This could provide a promising avenue of research for tackling Alzheimer disease. The study lead author, Dena Dubal said:
his could be a major step toward helping millions around the world who are suffering from Alzheimer disease and other dementias.
we may be able to counter dementias. In the human arm of the research, the scientists gave a whole battery of cognitive tests to over 700 people with and without the gene variant.
sex or genetic risk factors for Alzheimer disease. Another of the study authors, Roderick Corriveau, said:
Although preliminary, they suggest that a form of klotho could be used to enhance cognition for people suffering from dementia.
where patient-physician encounters about specific diseases will be transmitted in real time over 16 miles between the medical center and a lecture hall.
Making the skin from stem cells means that particular diseases could be produced intentionally for study,
including common skin ailments like dermatitis in which a defective skin barrier means that toxins cannot be repelled handily
Admittedly, these diseases are neither life-threatening nor medically exciting, but they are a big nuisance for those who suffer from them.
how the barrier is impaired in different diseases and how we can stimulate its repair and recovery,
both to study disease behavior and to test drugs, is a rapidly growing market. In many cases its benefits are so hypothetical eliminating negative outcomes that would,
The technique could help scientists develop treatments for patients with some brain diseases as it could allow problematic parts of the brain to be switched off
because it requires placing ultrasound leads on the skin directly over the bone injury. That impossible with an old-school plaster castut not with a 3d printed cast of the future.
could provide a new drug target for the treatment of the disease that affects more than five million Americans,
but until now, p25 role in Alzheimer pathology was understood not well. his protein appears to help maintain normal brain activity,
Elevated p25 levels in the brain have been documented upon exposure to neurotoxic stimuli such as oxidative stress and beta amyloids. n this study
whether the blockade of p25 generation could mitigate pathological phenotypes in the Alzheimer brain, Tsai says.
In the mouse model of Alzheimer disease, inhibiting p25 production improved cognitive function, greatly reduced plaque formation and neuroinflammation, hallmark features of Alzheimer disease.
These results hold out the hope that a drug that regulates p25 could benefit Alzheimer disease patients by improving cognitive function
and perhaps delaying the development of brain pathology, Tsai says. This work was supported in part by the National institutes of health and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute M
or treat diseases with unprecedented sophistication, says Daniel Levner, a bioengineer at the Wyss Institute at Harvard university.
An obvious benefit of this technology would be cancer treatments, because these must be cell-specific and current treatments are targeted not well.
you don have to be clinically paranoid to find something worrying in the prospect of a highly automated warship that can be controlled by anyone who has the right login information.
Some issues are the same ones that plague the adoption of any radically new technology:
#Researchers discover marijuana s anxiety relief effects Researchers at Vanderbilt University have found cannabinoid receptors, through
in a key emotional hub in the brain involved in regulating anxiety and the flight-or-fight response.
The discovery may help explain why marijuana users say they take the drug mainly to reduce anxiety,
he natural endocannabinoid system regulates anxiety and the response to stress by dampening excitatory signals that involve the neurotransmitter glutamate. hronic stress or acute,
severe emotional trauma can cause a reduction in both the production of endocannabinoids and the responsiveness of the receptors.
Without their ufferingeffect, anxiety goes up. hile marijuana xogenouscannabinoids also can reduce anxiety, chronic use of the drug down-regulates the receptors, paradoxically increasing anxiety.
This can trigger vicious cycleof increasing marijuana use that in some cases leads to addiction.
Patel said. ow can we see how that system is affected by stress and chronic (marijuana) use?
and strengthen muscles in aged mice People become less able to bounce back from injuries as they age.
healthy tissue to recover from illness or injury. But because stem cell therapies remain cutting edge,
they have largely been used to target life-threatening problems such as heart failure. Stanford Helen Blau, director of the Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell biology, studies a more banal
The lab most recent findings suggest that stem cell therapy could be used to help older patients recover from muscular injuries, for example from falls,
or an injury. his really opens a whole new avenue to enhance the repair of specific muscles in the elderly, especially after an injury.
one recent study suggested that the cells may be able to kick-start insulin-making in pancreas in Type-1 diabetics by replacing Beta cells.
#High-tech glasses help surgeons see cancer The glasses are designed to make it easy for surgeons to differentiate cancerous cells from healthy cells.
