There s no reason we can t grow extraordinarily large single crystals in the future using modifications of our techniquesays Mirkin who also is a professor of medicine chemical and biological engineering biomedical engineering and materials science and engineering and director of the university s International Institute for Nanotechnology.
Potential implications of the methodology for human health include for example learning how an infection-induced fever could affect the RNA structures of both humans and pathogens.
or in any living organism. emperature and drought are among the environmental stress factors that affect the structure of RNA molecules thereby influencing how genes are xpressedhow their functions are turned turned on
In their latest paper the team successfully applies this more efficient process to the fabrication of heterogeneous objects that comprise different materials that cure at different rates.
be an object of this type. ur goal was to understand all circumstances that resulted in the damaging shock wave that sent over 1200 people to hospitals in the Chelyabinsk Oblast area that daysays Peter Jenniskens meteor astronomer at SETI Institute.
and caused some severe sunburns. The team estimated that about three-quarters of the meteoroid evaporated at that point.
The object broke up 30 kilometers up under the enormous stress of entering the atmosphere at high speed.
which have a wide range of application from membranesâ##for instance for the purification of waterâ##to therapeutic uses including the development of new drug systems. ource:
and disease-resistant stocks of honey beesnino says. The Department of agriculture and the United states-Israel Binational Science Foundation supported this research
to form these inks was hydrazine##a highly toxic explosive liquid used in rocket fuel. Brutchey and David Webber of USC mixed two compounds to create the new solvent that effectively dissolves a class of semiconductors known as chalcogenides. hen the two compounds work together they do something quite remarkablesays Brutchey.
they seem to be a computational unit as well. is team plans to explore what this newly discovered dendritic role may play in brain circuitry and particularly in conditions like Timothy syndrome in
Those molecules are highly toxic unless properly controlled Britt notes. The cyanide and carbon monoxide groups were known to come from the amino acid tyrosine Britt says.
A demonstrated neural firing-rate set point opens up a whole new approach to thinking about neurological disorders such as epilepsy in
which the brain is excited too and autism in which the brain is excited not enough. f we can figure out how these set points are built we may be able to adjust them
when it s the wrong timesays Wayne Sossin a neuroscientist at the Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital at Mcgill University and senior investigator on the paper. his is especially important with nerve cells in the brain as you only want the brain to make precise
For example sophisticated vintners use precise irrigation to put regulated water stress on grapevines to create just the right grape composition for a premium cabernet or a chardonnay wine.
While growers can use the sensors to monitor water in soils for their crops civil engineers can embed the chips in concrete to determine optimal moisture levels as the concrete cures. ne of our goals is to try
and studied could provide a scalable inexpensive platform to monitor toxic vapors from industrial solvents.
he complex Rddm machinery is composed of several proteins that guide the genome in response to growth developmental and stress signals.
so I was just hysterical saying â##Look at these!''n the future Gregg says scientists could hunt for land-based lava pillars near oceans to learn about the height of ancient seas
In medicine such networks could serve as martdrug deliverers or disease detectors at the cellular level.
The new approach isn t ready to be applied in the medical field but future uses could include using this framework to make molecules that self-assemble within cells
These could be embedded in a cell then programmed to detect abnormalities and respond as needed perhaps by delivering drugs directly to those cells.
scanning medical therapy and imaging and research in biology and materials science. ecause it employs commercial lasers
Another possible application is small portable X-ray sources to improve medical care for people injured in combat as well as to provide more affordable medical imaging for hospitals and laboratories.
and found the arthquakesonly within a narrow temperature range that simulates conditions where the real earthquakes occur in Earth. sing synchrotron X-rays to aid our observations we found that fractures nucleate at the onset of the olivine to spinel transitiongreen says. urther these fractures propagate dynamically
and spread diseases such as the ongoing outbreak of Cryptococcus in Canada and the Pacific Northwest of the United states. Though some might disagree most biologists think the purpose of sex is to create diversity among offspring.
The fungi Cryptococcus neoformans is a global pathogen that primarily infects individuals with compromised immune systems such as HIV/AIDS patients.
It causes more than 600000 deaths a year from cryptococcal pneumonia and meningoencephalitis accounting for a third of all AIDS-related deaths.
because it is the only way this fungal pathogen can produce spores to infect its host.
