#Researchers demonstrate thought-controlled exoskeleton Scientists have developed a brain-computer control interface for a lower limb exoskeleton by decoding specific brain signals.
and our study shows that this brain control interface can easily and intuitively control an exoskeleton system
#Brain-training game helps'minimise impact of schizophrenia on life'A rain traininggame improves the cognitive function of people with schizophrenia
The Wizard game will be included as a mode within the popular brain-training app, Peak, after it began a partnership with Cambridge in April 2015. his new app will allow the Wizard memory game to become widely available, inexpensively.
claims DARPA The US military agency DARPA says it has restored successfully a test subject's sense of touch using a prosthetic hand connected directly to the brain.
An array of electrodes was placed in the volunteer's sensory cortex (part of the brain that identifies touch)
with electrical signals sent from the hand to the brain. When blindfolded the subject was able to tell"with almost 100 percent accuracy"which of the mechanical fingers on the hand were being touched."
but without feedback from signals traveling back to the brain, it can be difficult to achieve the level of control needed to perform precise movements,
Massachusetts institute of technology, the brain trust from which CEI was hatched believes using Gan in data servers, electric vehicle inverters
and can affect brain chemicals, inducing antepartum depression and/or anxiety. According to the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, roughly 14-23 percent of women will struggle with symptoms of depression at some point during their pregnancy.
Involuntary link in brain between pelvic floor, other muscles Wherever you are right now: squeeze your glutes.
Scientists studying the source of chronic abdominal and pelvic floor pain found an unexpected connection in the brain between the pelvic floor--the muscle responsible for among other things keeping you from peeing your pants--and various muscles throughout the body.
They then used functional magnetic image resonance (fmri) imaging to show that a specific part of the brain (the medial wall of the precentral gyrus--a part of the primary motor cortex) activates both
and brains and all of the hard work going on in the pelvic floor muscles--without us even know it.
#Research leads to brain cancer clinical trial Researchers at the University of Calgary's Hotchkiss Brain Institute (HBI)
and Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute (SACRI) have made a discovery that could prolong the life of people living with glioblastoma--the most aggressive type of brain cancer.
When these human brain tumour-initiating cells were inserted into an animal model researchers discovered that when using a drug AZD8055 combined with Temozolomide (TMZ)--a drug already taken by most glioblastoma patients--the life of the animals was extended by 30 per cent.
Shutting off vital tumour growth processes can lead to the death of human brain tumour-initiating cells.
Our research has identified a key process in brain tumour growth that we were able to target with AZD8055 says Luchman from the university's Cumming School of medicine and a member of the HBI.
and therapies that can be tested in the clinic provides the greatest hope for brain cancer patients
and their families says Weiss leader of the university's Brain and Mental health strategic research priority.
Glioblastoma is the most common and deadly form of brain cancer among adults. The progression and complexity of the tumours are often difficult to treat.
#Scientists sniff out unexpected role for stem cells in the brain For decades scientists thought that neurons in the brain were born only during the early development period
The olfactory bulb is located in the front of the brain and receives information directly from the nose about odors in the environment.
and relay the signals to the rest of the brain at which point we become aware of the smells we are experiencing.
In a process known as neurogenesis adult-born neuroprogenitor cells are generated in the subventricular zone deep in the brain
In the first set of mouse experiments Dr. Belluscio's team first disrupted the organization of olfactory bulb circuits by temporarily plugging a nostril in the animals to block olfactory sensory information from entering the brain.
According to Dr. Belluscio it is assumed generally that the circuits of the adult brain are quite stable
Because new neurons throughout the brain share many features it seems likely that neurogenesis in other regions such as the hippocampus
Laboratory studies conducted in the University's School of Medical sciences have confirmed that changes in brain water channels over time play a critical role in traumatic brain injury.
For his Phd at the University researcher Dr Joshua Burton tested two compounds that alter the natural flow of water activity in and out of the brain.
The research also has implications for treatment of brain swelling after stroke. One of the serious consequences of traumatic brain injury is an increase in brain moisture content and associated brain swelling which significantly impacts patients'neurological outcomes.
This swelling can occur for days after the initial injury and is frequently life-threatening Dr Burton says.
