While zinc is more stable, the water-based electrolytes in conventional zinc batteries cause zinc to form dendrites,
a water-based adhesive, inkjet printer ink, and your standard A4 business paper. That s right, no expensive polymers, resins,
It begins to stack the paper using a process that selectively deposits a water-based adhesive to each individual sheet of paper,
and#Mcor s special water-based ink. A bar code is printed then on each page to make sure that they remain in the correct order
China and even have a detour within the Gulf countries using the global high-speed rail network.
and Rhode island who have lost their sight and hearing. He works from the Perkins School for the Blind in Watertown, Massachusetts.
Applications are running like water, Dr Hedrick said. We don t even know where to go with this yet t
I spoke to Frank Noschese, a high school physics teacher from Cross River N y.,who has a different take on gamifying the classroom.
#World s first surfing lake slated to open in 2015 Wavegarden is bringing the power of the ocean to the mountains of North Wales.
They have been given the go-ahead to build the UK first inland surf lake. The giant wave lagoon, three times the size of a football pitch, will be the first of its kind in the world.
The technology to create the consistent perfect wave has taken a decade to develop and could transform the sport of surfing giving it the potential to be considered as an Olympic event.
A prototype has been built near the Spanish city of San sebastian. An underwater foil operates beneath a pier that runs the length of the lagoon.
It works like a snow plough pushing the water upwards and outwards. Wavegarden engineer Alex Onatibia presses a button
and shape and speed and the temperature of the water and exactly where the wave is positioned,
The giant wave lagoon is about three times the size of a football pitch t so much fun!
Our ambition was to create a wave that is as good as a really good wave in the ocean
In the natural world waves are created by the action of wind moving over the water
and are affected by, among other things, tides and the geography of the ocean floor. It is complicated a mix. he computer simulation of fluid dynamics has changed dramatically in the last 5 years,
if you make a mistake of 10cm in the depth of the lagoon. Surfers know with the coming
and going of the tide that a wave will disappear. We have to be precise. It not just for experienced surfers.
The freshwater lagoon will be 300m long and 110m wide and will generate an estimated 60 waves per hour.
But youe missing out on the ocean. Every wave is different and that what makes a good surfer,
Learning about the ocean is the key to surfing. But at the same time you can progress your techniques and manoeuvres much more easily,
According to Lloyd Cole, water is lifted up and dropped and it loses its energy more rapidly.
To get the wash going, you first fill the Luna Wash with a small amount of water and plop it down into your laundry.
peering out over Tokyo Bay and seeing a man-made island in the harbor that is 2 miles across.
The island itself will be glistening from the massive net studded with billions of tiny rectifying antennas designed to convert microwave energy into DC power Next to the antennas is a large substation that sends vast amounts of power through an underwater cable to Tokyo,
neither the giant solar collectors in geosynchronous orbit nor the beaming microwaves, coming down to the island from 24,000 miles above Earth.
The reason for converting energy to microwaves is because it impervious to weather condition and water in the upper atmosphere.
The process of trapping sunlight also produces water that can be used to produce potable water and other modern day amenities such as air conditioning.
Scientists are predicting that the HCPVT could provide sustainable energy and fresh water to communities all around the world.
drinkable water and cool air are in short supply. With manufacturing and maintenance processes required, this idea will also create much-needed jobs around the world.
food and water in order to support life-forms inhabiting the system. Such systems already exist in small scales,
autonomous robotic systems on land, sea, and air; technologies that have to do with crunching all the data that you get from all these things those are the weapons you need to have with you going into the next competitive battles
#U s. Navy develops technology to turn seawater into fuel The U s. Navy scientists believe they may have solved one of the world great challenges after decades of experiments.
They know how to turn seawater into fuel. The development of a liquid hydrocarbon fuel could one day relieve the military dependence on oil-based fuels
and hydrogen gas from seawater. The gasses are turned then into a fuel by a gas-to-liquids process with the help of catalytic converters. or us in the military, in the Navy,
Developing a game-changing technology like this, seawater to fuel really is something that reinvents a lot of the way we can do business
. or the first time wee been able to develop a technology to get CO2 and hydrogen from seawater simultaneously.
the ship knows to drain the water so the crew can investigate. All of this automation means the ship will carry a crew of just over 150alf of
These are used to reduce energy and water consumption and pollution. Dubai, United arab emirates Although in the early stages yet, Dubai announced plans last year to turn itself into a smart city.