The usual procedure for surgery requires doctors to remove tumors and neighboring tissue which may or may not have cancer cells.
a second surgery is recommended usually to remove additional tissue that is also tested for the presence of cancer.
The special eyewear can potentially eliminate the need for follow-up surgical procedures and save patients from more stress and anxiety
but it has already been used during surgery at the Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of medicine.
inconvenience and anxiety. Dr. Achilefu, who also happens to be co-leader of the Oncologic Imaging Program at Siteman Cancer Center,
is seeking approval from the FDA for a different molecular agent that he is helping to develop for use with the special eyewear.
The title of the patent, hermotherapy Apparatus for the Treatment and Preventions of Cancer in Male and Female Patients and Cosmetic Ablation of Tissueand is focused a heat apparatus for the treatment and prevention of cancer tissues, specifically breast cancers.
and Preventions of Cancer in Male and Female Patients and Cosmetic Ablation of Tissueand is focused a heat apparatus for,
but also the prevention of cancer tissues and, more specifically, breast cancers. Another embodiment of this patent is for the use of the apparatus for the minimal and noninvasive cosmetic applications specifically to destroy
pparatus and Method for Preconditioning/Fixation and Treatment of Disease with Heat Activation/Release with Thermoactivated Drugs and Gene Productsauthored by John Mon, COO for Medifocus.
and Method for Preconditioning/Fixation and Treatment of Disease with Heat Activation/Release with Thermoactivated Drugs and Gene Products.
Facet's applications are incredibly far-reaching from treating children with autism to play-testing video games.
Recognizing other people's emotions based on their facial expressions is a challenge for many people who have an autism spectrum disorder particularly children.
As a research professor at the University of California San diego's Machine Perception Lab Bartlett has been studying the use of facial recognition software to help people with autism for several years. 5 Controversial Mental health Treatments
This game helps children with autism recognize other people's emotions through their facial expressions as well as teaches them how to make facial expressions that express their own feelings.
The company is currently studying the device for treating Hepatitis C with patients on chronic dialysis,
ADAMM Intelligent Asthma Management Wearable Walking through expansive, smoke-filled casinos, traversing the miles and miles of exhibitors,
this editor was afraid his asthma might flare up as he made his way around CES in Las vegas last week.
asthma would be the least of his worries. ADAMM (Automated Device for Asthma Monitoring and Management) is an upcoming wearable developed by Rochester, NY based Health care Originals.
Measuring about the diameter of a hockey puck, this smart patch can not only tell when the wearer is experiencing an asthma attack by measuring heart rate,
if their asthma is starting to flare up, and even then, they often lack the discipline to use their inhaler.
ADAMM can help ensure that parents can monitor for asthma flare-ups, even when they are away from their kids.
Among other things, MEMS devices are able to measure acceleration, gravity, chemicals, the indicators of disease or the presence of explosives.
Key scientific and technological advances in the CYPHER 2. 0 service include modelling the interaction of the reservoir's natural fracture networks with the fractures induced by the hydraulic fracturing process.
This results in a more accurate fracture network model with which to simulate the production performance of the completion design.
Critical operational factors can then be adjusted in real time between stages during the fracture treatment to further optimize well performance.
and also aid in the stimulation design to help improve their fracture efficiency and effectiveness.
and sensors into a desirable geometry with 5d data reconstruction Enhancing fracture determination from seismic data with improved full azimuth imaging
using full-azimuth fracture orientation and intensity analysis Wojciech Kobusinski, head of Depth Imaging Group at Geofizyka Torun,
Bacteria are increasingly outsmarting our most overused antibiotics creating a boom of drug-resistant diseases.
when common infections and minor injuries which have been treatable for decades can once again kill. Honey is a natural antibacterial
Its viscosity acidity and sugar content make it good at sealing wounds and it even contains small amounts of hydrogen peroxide.
According to a newly published study those 13 bacteria are experts at stifling other bacterial infections including dangerous superbug strains such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE.
The bee bacteria beat every pathogen they faced a promising result given the global threat posed by superbugs.
but they did work wonders for 10 horses with persistent wounds. The bacteria were mixed with honey
and applied directly to the horses'wounds which had resisted other attempted remedies. The mixture healed all 10.
