pressures many times higher than the strength of diamond crystal can produce.
A laser measures this deflection, and models convert the data to reveal information about the materials composition.
#Better memory with faster lasers DVDS and Blu-ray disks contain so-called phase-change materials that morph from one atomic state to another after being struck with pulses of laser light, with data"recorded"in those two atomic states.
"When the laser light interacts with a phase-change material, its atomic structure changes from an ordered crystalline arrangement to a more disordered,
Thus, with a nanosecond laser,"the fastest you can record information is one information unit
people have started to use femtosecond lasers, which can potentially record one unit every one millionth of a billionth of a second.
regardless of the laser speeds used.""Even if there is a laser faster than a femtosecond laser,
there will be a limit as to how fast this transition can occur and information can be recorded, just because of the physics of these phase-change materials,
ROM storage, including CDS and DVDS, uses phase-change materials and lasers to store information. Although ROM records
and thus reflects more laser light to the side than in the normal position. This light attenuation is measured by a photodiode at one end of the fibre.
the physicists illuminate the bead with an additional, weak laser. They use the Doppler effect here,
as the laser light experiences losses as it is transmitted in the PCF, and thus the glass bead can no longer be trapped above a certain length.
The condensate is created by first exciting a sufficient number of polaritons using a laser and then observed via the blue light it emits.
The condensate is created by first exciting a sufficient number of polaritons using a laser and then observed via the blue light it emits.
Toward future polariton lasers and optical transistors In a condensate, the polaritons all behave the same way, like photons in a laser.
The study of room-temperature condensates paves the way for future technological breakthroughs such as polariton micro-lasers using low-cost organic materials,
so that the external laser used for pumping could be replaced by more practical electrical pumping. Fertile ground for studying fundamental questions According to Professor Maier, this research is also creating a platform to facilitate the study of fundamental questions in quantum mechanics."
While lasers can fit this requirement they are too energy-hungry and unwieldy to integrate into computer chips.
When a laser shines on the surface of a silver cube just 75 nanometers wide,
"There is great interest in replacing lasers with LEDS for short-distance optical communication, but these ideas have always been limited by the slow emission rate of fluorescent materials,
"The heating or cooling could be done locally with lasers, tiny heaters, or thermoelectric devices placed at specific locations in the microfluidic devices.
Modern telecommunications use laser light with a wavelength of one and a half micrometers, which accordingly is the lower limit for the size of a modulator.
Exposing the material to a pulsing laser light causes electrons to move from one energy level called the valence band to a higher energy level called the conduction band.
The pulsing laser light changes the AZO's index of refraction, which, in turn, modulates the amount of reflection
#Laser'tricorder'can diagnose malaria through the skin It's a weapon that fights malaria a laser scan can give an accurate diagnosis in seconds,
The laser's wavelength doesn't harm human tissue, but is absorbed by hemozoin waste crystals that are produced by the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum
An oscilloscope placed on the skin alongside the laser senses these nanoscale bubbles when they start popping,
But Lapotko's team is confident it can overcome this effect by switching to a different wavelength of laser
#Living lasers made by injecting oil droplets into human cells Light fantastic (Image: Matja Humar and Seok Hyun Yun) Individual cells have been turned into tiny lasers. t actually super-easy,
says Matja Humar of Harvard Medical school. The feat allows cells to be labelled and monitored more accurately,
they performed the same function as the oil droplets, emitting laser light when excited. The final way involved exploiting the fatty droplets that exist naturally within living cells. e all have these fat cells inside our tissue.
We are made all of lasers, says Humar. The first two approaches were tested on human cells, the last on pig cells.
However laser light is characterised by having an extremely narrow range of wavelengths. That means it is theoretically possible,
to give every single cell in the human body a unique, identifiable laser signature, Humar says.
which focuses exclusively on the macrophage route to converting cells into lasers, goes further in laying out its potential applications.
and of applications for terahertz technologies, underscored by a busy panel session at the LASER World of Photonics show in Munich.
potentially offering advantages over laser-scanning confocal, two-photon and light-sheet microscopy. Developed by Columbia University professor Dr. Elizabeth Hillman and graduate student Matthew Bouchard,
Using a 488-nm laser, it cannot penetrate tissue as deeply as two-photon microscopy.
#Ultrafast Lasers Create 3-D Crystal Waveguides in Glass Ultrafast Lasers Create 3-D Crystal Waveguides in Glassbethlehem, Pa.
"A polarized light field microscope image shows crystal junctions written inside glass with a femtosecond laser.
#Laser-Writing of DVDS May have a Speed limit Phase-change materials used in DVDS and other digital storage media pass through a previously unknown intermediate atomic state under laser pulses.