Aneuploidy is well known to be deleterious in humans causing genetic disorders like Down s syndrome or trisomy 21. But having an extra chromosome can actually be beneficial in microbes like Cryptococcus where it has been shown to confer drug resistance to the antifungal fluconazole.
and implantable biomedical devicesgreer says the work could fundamentally shift the way people think about the creation of materials. ith this approach we can really start thinking about designing materials backwardshe says. can start with a property
Dantusâ##initial spark came from a collaboration with Harvard university that developed a laser that could be used to detect cancer
but has the beam output of a simple presentation pointer. hile working on biomedical imaging I began exploring additional applicationsdantus says. e soon learned how effective it was for detecting traces of hazardous substances from distances up to 10 meters away. s described in the journal Applied Physics Letters the bomb-detecting
and coordination difficulties one of the major challenges teachers and occupational therapists come up against time and again is limited the time they have to work one-to-one with each childhill says. n this respect haptic robotic technologies have huge potential efficiency benefits. hey provide a means by which children can receive supported practice at a level
which adjusts to their growing abilities without the need for one-to-one interaction with a therapist. anks of these systems could be used simultaneously by multiple children in a clinic
and is used commonly in muds for oil drilling, in modern construction, in medical applications and as a binder by iron and steel foundries.
and to fire up a response to a pathogen attack. The gene product they discovered breaks down salicylic acid effectively silencing the molecular command to die.
Plants use an expedited hypersensitive process to thwart pathogens by sacrificing infected cells to protect the surrounding healthy tissues.
#Slow-wave sleepspecifically the results of complex experiments performed at Massachusetts General Hospital and then analyzed at Brown show that the improved speed
which could help breeders decision-making Better understanding of genomic imprinting may offer insights into several human diseases.
Mistakes in imprinting genes can impair development spurring genetic problems that can cause gigantism dwarfism neurological failures incomplete sexual development and others.
Fine control over these light beams will enable improvements for on-chip biomedical devices and super resolution imaging. or all these applications,
Leaf rust is a fungal disease that could destroy almost a third of the nation s barley crop,
The discovery will enable selective breeding of barley that will provide genetic protection to the disease.
Hickey says the crop disease could also leave Australian beer drinkers thirsty because the country's primary use of barley was to make beer as well as stock feed.
He says his research also shows that the Rph20 gene had resistance to powdery mildew another devastating barley disease.
These findings may pave the way for new methodologies for understanding anxiety and other emotions as well as substances that alter them.
Ethanol has been shown to influence anxiety-related responses in humans rodents and some species of fish.
and his collaborators conducted two traditional anxiety tests and evaluated whether the results obtained therein were sensitive to ethanol administration.
and the results of the other anxiety tests and the data support that#Porfiri explains.#
The stem rust disease is producing large wheat yield losses throughout Africa and Asia and threatening global food security.
By transferring this gene to commercial wheat varieties wheat breeders will have a distinct advantage in controlling the epidemic the researchers say.
#A new race of a wheat disease called stem rust Ug99 has been spreading over large distances
#This study identifies a gene called Sr35 that confers near-immunity to this new race#he says.
Previous resistance genes that had proven effective for fighting the disease for 50 years are ineffective against this new race.
The researchers selected the resistance gene Sr35 for its immunity to Ug99 and related races.
They then inserted the gene into a wheat variety that is susceptible to the diseases engineering a resistance to Ug99.#
#This discovery opens the door for biotechnological approaches to fight this devastating disease#says Eduard Akhunov an associate professor at Kansas State university and co-director of the project.
The challenge now is to identify which combination of resistance genes can deliver a more durable resistance against the disease.
Additional researchers from UC Davis Department of Plant Sciences the USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory and Kansas State university also contributed to the study.
says Changhuei Yang, professor of electrical engineering, bioengineering and medical engineering at the California Institute of technology (Caltech).
Pathology, forensics, and beyond Yang explains that when we look at light from an object, we are only able to sense variations in intensity.
The very large field of view that the new system can image could be particularly useful for digital pathology applications,
The researchers say that the new method could have wide applications not only in digital pathology but also in everything from hematology to wafer inspection to forensic photography.