The researchers say their next step is to investigate wider use of these bacteria against topical infections in more animals including humans n
Is it a headache that there isn just one fast charging standard? You bet. One positive development is the availability of chargers that have wands for both types
resistance to stress and self-healing abilities could allow them to be used on airplane wings.
and when disorders like autism first take root researchers say. This is another installment in our suite of brain atlases to try to map how all genes are used across the brain
The team used brain tissue with no known abnormalities or viruses such as HIV. Researchers took snapshots of brains at two different stages of prenatal development.
Allen Institute for Brain science) The map of a healthy developing brain also provides clues to the origin of developmental disorders such as autism the researchers said.
Other studies have revealed certain genes that are active in autism. Lein's team saw these genes were turned on in newly generated excitatory neurons
(which activate other neurons) in the prenatal cortex suggesting autism may start in the womb as opposed to later in life.
which seeks to treat diseases by replacing defective genes with functional ones. Synthesizing plant and animal genomes is a long way off Boeke said
#For stem cells in 30 minutes just add acid Embryonic stem cells have huge potential in treating everything from cancer to diabetes because of their ability to morph into almost any other type of cell within the human body.
This stress was enough to make the cells pluripotent in as little as 30 minutes. Not only that they were more malleable than the ips cells developed back in 2006.
I would have thought never external stress could have this effect. The idea came from another biologist at the same facility Haruko Obokata who says it took her five years to persuade her colleagues that this technique would work.
The work ties into Obokata's other research into stress. As explained on her lab's web page All organisms possess instincts to survive exposures to external stresses by adapting to their environment and to some degree regenerating injured tissues or organs.
Thus it is not surprising to observe dramatic cellular plasticity after exposure to significant external stresses such as an injury.
but said It's exciting to think about the new possibilities these findings offer us not only in regenerative medicine but cancer as well.
instead there are hard data on how much it will cost to treat the asthma cases that are caused by the extra pollution.
Of course, the disease-eradicating, condom-reinventing Microsoft cofounder didn actually drink human excrement Sedro-Woolley-produced sewage sludge at its finest.
phase I safety study of a stem cellerived therapy for spinal cord injury. The publicly traded company has an extensive patent portfolio relating to embryonic stem cell research,
In the trial, eight to ten paralyzed individuals within 7 to 14 days of their injury will be injected at the point of injury with stem cellerived precursors to oligodendrocytes,
Those in hot, arid regions may be losing trees because of drought stress. Even if rainfall is stable,
and his team captured may be symptoms of climatic stress that make the forests more liable to such catastrophes."
"These changes in mortality rates are really an indication of overall system stress, and when trees are stressed,
Nature News The global drive to eliminate the last pockets of polio infection is to receive a boost of more than half-a billion dollars from international donors.
The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Rotary international and the governments of the UK and Germany this week pledged $630 million over five years for a massive final push to eradicate the crippling disease.
along with the World health organization, UNICEF and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, is part of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative.
The new money will go to vaccination programmes, better disease surveillance and research on new vaccines.
Eradication hope"We are on the brink of eradicating one of the most feared diseases in the world"
it would follow smallpox, which in 1980 became the first disease to be officially wiped out from the planet.
The global polio initiative, a mammoth programme involving the vaccination of billions of children, has reduced the number of polio cases by 99
Pockets of the disease exist in four countries: Nigeria, where polio vaccines were denounced by religious leaders,
a single case of the infectious disease could spawn new outbreaks of the disease, and export it to the many countries that are now officially polio-free,
The existence of residual pockets of infection is the main reason why the drive to completely erase the disease has failed so far,
"Claustrophobia is a widespread problem in clinical MRI, "says Pruessmann. Removing the coil from the machine provides a less constraining cavity.
Forget about it Current treatments for patients who have strong fearful memories, for example people with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD
"There are a lot of treatments for anxiety disorders but you see a lot of relapse, "says Kindt. In addition, the drug treatment didn't affect how well the participants remembered the link between the spiders and the shock.
colds in children can cause middle-ear infections or increase the likelihood of developing asthma.
Asthma sufferers, in turn, can find that catching a cold worsens their symptoms.""From that perspective, rhinovirus deserves to be attacked with the modern tools we have available to us,
What's more, a newly discovered class of rhinoviruses called HRV-C can cause serious, flu-like lung infections."
along with 10 additional viruses isolated from patients with upper respiratory infections. They compared these sequences
more symptomatic infections.""To date, there has been a lack of understanding as to which rhinovirus gives you a more complex cold,
his patient might be less susceptible to HIV infection. The patient had 80 matches in the bone-marrow registries of the German Bone marrow Donor Center,
if you can make the majority of your cells resistant to infection, you can really stop the virus. Meanwhile,
The procedure leaves them vulnerable to infection, and there is also the possibility that their bodies will eventually reject the transplant.