The speed with which data can be recorded is determined both by the laser's pulse width
With a nanosecond laser,"the fastest you can record information is one information unit, one 0 or 1,
people have started to use femtosecond lasers, which can potentially record one unit every one millionth of a billionth of a second.
regardless of the laser speeds used.""Even if there is a laser faster than a femtosecond laser,
there will be a limit as to how fast this transition can occur and information can be recorded, just because of the physics of these phase-change materials,"said postdoctoral scholar Giovanni Vanacore."
The microlenses then illuminated a smalls part of the sample with a lasers and imaged the resulting fluorescence signals.
#Superfast Lasers Create A Hologram You Can Touch The halls of science fiction are decorated well with dreams of hologramsules Verne introduced holography to literature in 1893 with The Castle of the Carpathians,
Now, researchers at the Digital Nature Group (DNG) have found a way to use lasers,
Using femtosecond lasers (a femtosecond is a quadrillionth of a second, and the lasers transmit bursts that last 30 to 270 femtoseconds),
the team can make holograms that are safe to touch. The images are three-dimensional, with resolutions up to 200,000 dots per second.
when the laser's focused energy ionizes the air. When touched the laser feels like sandpaper,
says principal investigator Yoichi Ochiai, although some participants thought the plasma felt a little like a static shock.
This isn't the first attempt at using femtosecond lasers to form air plasma, says Chunlei Guo, professor of optics and physics at the University of Rochester,
but the study should help in designing future femtosecond laser displays. Although previous studies have used nanosecond
and femtosecond lasers to create images, the DNG researchers say preceding studies haven't achieved resolution this high,
Since the lasers fire at such a high speeds they're able to react in realtime,
researchers fired their femtosecond laser through a spatial light modulator, which continues the beam through a series of lenses, a mirror and a Galvano scanner,
The key to making these holograms safe is the shorter duration of the laser bursts.
if the lasers fired in more than two second bursts, they burnt the leather researchers used to simulate skin.
The laser itself can transmit up to 7w and this 1 cubic centimeter experiment only used 1w of the laser power s
#For the first time, A Laser That Shines Pure White The emission of Arizona State university's white laser.
The laser is a versatile tool in the modern technological arsenal. It can provide immense energy to a precise location at a very specific wavelength,
lasers emit light at a single specific wavelength. Until now. A team from Arizona State university has built a white laser that simultaneously fires in red, green and blue, covering more than 90 percent of the colors perceptible to the human eye.
The laser is modulated by a synthetic nanosheet, a multi-segmented, layered material that can emit in red, green,
and blue light in different proportions, based on the light applied to each segment. The wavelength spans 191 nanometers,
which the study claims is reported the largest for a laser of this kind. Researchers rewthe material
So, we have a white laser. What does that mean? Well, lasers are being used more and more in transparent laser displays,
even garnering interest from Apple. Being able to reproduce the color white with a laser is huge step towards making these technologies more viable.
These lasers also have immense possibility in data transfer. Wireless data transfer using light has already been demonstrated at blistering gigabit speeds using white LED LIGHTS.
Lasers are already an improvement over LEDS, because Li-Fi works by reading slight modulations of light,
and lasers can be tuned far more finely than LEDS. White light allows those signals to be transmitted over multiple areas of the color spectrum
which is effectively adding more pathways for data to travel. The ASU team calls their white laser he ultimate form of such a light
#New Sun-Blocking Material Uses Compounds From Algae And Fish Researchers have used compounds found in algae
The spirals also have a distinctive response to polarized laser light. Linearly polarized light, like that produced by a Polaroid filter, vibrates in a single plane.
when circularly polarized laser light is used. In circularly polarized light, the polarization plane rotates either clockwise or counterclockwise.
ultra-quick lasers to produce holograms that can be physically felt and respond to human touch.
that are created when the focused energy of a laser ionises the surrounding air. The lasers used by the team from the University of Tsukuba's Digital Nature Group (DNG) are special femtosecond lasers transmitting in bursts of 30 to 270 femtoseconds (1 femtosecond is a quadrillionth of a second
Combined with a spatial light modulator, a mirror, and a Galvano scanner (used to precisely target lasers),
the DNG team was able to create shapes up to 1 cm cubed with a resolution of up to 200,000 dots-per-second at the highest setting.
The key to preventing the lasers from burning skin was reducing the duration of the laser's bursts-the sweet spot was between 50 milliseconds and 1 second.
But the crucial point is that the individual laser pixels work. Scaling it up to a display with many pixels is not a problem says Jrg Reitterer (Trilite Technologies and Phd-student in the team of Professor Ulrich Schmid at the Vienna University of Technology.
Every single 3d-Pixel (also called Trixel) consists of lasers and a moveable mirror. The mirror directs the laser beams across the field of vision from left to right.
so that different laser flashes are sent into different directions says Ulrich Schmid. To experience the 3d effect the viewer must be positioned in a certain distance range from the screen.