The knowledge of how mutations drive evolution can inform our understanding of how tumors resist chemotherapeutics
By following genomic changes across cell populations over time this study allows a rare glimpse of evolution in progress says Stefan Maas of the National institute of health s National Institute of General Medical sciences which partially funded the research.
or disease-causing microbes. Previous evidence suggests that yeast may experience beneficial mutations that inactivate genes they no longer need.
The National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship the National Institute of General Medical sciences Centers of Excellence the National institutes of health the James S. Mcdonnell Foundation the Alfred P. Sloan
'when judging art health-care-cartoons 525 University of Rochester Cartoons depict 100 years of health care debate Other applications abound.
The new insight may be helpful in finding ways to minimize the potential toxicity of graphene says Agnes Kane chair of the pathology and laboratory medicine department at Brown and one of the study s authors.
If there some feature that is responsible for its toxicity then maybe the engineers can engineer it out.
Is nanotech toxic? Discovered about a decade ago graphene is a sheet of carbon just one atom thick.
Commercial applications in small electronic devices solar cells batteries and even medical devices are just around the corner.
or implanted as components of new biomedical technologies says Robert Hurt an engineering professor and one of the study s authors.
and material scientists at Brown aimed at understanding the toxic potential of a wide variety of nanomaterials.
Under the microscope Annette von dem Bussche assistant professor of pathology and laboratory medicine was able to verify the model experimentally.
But Kane says this initial study provides an important start in understanding the potential for graphene toxicity.
#We ve also started exchanging ideas and information with scientists facing related challenges such as herbicide resistance in weeds and resistance to drugs in bacteria HIV and cancer.#
#Nasty parasites turn up in dead otters CARDIFF U. UK) A variety of disease-causing parasites are turning up in the bodies of dead otters in the UK.
The infection is prevalent across many areas of the UK, with significantly more cases arising in the eastern region.
In humans the parasite can lead to miscarriage and retinal abnormalities. Parasitic flatwormsivided into two species Pseudamphistomum truncatum and Metorchis albidusere found in 18.3 percent of otters.
both are associated with pathological damage to the otter gall bladder. Dissections of affected otters revealed gall bladders to be inflamed or thickened.
this may have implications for vector-borne diseases, which can infect humans and their companion animals. he project research on the parasites that infect otters has revealed previously unknown aspects of their distribution
#This aspect holds promise to reduce the number of live animals used in preclinical research.#
But smartphones are also capable of transforming into competitive diagnostic tools as a team of biomedical engineers out of Columbia University is showing with their new attachment that can detect both HIV and syphilis in a single 15-minute test.
The dongle as the team writes in the journal Science Translational Medicine costs just $34 to make (an amount that could drop further if mass produced.
This test looks for either how much of an antibody is contained within the sample or how much protein is bound by an antibody;
if HIV positive antibodies to HIV bind to the antigens on the plate. For this test the team was able to perform an objective read-out similar to an ELISA assay but without the spending the typical $18450 equipment cost involved.
And the dongle is small and light enough to fit in the palm of one#s hand making its use in remote or mobile clinics far more practical.
To whittle the device#s power consumption down#especially since electricity might be a limiting factor in parts of the world where this kind of quick accurate testing could be especially helpful#the team devised a#one-push vacuum#in place of an electrical pump;
It means that similar tests screening for other diseases may be just around the corner.##Our work shows that a full laboratory-quality immunoassay can be run on a smartphone accessory#one researcher said#in the school news release.#
This kind of capability can transform how health care services are delivered around the world.##The device certainly has the potential to help slow the spread of HIV around the world.
the sooner they start taking antiretroviral meds the less likely they are to pass the disease to their babies.
so while more testing may become available in rural clinics the dongle isn#t necessarily going to mitigate#the nervousness one might feel about walking through a clinic#s doors.
The team reports that it took just 30 minutes of training to fully familiarize health care workers with how to use the device
and tests for more than one disease. This kind of development is about to be the new norm as diagnostic tools begin to be compatible with our portable devices as well as capable of spitting out results screening for multiple infectious diseases in just minutes.