The water channels normally function to protect the brain but in the case of traumatic injury or stroke they become a pathway of vulnerability that allows swelling.
Unfortunately the swelling creates pressure within the skull--there's nowhere for the brain to expand to--decreasing oxygen levels and blood to the brain.
and an activator at the later stage--we're able to complement the brain's natural healing processes
because it clarifies the roles of aquaporins in the brain during the short and long-term responses to traumatic head injury.
Most current therapeutic approaches are limited in their ability to reduce injury-induced brain swelling and no treatments are available to resolve excess fluid at a later stage.
The brain's blood supply comes from the carotid arteries two large blood vessels that run through the neck.
They affect organs that require a lot of energy including the heart skeletal muscle and brain. They are devastating diseases
#Disputed theory on Parkinsons origin strengthened Parkinson's disease is linked strongly to the degeneration of the brain's movement center.
In 2003 the German neuropathologist Heiko Braak presented a theory suggesting that the disease begins in the gut and spreads to the brain.
Researchers at Lund University in Sweden now present the first direct evidence that the disease can actually migrate from the gut to the brain.
The so-called Braak's hypothesis proposes that the disease process begins in the digestive tract and in the brain's center of smell.
Researchers at Lund University have mapped previously the spread of Parkinson's in the brain. The disease progression is believed to be driven by a misfolded protein that clumps together
Professor Jia-Yi Li's research team has now been able to track this process further from the gut to the brain in rat models.
The experiment shows how the toxic protein alpha-synuclein is transported from one cell to another before ultimately reaching the brain's movement center giving rise to the characteristic movement disorders in Parkinson's disease.
We have now been able to prove that the disease process actually can travel from the peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system in this case from the wall of the gut to the brain.
Certain areas of the brain produce the hormone corticotropin as a stimulator of cortisol release;
As the concentration of cortisol in the blood rises the brain reduces the production of corticotropin.
#Sensor invented that uses radio waves to detect subtle changes in pressure Stanford engineers have invented a wireless pressure sensor that has already been used to measure brain pressure in lab mice with brain injuries.
In a more complex application they used this wireless device to monitor the pressure inside the skull of a lab mouse an achievement that could one day lead to better ways to treat human brain injuries.
Tse tested the wireless pressure sensor as a tool for managing patients with severe brain trauma.
The most devastating problem in such cases is brain swelling. Currently physicians diagnose brain swelling with imaging techniques such as CT SCANS or by monitoring intracranial pressure (ICP) directly.
ICP monitoring is done traditionally using probes that penetrate the skull and are linked to an external monitor via a cable.
There it could be used to measure pressure in the eye socket a relatively easy-to-obtain surrogate for tracking intracranial pressure on the brain.
#Gene that drives aggressive brain cancer found by new computational approach Using an innovative algorithm that analyzes gene regulatory and signaling networks,
Columbia University Medical center (CUMC) researchers have found that loss of a gene called KLHL9 is the driving force behind the most aggressive form of glioblastoma, the most common form of brain cancer.
Using brain scans from the ENIGMA Consortium and genetic information from The Mouse Brain Library he was able to identify a novel gene,
and the corresponding genes and then matching those with genes in mice from the BXD system held in the Mouse Brain Library database we could identify this specific gene that influences neurological diseases."
and contains brain images and gene information from nearly 25,000 subjects. The Mouse Brain Library, established by Professor Robert Williams based at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center,
contains data on over 10,000 brains and numerical data from just over 20,000 mice. David explains why combining the information held by both databases is so useful:"
"The key advantage of working this way is that it is much easier to identify a genetic variant in mice as they live in such controlled environments.
But patterns of electric signals are sent by a computer into nerves in his arm and to his brain,
""The work reactivates areas of the brain that produce the sense of touch, said Tyler, who is also associate director of the Advanced Platform Technology Center at the Cleveland VA
First, the nerves that used to relay the sense of touch to the brain are stimulated by contact points on cuffs that encircle major nerve bundles in the arm,
are read as different stimuli by the brain. The scientists continue to fine-tune the patterns
but they're familiar enough that the brain identifies what it is said, "he. Because of Vonderheuval's and Spetic's continuing progress, Tyler is hopeful the method can lead to a lifetime of use.
and new stimulation techniques may be useful in controlling tremors, deep brain stimulation and more o
it can also be used to send signals in the opposite direction--from the prosthetic arm to the brain.