#Laser-induced graphene'super'for electronics: Flexible 3-D supercapacitors tested Rice university scientists advanced their recent development of laser-induced graphene (LIG) by producing
and testing stacked, three-dimensional supercapacitors, energy storage devices that are important for portable, flexible electronics. The Rice lab of chemist James Tour discovered last year that firing a laser at an inexpensive polymer burned off other elements and left a film of porous graphene, the much-studied atom-thick
lattice of carbon. The researchers viewed the porous, conductive material as a perfect electrode for supercapacitors or electronic circuits.
An electron microscope image shows the cross section of laser-induced graphene burned into both sides of a polyimide substrate.
since their work to make vertically aligned supercapacitors with laser-induced graphene on both sides of a polymer sheet.
Funded through a National Science Foundation Major Research Instrumentation grant, the new highly sensitive, laser-based instrument provides scientists with a method to more accurately measure global human exposure to mercury.
titled"Deployment of a sequential two-photon laser-induced fluorescence sensor for the detection of gaseous elemental mercury at ambient levels:
But any quantum computer--say one whose qubits are trapped laser ions or nitrogen atoms embedded in diamond--would still benefit from using entangled photons to move quantum information around.
After writing a quantum state onto the nuclear spin of the europium using laser light the team subjected the crystal to a combination of a fixed and oscillating magnetic fields to preserve the fragile quantum information.
This opens up applications such as beam shaping in laser processing of materials, or even fast and high power control of light beams for free space optical communications using orbital angular momentum to increase signal bandwidth,
i e. we can make this system transparent again by adding another laser at a specially chosen wavelength nearby.
The material was made in a single steel sheet using lasers to engrave"chiral, "or geometric microstructure patterns,
and manufacture a laser with these parameters exactly as required. Even when a suitable solution exists the size the complexity
and ease of operation of the laser are further critical considerations. The new method works on a fundamentally different principle to existing pulsed lasers.
It relies upon the coherent combination of multiple semiconductor lasers each operating continuous-wave at different precisely defined frequencies (wavelengths.
Through the precise control of the amplitude and phase of each laser's output it is possible to produce complex pulsed optical waveforms with a huge degree of user flexibility.
The key to making the approach work is to phase-lock the semiconductor lasers to an optical frequency comb
which ensures the individual lasers have well-defined mutual coherence. David Wu lead author of the study
First it is easily scalable--by combining a larger number of input lasers shorter or more complicated-shape pulses and/or more power can be obtained.
Finally it consists of miniature and low-cost semiconductor lasers that can be integrated all on the same chip making our pulse generator potentially very compact robust energetically efficient and low-cost.
A surgeon-controlled laser can be directed at any area of interest. In addition an imaging system with three cameras sits above the surgical field.
#Laser-generated surface structures create extremely water-repellent self-cleaning metals Super-hydrophobic materials are desirable for a number of applications such as rust prevention anti-icing or even in sanitation uses.
and his colleague at the University's Institute of Optics Anatoliy Vorobyev describe a powerful and precise laser-patterning technique that creates an intricate pattern of micro
This work builds on earlier research by the team in which they used a similar laser-patterning technique that turned metals black.
Guo adds that one of the big advantages of his team's process is that the structures created by our laser on the metals are intrinsically part of the material surface.
Unlike Guo's laser-treated metals the Teflon kitchen tools are not super-hydrophobic. The difference is that to make water to roll off a Teflon coated material you need to tilt the surface to nearly a 70-degree angle before the water begins to slide off.
Guo's team had blasted previously materials with the lasers and turned them hydrophilic meaning they attract water.
Guo's team is now planning on focusing on increasing the speed of patterning the surfaces with the laser as well as studying how to expand this technique to other materials such as semiconductors
International team of scientists constructs first germanium-tin semiconductor laser for silicon chips The transfer of data between multiple cores as well as between logic elements and memory cells is regarded as a bottleneck in the fast-developing computer technology.
Typical semiconductor lasers for telecommunication systems made of gallium arsenide for example however are costly and consist of elements from main groups III
Such laser components cannot therefore be applied directly onto silicon. They have to be produced externally at great effort
The scientists at Julich's Peter Grunberg Institute have succeeded now for the first time in creating a real direct main group IV semiconductor laser by combining germanium and tin
The functioning of the laser is limited so far to low temperatures of up to minus 183 degrees Celsius however.
Siegfried Mantl's group at PGI-9 Stephan Wirths applied the laser directly onto a silicon wafer
Phd student Richard Geiger fabricated the laser structures there. That way we were able to demonstrate that the germanium-tin compound can amplify optical signals as well as generate laser light reports Dr. Hans Sigg from the Laboratory for Micro and Nanotechnology.
The laser was excited optically for the demonstration. Currently the scientists in Dr. Dan Buca's group at Julich are working on linking optics and electronics even more closely.