The key is being competitive with the most accurate tests; especially when it comes to highly-stigmatized STDS false positive
Light hits a shallow tank of liquid plastic and cures it one layer at a time, slowly building up an entire 3d object.
Each time the projector cures a layer, it creates a huge amount of suction between the 3d printed object and the bottom of the resin tank.
Rather, it a highly advanced single-cell micro-surgery, replete with cutting-edge lasers and imaging software and, yes, even a joystick,
also called mitochondrial gene replacement therapy, is not to tweak the physical characteristics or personality traits of a child those reside in the nucleus,
dozens and possibly hundreds of diseases can result, causing a wide range of problems that include extreme fatigue, dementia, stunted growth, deafness, blindness, multi-organ failure, and even death.
It a newly-discovered category of diseases, most of which have only been characterized in the past decade, and a growing number of geneticists is now exploring the role of misbehaving mitochondria in basic aging.)
The US United Mitochondrial Disease Foundation and 10 other similar groups from around the world described the condition in an open letter to Parliament as nimaginably cruel. t strips our children of the skills they have learned,
inflicts pain that cannot be managed, and tires their organs one by one until their little bodies cannot go on any more,
(or who have died from) mitochondrial diseases. Dr. Gillian Lockwood, a reproductive ethicist, told the BBC that this week vote amounts to a mall changein the legislation. he biggest problem is that this has been described as 3-parent IVF
musicality. t a revolutionary way of preventing these diseases, and wee ready after extensive animal testing.
because theye had children with mitochondrial diseases) can have babies with healthy mitochondria instead, even if that part of the egg must be donated.
but would permit clinics to begin offering a risky and experimental fertility procedure. Mitalipov counters that the UK vote to permit select clinics to offer the procedure is in reality a clinical trial
and that performing the technique on actual volunteer women is the only way to know
if the procedure is effective and safe in humans. t a revolutionary way of preventing these diseases,
when designing nuclear reactors is finding materials that can withstand the massive temperatures, radiation, physical stress and corrosive conditions of these extreme environments.
map cerebral activity to help identify tumors in preparation for surgery, or even create better brain-computer interfaces.
"By making an inexpensive system you could have one in every hospital to test for traumatic brain injuries
The new device is described in a paper published on the journal Biomedical Optics Express and freely available to the public c
and sustain common intestinal microbes on the surface of the device cultured intestinal cells allows the device to simulate some of the physiological features important to understanding many diseases.
"Because the models most often available to us today do not recapitulate human disease, we can't fully understand the mechanisms behind many intestinal disorders,
and therapies we validate in animal models often fail to be tested effective when in humans,
"Having better, more accurate in vitro disease models, such as the gut-on-a-chip, can therefore significantly accelerate our ability to develop effective new drugs that will help people who suffer from these disorders."
and a spleen-on-a-chip to treat sepsis. The team gut-on-a-chip is detailed in the journal Lab on a Chip.
reduces stress, and makes the milking station less of a bottleneck because there isn't a whole herd trying to get in at the same time.
and pen of the Astronaut 4 are equipped also with sensors to detects signs of mastitis.
and it adjusts food supplements, minerals and medicines for each animal. As for the farmer, aside from filling the hoppers,
"The hotline administrator can'push'customized content (such as in cases of drought, pest and disease) to callers based on crop,
from inspecting nuclear power plants to slithering down the throats of surgical patients. The similarity in the construction and operation of the legs of the Snake Monster to those earlier CMU robot incarnations gives it its name.
#Freedom Driver allows man with artificial heart to await transplant at home Heart failure patients awaiting organ transplants normally find themselves anchored to the hospital bed by a washing machine-sized device that keeps blood pumping through their veins.
This organ shortage means that sufferers of advanced heart failure are implanted with devices to aid in survival.
and often sees patients remain in hospital for months or even years at a time. But in June 2014 the Food and Drug Administration approved the aptly named Freedom Driver.
but once they do they are free to leave the hospital and wait for their new heart at home.
Larkin's departure from hospital marks the first time that a patient has been switched over to the Freedom Driver at the University of Michigan hospital
He works with therapists to sustain his mobility with the Freedom Driver onboard is on a number of blood-thinning medications and eats low sodium meals.