Electrodes in the nerves can be used to send signals to the brain as sensations coming from the prostheses e
Researchers at Inserm Unit 1073 Nutrition inflammation and dysfunction of the gut-brain axis (Inserm/University of Rouen) have demonstrated the involvement of a protein produced by some intestinal bacteria that may be the source of these disorders.
Sergueï Fetissov's team in Inserm Joint Research Unit 1073 Nutrition inflammation and dysfunction of the gut-brain axis (Inserm/University of Rouen) led by Pierre Déchelotte studies the relationships
and the brain that might explain this dysregulation. The mimic of the satiety hormone In this new study the researchers have identified a protein that happens to be a mimic of the satiety hormone (melanotropin.
#How rabies hijacks neurons to attack brain Rabies causes acute inflammation of the brain, producing psychosis and violent aggression.
Once in the spinal cord, the virus caught the first available train to the brain, where it wrought havoc before speeding through the rest of the body,
#A glimpse into the 3-D brain: How memories form People who wish to know how memory works are forced to take a glimpse into the brain.
They can now do so without bloodshed: RUB researchers have developed a new method for creating 3d models of memory-relevant brain structures.
They published their results in the journal Frontiers in Neuroanatomy. The way neurons are interconnected in the brain is complicated very.
This holds especially true for the cells of the hippocampus. It is one of the oldest brain regions
So far the anatomic knowledge of the networks inside the hippocampus and its connection to the rest of the brain has left scientists guessing which information arrived where and when.
which facilitates the reconstruction of the brain's anatomic data as a 3d model on the computer.
So far it has supplied brain power to help 116 municipalities solve tough challenges. As you'll read below,
#Argentine greenhouse robot brings automation to the masses BUENOS AIRES--The new Trakür agricultural robot does not have the brains, firepower or complexity of one of the Transformers,
Every human brain has the capacity to learn a language the same way we learn our native tongue.
The brain is able to reproduce sounds, and they can pick up on their teacher s native accent.
So far, most (if not all of the products on the market use an external"brain, "a small computer that records data and communicates to a user's smartphone or other systems.
#A Better Way for Brains to Control Robotic Arms Erik Sorto had been paralyzed for 10 years
He would receive a brain implant and try to use the signals it recorded to control a robotic arm.
Erik had no qualms about signing up for brain surgery, but his mother wasn happy about it. he was just being a mom,
our brain is the only part of your body that works just fine. Why would you mess with that?
While a handful of paralyzed people have used previously brain-computer interfaces (BCIS) to control robotic limbs, those subjectsimplants recorded signals from the primary motor cortex,
youe probably using 80 percent of your brain, Donoghue says. The parietal and motor cortices provide similar signals,
Donoghue says. here something we still haven detected about the way the brain does movement.
During the demo, Thync cofounder and CEO Isy Goldwasser explained that the module wasn directly stimulating neurons in my brain (that would be too damn weird for me to try,
which then activates the instinctual fight-or-flight response in your brain to indirectly affect emotional response.
Eventually, the team will work on creating versions that can perform biopsies in the brain bloodstream, and even more locations throughout the body
#Google s Brain-Inspired Software Describes What It Sees in Complex Images Experimental Google software that can describe a complex scene could lead to better image search
Google researchers created the software through a kind of digital brain surgery, plugging together two neural networks developed separately for different tasks.
#Google's Secretive Deepmind Startup Unveils a Neural Turing Machine""One of the great challenges of neuroscience is to understand the short-term working memory in the human brain.
Today Google s secretive Deepmind startup which it bought for $400 million earlier this year unveils a prototype computer that attempts to mimic some of the properties of the human brain s short-term working memory.
Miller was interested in the capacity of the human brain s working memory and set out to measure it with the help of a large number of students who he asked to carry out simple memory tasks.
But however much information a single chunk represents the human brain can store only about seven of them in its working memory.