#What causes schizophrenia?:Nature News Findings from a'brain training'study challenge theory. Researchers in Sweden have revealed a surprising change in brain biochemistry that occurs during the training of working memory,
The discovery may have implications for understanding disorders in which working memory is deficient such as schizophrenia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD.
"The density of neurotransmitter receptors is known to change in psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia, and this has been considered a cause of the diseases,
"says Klingberg.""But now we see that cognitive activity also affects receptor density.""In the future, researchers will need to consider
or part of the disease process itself, he says. Calming effect?""This is an important consideration that applies to many findings of purported brain changes in mental disease,"comments Sol Snyder, a neuroscientist at Johns hopkins university in Baltimore, Maryland."
and evolved to fight disease. Despite previous reports that the German group's Neanderthal samples may have been contaminated with DNA from modern humans1,
#RNA fragments may yield rapid, accurate cancer diagnosis An article by Scientific American. Fragments of RNA that cells eject in fatty droplets may point the way to a new era of cancer diagnosis,
potentially eliminating the need for invasive tests in certain cases. Cancer tumor cells shed microvesicles containing proteins and RNA fragments, called exosomes, into cerebral spinal fluid, blood, and urine.
Within these exosomes is genetic information that can be analyzed to determine the cancer s molecular composition and state of progression.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital discovered that exosomes preserve the genetic information of their parent cells in 2008
however exosomes have not seen widespread clinical testing as a means of cancer diagnosis until now.""We have never really been able to detect the genetic components of a tumor by blood
or spinal fluid, says Harvard university neurologist Fred Hochberg.""This is really a new strategy. He says exosome diagnostic tests could potentially detect
and monitor the progression of a wide variety of cancers. He is one of the lead researchers in a multicenter clinical study using new exosomal diagnostic tests developed by New york city-based Exosome Diagnostics to identify a genetic mutation found exclusively in glioma, the most common form of brain cancer.
When treating other forms of cancer, surgeons are able to biopsy tumors to diagnose and monitor the state of the disease.
For brain cancers like glioma, however, multiple biopsies can be life threatening. Bob Carter head of neurosurgery at the University of California, San diego, says well-preserved RNA in blood
and spinal fluid enables researchers to test and monitor for these genetic changes noninvasively. He says study researchers separate exosomes from bio-fluids with a diagnostic kit
and then extract the relevant genomic information. Once the specific cancer mutation is identified, clinicians will periodically draw additional bio-fluids to monitor the mutation levels to determine
whether a patient is responding to therapy. Whereas Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a useful tool, tumors only show up on imaging scans once they are at least one millimeter in diameter
and comprise about 100, 000 tumor cells. By that time, it may be too late for an early intervention.
On the flip side, MRIS can also yield false positives. Hochberg says individuals who have been treated with conventional radiation therapy often have benign residual tissue from dying tumor cells that have been killed by the treatment but
which the body has eliminated not yet. This tissue is mistaken often for tumor growth on a MRI scan."
"You would identify to the patient that the drug is not working when in reality it is doing well,
Hochberg says.""On the other hand, having an easily accessible biomarker for glioma would give you a clear response.
There are 18 U s. hospitals participating in the clinical trial, sponsored by the Accelerated Brain Cancer Cure Foundation.
Hochberg says study researchers have recruited 41 of 120 patients so far. Preliminary results will be presented in April at the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles Symposium in Boston.
Exosomes may be a reliable method of screening for prostate cancer as well. A PSA test is currently the most common, noninvasive means to screen for prostate cancer in the U s. PSA testing measures for elevated levels of prostate specific-antigen antigen,
a protein produced by the prostate gland that is used to liquefy semen in men. The higher a man s PSA level, the more likely it is that he has prostate cancer,
says James Mckiernan, director of urologic oncology at Columbia University Medical center. There are additional reasons, however, for high PSA levels
-and some men with prostate cancer do not always have elevated PSA, he added. In addition, for many cases of prostate cancer, new research published in May 2012 in The New england Journal of Medicine shows that treatment does not actually extend the life of the patient."