#Discovery of water-containing gem points to vast oceans beneath the Earth The Earth transition zone is the part of the Earth that exists between the upper and lower mantle.
Many believe that the transition zone contains a lot of water, but there was no proof to support that idea.
A group of geologists from the University of Alberta uncovered a water-containing gem that finally confirms this theory:
there is water, possibly massive oceans of it, deep beneath the Earth surface. The tiny gem was an accidental find
Their final results showed that the gem contained 1. 5 percent of its weight in water.
This discovery proves the theory that the Earth transition zone not only contains water but might also contain more water than every surface ocean combined.
This would make this discovery one of the biggest geological finds in decades. Because it so difficult to dig a hole deep enough to reach even the upper mantle of the Earth
having proof that water exists in the transition zone changes much of what we know about Earth and its composition o
Robots can help conduct research in deep oceans and harsh climates, or deliver food and medical supplies to disaster areas.
For that reason, the open ocean is the first place robots are firing on targets. In more cluttered environments like the cities where most recent wars have been fought,
#New 3d printed materials lighter than water and as strong as steel A Nanoscribe 3d printer can print models of the Empire state building in a space the width of a human hair using precision lasers.
believe such 3d printers may help craft a new generation of materials lighter than water and strong as steel.
and the world they live in is an extremely visual one. ill Van Eron owner of Headwaters
As planned by the lamplight Ambio consists of a transparent tube filled with artificial sea water
If not managed properly cover crops can deprive cash crops of water or even reduce yields. Although they make sense in theory many have wondered how cover crops would work in the real world.
The farmers responding to the survey grew cover crops on an estimated 218000 acres in 36 states mostly in the Mississippi river basin.
The system then combines the field data with a diversity of public data from the National oceanic and atmospheric administration the National aeronautics and space administration and the U s. Geological Survey and private data from companies like Earth Networks.
when resources like water are at a premium. For instance many farmers are now using methods like flow-through irrigation drip irrigation micro-sprinklers and more efficient use of groundwater to increase yields.
Getting more crop per drop not only improves farm productivity but provides enough return on investment to fund additional high-tech solutions.
While the days of farmers using the divining rod to find water are passed long since many farmers especially in developing countries still rely too much on guesswork in making planting irrigation and harvesting decisions.
Yet in U k. waters the abundant but undesirable creatures often fill fishing nets and trawls much to the displeasure of fishermen.
because nobody does said Clive Trueman a researcher from Britain's National oceanography centre and the University of Southampton laughing.
Spooky Deep-sea Creatures In a new study Trueman and colleagues found that deep-sea fish capture more than a million tons of carbon dioxide from U k. and Irish surface waters each year.
Many scientists have assumed that bottom feeders get most of their energy from tiny particles of organic matter that settle on the seafloor.
instead that at least half or more of all the fish living on the seafloor might get their energy from animals that migrate each day between the surface and deep water like jellyfish cephalopods and small fish.
otherwise recycle CO2 back into the atmosphere through the surface waters. But when they get eaten close to the seafloor by animals that never come to the surface all of the carbon these roving fish were packing gets locked down at the bottom of the ocean Trueman explained.
The researchers collected hundreds of muscle tissue samples from fish caught in trawls on the continental slope west of Ireland at depths ranging from 500 to 1800 meters (1640 to 5900 feet.
and oceans are critical for helping soak up some of these gases. However the amount of carbon that deep-sea fish trap is compared miniscule with the emissions released into the atmosphere by humans.
The paper may have more relevance for our understanding of biogeochemical cycles internal to the oceans.
and mining operations move into deeper waters Trueman said researchers will need to understand how bottom feeders which may play an important
but unappreciated role in marine ecosystems can be managed properly conserved and exploited. The research was detailed in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B. Editor's note:
or anchor machines to the seafloor, researchers say. The robotic digging machine, dubbed Roboclam, takes cues from the prolific burrowing abilities of the Atlantic razor clam (Ensis directus),
a species of large mollusk found along the Atlantic coast of North america. By mimicking how these clams burrow through muddy soil in their coastal habitats,
This rapid movement sucks in water, which creates a pocket of liquid, quicksand-like material around the clam's body.
because its motors sit above the surface of the water, Winter said. Finding the sweet spot Winter said he was surprised"pleasantly"that the Roboclam could work as efficiently as the creatures that inspired it.
the water and sand did not mix into the proper fluid consistency. If the shells moved too slowly
blow up underwater mines or set sensors in the ocean.""The research was published online today (April 8) in the journal Bioinspiration & Biomimetics s
which requires extensive water energy and chemical use as well as energy for transporting that feed live animals and animal products.