The human brain has trouble holding this many chunks in its working memory. In cognitive science the ability to understand the components of a sentence
In particular the human brain performs a clever trick to make sense of complex arguments. An interesting question that follows from Miller s early work is this:
Miller s answer is that the brain uses a trick known as a recoding. Let s go back to our example of the book
and understood the first sentence your brain stores those seven chunks in a way that is available as a single chunk in the next sentence.
Our brain automatically knows that it means: the book that is a thrilling read with a complex plot and lifelike characters.
To Miller the brain s ability to recode in this way was one of the keys to artificial intelligence.
He believed that until a computer could reproduce this ability it could never match the performance of the human brain.
Headsets like the Oculus Rift trick your brain into perceiving depth by showing different images to each eye,
Whereas brain-machine interfaces would require invasive surgery for brain implants he wants to connect electronic devices to the peripheral nerves at the site of the injury allowing people to control bionic limbs with their existing nerves
#Nobel for Brain s Location Code The Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine went to three researchers who made key discoveries about how the brain represents an animal s position in space orienting it
In Cracking the Brain s Codes from our July/August issue researchers Christof Koch and Gary Marcus foreshadowed today s Nobel awards:
In July DARPA gave out $40 million in awards to try to develop brain implants that would help brain-injured soldiers recover lost memories
But the brain has 86 billion neurons and scientists still can t claim to have broken more than bits
or firing of neurons in a rat s brain when it reaches a familiar place is just part of the story according to Koch and Marcus s
Izhikevich s startup Brain Corporation based in San diego has developed an operating system for robots called Brainos to make that possible.
Brain Corporation hopes to make money by providing its software to entrepreneurs and companies that want to bring intelligent low-cost robots to market.
Later this year Brain Corporation will start offering a ready-made circuit board with a smartphone processor
Building a trainable robot would involve connecting that brain to a physical robot body. The chip on that board is made by mobile processor company Qualcomm
which is an investor in Brain Corporation. At the Mobile Developers Conference in San francisco last week a wheeled robot with twin cameras powered by one of Brain Corporation s circuit boards was trained live on stage In one demo the robot called
Eyerover was steered along a specific route around a chair sofa and other obstacles a few times. It then repeated the route by itself.
Brain Corporation s software is based on a combination of several different artificial intelligence techniques. Much of the power comes from using artificial neural networks
Brain Corporation was previously collaborating with Qualcomm on new forms of chip that write artificial neural networks into silicon.
Brain Corporation previously experimented with reinforcement learning where a robot starts out randomly trying different behaviors
#Wireless Power for Minuscule Medical Implants Medical implants like pacemakers deep brain stimulators and cochlear implants could someday be joined by still more bioelectronic gadgets devices that regulate insulin levels control
#IBM Chip Processes Data Similar to the Way Your Brain Does A new kind of computer chip,
takes design cues from the wrinkled outer layer of the human brain. Though it is no match for a conventional microprocessor at crunching numbers,
an arrangement inspired by the structure of mammalian brains, which appear to be built out of repeating circuits of 100 to 250 neurons,
says Dharmendra Modha, chief scientist for brain-inspired computing at IBM. Programming the chip involves choosing
Tomohiro Amemiya, a cognitive scientist at NTT Communication Science Laboratories, began the Buru-Navi project in 2004, originally as a way to research how the brain handles sensory illusions.
a neuroscientist at the University of Southern California who has made key findings in the understanding of the brain processes underlying emotion. agree that emotion manipulation is quite common,
#Military Funds Brain-Computer Interfaces to Control Feelings Researcher Jose Carmena has worked for years training macaque monkeys to move computer cursors and robotic limbs with their minds.
He does so by implanting electrodes into their brains to monitor neural activity. Now, as part of a sweeping $70 million program funded by the U s. military,
to use brain implants to read, and then control, the emotions of mentally ill people. This week the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency,
to create electrical brain implants capable of treating seven psychiatric conditions, including addiction, depression, and borderline personality disorder.