"Honestly PSA is not cancer-specific, says Sudhir Srivastava, head of the National Cancer Institute s Cancer Biomarkers Research Group."
"Exosomes could be very much more cancer specific. PSA might give you one specific biomarker for cancer identification,
but exosomes can give you an entire disease specific profile so you would know whether or not it is a form of prostate cancer that necessitates treatment.
Researchers at Exosome have developed a diagnostic kit for prostate cancer with a diagnostic accuracy of around 75 percent-a rate comparable with that of actually taking a tissue biopsy,
says Wayne Comper, a renal physiologist and chief science officer at Exosome. He says the first diagnostic kit could be available commercially by the end of 2013.
Researchers use the kit to look for the genetic biomarker TMPRSS2: ERG or T: E in exosomes taken from a urine sample.
Comper says levels of T: E are nine times higher in a cancerous prostate versus a healthy one.
Mckiernan says researchers found these exosomal diagnostic tests gave better predictive results for cancer than current prescreening methods, such as PSA.
PSA levels are measured via a blood draw but also require a visit to a doctor s office for a digital rectal exam,
Srivastava says Exosome's prostate kit could prove to be extremely relevant in cancer treatment
what he hopes will be a series of multiple-gene-signature cancer tests.""We are looking for something with about 90 percent accuracy before it can be used by itself for clinical diagnosis,
if the nature of a prostate tumor is severe enough to warrant radical treatment or removal without ever performing a biopsy."
"Exosomes have the potential to really further the detection of cancer and help analyze things that would have otherwise not been detected noninvasively y
I wanted to found a prize to reflect the new challenges faced by humanity#such as climate change, energy shortages, emerging diseases, clashes of cultures and ideas,
and Tibetan medicine for a wide range of conditions including impotence, asthma and cancer. The peculiar life cycle of the fungus has earned also it the names'winter worm, summer grass'and'caterpillar fungus'.
But the long stalemate between growers and the fungus behind the devastating disease has broken#with the fungus taking the advantage.
The disease is so universal that it"is not going to be eradicated; or the only way to eradicate the disease in practice is to eradicate all of the coffee,
says Mccook. By 1970, the fungus had been detected in Brazil, and severe outbreaks were seen in Costa rica in 1989
#But changes to management practices had brought the disease mostly under control.""Coffee rust was considered a solved problem by most of the coffee growers
"People didn t fear the disease. The outbreak may have taken hold because of patchy use and effectiveness of fungicides.
and to find molecular markers that distinguish between different strains of the pathogen and that could be used to develop tailored strategies for its control.
as well as from Kenya, India, Rwanda, Uganda and Zimbabwe, to screen for resistant coffee plants and to analyse varieties of the pathogen."
"Scientists need to continuously develop resistant varieties in order to keep coffee leaf rust disease at bay, Phiri says."
where it is required to provide local solutions to the epidemics, he says d
#High-flying bacteria spark interest in possible climate effects Ravaged by arid winds and ultraviolet rays,
in a clinical study set to start this year on the eye condition known as macular degeneration. Other ministries have jumped also on the ips-cell bandwagon.
#Leprosy bug turns adult cells into stem cells Leprosy bacteria can reprogram cells to revert to a stem-cell-like state,
while researching the way leprosy spreads around the body. The mechanism of the hijacking is unclear,
The initial target of the leprosy bacterium#Mycobacterium leprae#is Schwann cells, which are part of the peripheral nervous system.
and regenerate after an injury.)""This is a very sophisticated mechanism#it seems that the bacterium knows the mechanistic interaction of the Schwann cell better than we do,
but they suspect that the mechanism could exist in other infectious diseases.""Cellular plasticity may represent an underlying mechanism of disease,
as other cellular reprogramming events have been shown in cancers and metabolic diseases, says Sheng Ding, a stem-cell biologist at the Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular disease in San francisco, California.
A greater understanding of these precise mechanisms could improve treatment and earlier diagnosis of leprosy itself.
Before this experiment, scientists did not know how the bacteria spread through the body. The latest findings could provide clues about how to catch the disease before it does so.
In the future, bacteria could be used to change adult tissue cells into stem cells in the laboratory
potentially leading to new regenerative treatments for diseases such as diabetes and Alzheimer s z
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