The next big step forward will be generating laser light with electricity instead and without the need for cooling if possible.
The aim is to create an electrically pumped laser that functions at room temperature. The laser beam is not visible to the naked eye.
Gesn absorbs and emits light in a wavelength range of about 3 micrometres. Many carbon compounds such as greenhouse gases
#Diode lasers bars with 2 kw output power for ultra-high power laser applications The FBH presented the latest results from their project Cryolaser at CLEO 2015,
demonstrating for the first time that a single 1-cm laser bar can deliver at least 2 kilowatt (kw) of optical output power,
High energy laser applications of the future: these are the target of current diode laser research at the Ferdinand-Braun-Institut, Leibniz-Institut für Höchstfrequenztechnik (FBH.
Worldwide, teams of scientists and technologists are working on a new generation of ultra-high energy lasers.
These are tools for basic science, for novel medical applications and, not least, for laser-induced fusion.
Specifically diode lasers bars in the wavelength range 930 to 970 nm are the fundamental building blocks for pump sources for Ytterbium-doped crystals in large laser facilities,
The individual laser bars in these pump sources have a typical output power between 300 and 500 Watts.
Such bars have the potential to play an important role in future high-energy-class laser facilities.
Described in The Optical Society (OSA) journal, Optics Express, the new approach involves bouncing laser light off individual bacteria under the microscope,
"Employing laser holographic techniques, we achieved rapid and label-free identification of bacterial species at the single bacterium level with a single-shot measurement,
the group said it had employed ultrafast femtosecond lasers to produce a three-dimensional single crystal capable of guiding light waves through glass with little loss of light.
The article, published May 19, is titled"Direct laser-writing of ferroelectric single-crystal waveguide architectures in glass for 3d integrated optics."
therefore essential for 3d laser-fabrication of PICS to achieve its full potential.""To pattern crystals in glass, the Lehigh-led group employed femtosecond lasers,
whose speed and precision make them useful for cataract and other eye surgeries. A femtosecond is one-quadrillionth,
Pulses emitted by femtosecond lasers last between a few femtoseconds and hundreds of femtoseconds. Scientists have been attempting for years to make crystals in glass in order to prevent light from being scattered as light signals are transmitted,
"The femtosecond laser provides several critical advantages, say Dierolf and Jain. The high intensity of the laser pulse enables nonlinear optical absorption.
The precise focus enables researchers to control where the laser is focused and where light is absorbed."
"The unique focus of the femtosecond laser also makes it possible to"write"the crystal inside the glass and not on its surface."
"Somehow, you have to get the laser inside the glass before you turn it on.
We do that by exploiting a property of the femtosecond lasers--that only at the focal point of the laser is there sufficient intensity to cause the change you want."
"If you double the intensity of the laser, you might get 20 to 100 times more absorption.
and ultrafast heat current created by picosecond--one trillionth of a second--pulses of laser light,"Cahill added."
Arrayat the fair, the FBH exhibits novel dual-wavelength diode lasers that are suitable for use in miniaturized, portable laser measurement systems for Raman spectroscopy applications.
Wavelength selection is realized by separately addressable sections within the laser. The innovative diode laser chip is ideally applicable for SERDS (Shifted Excitation Raman Difference Spectroscopy),
On a footprint of less than 10 cm2, the micro module integrates a 1064 nm distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) tapered laser,
For rapid prototyping applications the FBH has developed DBR ridge waveguide (RW) lasers with 24 individually addressable emitters featuring a wavelength spacing>0. 3 nm and a spectral width<1 pm.
#Sweeping lasers snap together nanoscale geometric grids Now, scientists at the U s. Department of energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory have developed a new technique to rapidly create nano-structured grids for functional materials with unprecedented versatility."
Here, an intensely hot laser swept across the sample to transform disordered polymer blocks into precise arrangements in just seconds."
"Our laser technique forces the materials to assemble in a particular way. We can then build structures layer-by-layer,
"Arrayfor the first step in grid construction, the team took advantage of their recent invention of laser zone annealing (LZA) to produce the extremely localized thermal spikes needed to drive ultra-fast self-assembly.
The sweeping laser's heat causes the elastic layer to expand--like shrinkwrap in reverse
"The direction of the laser sweeping across each unassembled layer determines the orientation of the nanowire rows,
"We shift that laser direction on each layer, and the way the rows intersect and overlap shapes the grid.
Laser light is coupled into the resonator through this fibre. The plane mirror is moved point by point with respect to the fibre
and neodymium using one of the world's fastest lasers, housed in the UW-Madison geoscience department.
"Heating with traditional lasers gave spurious results.""It took three years to perfect the working of the laser and associated mass spectrometry instruments,
Li says. Previous probes of the source of banded iron had focused on iron isotopes.""There has been debate about
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