The project builds on expanding knowledge about how the brain works; the development of microlectronic systems that can fit in the body;
and substantial evidence that thoughts and actions can be altered with well-placed electrical impulses to the brain. magine if
and then stimulate inside the brain to stop it from happening. The U s. faces an epidemic of mental illness among veterans,
for Systems-Based Neurotechnology for Emerging Therapies. e want to understand the brain networks in neuropsychiatric illness,
and then do precision signaling to the brain, says Sanchez. t something completely different and new.
the brain-mapping program launched by the White house last year, UCSF will receive as much as $26 million and Mass General up to $30 million.
The research builds on a small but quickly growing market for devices that work by stimulating nerves, both inside the brain and outside it.
More than 110,000 Parkinson patients have received deep-brain stimulators built by Medtronic that control body tremors by sending electric pulses into the brain.
the U s. Food & Drug Administration approved Neuropace, the first implant that both records from the brain and stimulates it (see apping Seizures Away.
who have created several prototypes of miniaturized brain implants. Michel Maharbiz, a professor in Berkeley electrical engineering department, says the Obama brain initiative,
and now the DARPA money, has created a eeding frenzyaround new technology. t a great time to do tech for the brain,
The new line of research has been dubbed ffective brain-computer interfacesby some, meaning electronic devices that alter feelings,
wee trying to build the next generation of psychiatric brain stimulators, says Alik Widge, a researcher on the Mass General team.
Fear is generated in the amygdala part of the brain involved in emotional memories. But it can be repressed by signals in another region,
Dougherty says a brain implant would only be considered for patients truly debilitated by mental illness, and who can be helped with drugs
Plachta and his team developed a micromachined cuff that wraps around the vagal nerve a nerve found in the neck that exchanges critical physiological information between the brain
and experimentally some psychiatric conditions (see Brain Pacemakers and Brain Implants Can Rest Misfiring Circuits).
They may be helpful even for such unlikely conditions as bladder dysfunction and rheumatoid arthritis (see Implanted Device Controls Rheumatoid arthritis).
and passed along to the brain. Cochlear implants use up to 22 platinum electrodes to stimulate the auditory nerve;
whether it for deep-brain stimulation in Parkinson disease, or retinal implants for the blind, there is already neural damage,
scientists at the National Brain Research Centre (NBRC) have reported clinical evidence supporting the role of a novel biomarker in diagnosing Alzheimer's disease.
Glutathione (GSH), the biomarker, is a natural antioxidant that protects the brain from damage. Researchers claim that those suffering from the disease have reduced GSH as compared to the healthy individuals."
a region of the brain, yielded 100%specificity and sensitivity for distinguishing Alzheimer's disease and healthy controls."
can zap your brain to make you feel either calm or energised. Users stick the device, called Thync, onto their front temple.
Users can also adjust the strength of the brain-zapping. Each programme follows a pattern of greater and lesser intensity
the small sensor devices send signals to the brain.""In a healthy foot, skin receptors carry out this function
"The sensors tell the brain there is a foot and the wearer has the impression that it rolls off the ground when he walks.
information is guided from the prothesis to the brain, rather than the other way around. In addition to increasing balance and safety, the prosthesis provides another remarkable function:
because the brain gets increasingly sensitive as it seeks information about the missing limb.""Plus the amputation is tied often to a traumatic experience like an accident or illness,
The advantage of the"feeling prosthesis"is that the brain once again receives real data and can stop its frantic search."
the small sensor devices send signals to the brain.""In a healthy foot, skin receptors carry out this function
"The sensors tell the brain there is a foot and the wearer has the impression that it rolls off the ground when he walks.
information is guided from the prothesis to the brain, rather than the other way around. In addition to increasing balance and safety, the prosthesis provides another remarkable function:
because the brain gets increasingly sensitive as it seeks information about the missing limb.""Plus the amputation is tied often to a traumatic experience like an accident or illness,
The advantage of the"feeling prosthesis"is that the brain once again receives real data and can stop its frantic search."
or suffering locked-insyndrome may increasingly be able to use brain-computer interfaces to get a better experience of digital
These sensors measure electrical activity in the brain. In the case of this experimental app, a user can select either`concentration'or`meditation'as the brain control mechanism.
If the user selects`concentration, 'the headset and app monitors their level of concentration and a`volume bar'of brainwaves is displayed on the screen,
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