He#s still listed for a heart transplant and we hope to transplant him as soon as an organ is available says Jonathan Haft a cardiac surgeon at the University of Michigan.
In the meantime he can be at home he can be functional and continue to rehabilitate himself so he#s in the best possible shape when his opportunity comes.#
#DNATRAX tracks tainted food with molecular bar code According to the US Center for disease control (CDC) 129000 Americans are sent to hospital and 3000 die each year from food poisoning.
Food poisoning due to outbreaks is a major problem putting thousands of lives at risk wasting tons of recalled foodstuffs with US$70 billion dollars lost in the US alone each year.
We are prepared not to deal with an outbreak of pathogens such as E coli and salmonella in tainted foods.
#Scientists find that exposure to nanoparticles could impact cardiovascular health Due to its huge potential in applications ranging from cheaper vaccinations to energy-storing car panels there's plenty of excitement surrounding the emergence of nanotechnology.
But a team of scientists are urging caution with a study conducted at the Technion-Israel Institute of technology suggesting that exposure to silicon-based nanoparticles may play a role in the development of cardiovascular disease.
The scientists from the Technion Rappaport Faculty of medicine Rambam Medical center and the Center of Excellence in Exposure Science and Environmental Health (TCEEH) worked with cultured laboratory mouse cells that resemble the cells of arterial walls
The team was seeking to explore the effects that the nanoparticles have on the development of atherosclerosis a condition that leads to the hardening of the arteries and cardiovascular events such as heart attack and stroke.
The toxicity of the nanoparticles causes the macrophages to transform into foam cells or lipids leading to the development of lesions and hastening the onset of atherosclerosis.
This exposure may be especially chronic for those employed in research laboratories and in high tech industry where workers handle manufacture use
Products that use silica-based nanoparticles for biomedical uses such as various chips drug or gene delivery and tracking imaging ultrasound therapy and diagnostics may also pose an increased cardiovascular
Previous research has turned up some unsettling results including that silver nanoparticles can materially alter a person's immunity and that titanium dioxide nanoparticles cause systemic genetic damage in mice.
Because our research demonstrates a clear cardiovascular health risk associated with this trend steps need to be taken to help ensure that potential health
The research was published in the journal Environmental Toxicology y
#Spinal implant could one day let paralyzed people walk again Three years ago scientists at The swiss Federal Institute of technology (EPFL) reported success in getting rats with severed spinal cords
to walk again. They did so by suspending the animals in a harness then using implants to electrically stimulate neurons in their lower spinal cord.
Although this ultimately resulted in the rats being able to run on their previously-paralyzed hind legs the technology still wasn't practical for long-term use in humans.
Although the researchers hoped that the technology could eventually find use in a rehabilitative neuroprosthetic system for humans there was at least one stumbling block#the implants
Now however the scientists have created a new type of implant which addresses that issue. It's known as the e-Dura as it's designed to be implanted on the spinal cord or cortex beneath the dura mater#that's the protective envelope that surrounds the nervous system.
The implant consists of a stretchy silicone substrate covered in cracked-gold conducting tracks leading to electrodes made from a silicon/platinum microbead composite.
In lab tests e-Duras implanted in rats caused no problems even after two months#according to EPFL traditional implants would have caused significant nerve tissue damage within that same amount of time.
and overuse of existing antibiotics has led to the increasing emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens, with the World Health Organisation warning of an impending"post-antibiotic era"where common infections will once again pose the risk of death,
as was the case before the discovery of the first antibiotics in the early 20th century.
As a result, we've seen various research efforts that take a non-antibiotic approach to bacterial infection
#Overcoming the difficulty of delivering therapeutic agents to specific regions of the brain presents a major challenge to treatment of most neurological disorders#said Choi.#
However a significant number of stroke victims don t get to the hospital in time for the treatment#Kim said.
The researchers hope the gelatin nanoparticles administered through the nasal cavity can help deliver other drugs to more effectively treat a variety of brain injuries and neurological diseases.#
#Gelatin nanoparticles are a delivery vehicle that could be used to deliver many therapeutics to the brain#Choi said.#
In addition they can be used for drugs of high toxicity or a short half-life.##Both Choi and Kim are members of the Micro and Nano technology Laboratory at the U. of
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