So do ocean dwelling distant relatives like shrimp. It's why they make such a loud crunching sound
#New water-spray technology reduces coal dust by 60%Technology that has been in development by Southern Illinois University (SIU) researchers for over four years is now ready to be sold.
and relies on existing principles of water spraying which have been used for nearly a century to minimise the levels of coal dust in the air.
The new technology utilises precise placement of water spray nozzles, designed to create an mbrellaeffect to seal dust clouds in with spray,
There is an increase in the number of nozzles used and the water flow in marginally increased, in comparison to standard spray setups.
The Lumimems Reader is able to operate in air, water and other fluids or in a vacuum
and the equivalent of around 20 Olympic swimming pools of rainwater-quality water was discharged safely. Sludge is a semisolid by-product of wastewater treatment
and the mine water to be treated in a more environmentally sound way, CSIRO scientist Dr Grant Douglas said. educing the amount of sludge is beneficial
Like the leaves of a plant, the material requires only exposure to sunlight and a small amount of water to produce oxygen."
"On USS Ponce, Laws has been in test and development mode since August 2014 in the Gulf.
when placed in water. But if it is simply cut in half, it will reattach itself.
The project is the brainchild of the same clean tech researchers who last year invented a billboard capable of generating drinkable water out of thin air.
That billboard generated up to 26 gallons of water a day by collecting humidity from the air.
water and dishwashing detergent, mix them up in a blender at high speed, and come up with graphene sheets.
The property is also five times more water-efficient than the normal house, with low-flow fixtures and short-run hot-water pipes.
and viruses but this is the first time anyone has built a chromosome from a eukaryote an organism
Says Mohammed Saddiq general manager of GENECO in a press statement issued by parent company Wessex Water:
#High-tech Exosuit gives divers access to unexplored ocean canyons Michael Lombardi the dive safety officer for the American Museum of Natural history trains in the Exosuit.
Marine biologists and engineers have developed now a massive Exosuit weighing 530 lbs. 240 kilograms) designed for ocean depths down to 1000 feet (305 meters) another extreme environment where no one can hear you scream.
Researchers will take the Exosuit on its maiden journey this July when they will use it to take samples
and conduct imaging studies of the animals that live in The Canyons a region off the New england coast where the continental shelf plunges to depths of more than 10000 feet (3050 m). Dangers in the Deep:
10 Scariest Sea Creatures The one-of-a-kind Exosuit on display at the American Museum of Natural history (AMNH) now through March 5 measures 6. 5 feet (2 meters) tall
and biofluorescence in the mesopelagic zone found at 656 to 3281 feet (200 to 1000 m) below the ocean's surface where light is dim
Billions of marine animals migrate vertically on a daily basis from deep within the ocean's darkest abysses to the surface where they feed at night only to drop thousands of feet back to the depths before dawn.
Many of these migrating fish plankton and other animals have bioluminescent or biofluorescent properties but scientist have studied only them with remote instruments
That's what makes the Exosuit a giant leap forward for marine biologists who have never before been able to study these little-known organisms in their natural habitat.
Our access to these deeper open water and reef habitats has been limited which has restricted our ability to investigate the behavior
and flashing patterns of bioluminescent organisms or to effectively collect fishes and invertebrates from deep reefs John Sparks a curator in the American Museum of Natural history's Department of Ichthyology said in a statement.
which owns the Exosuit) the AMNH the John B. Pierce Laboratory at Yale university Baruch College-City university of New york the University of Rhode island and Arizona State university.
#$1. 7 million personal submarine lets you'fly'underwater Adventurers with deep pockets can now explore the hidden depths of the ocean,
The Deepflight Super Falcon, developed by California-based Hawkes Ocean Technologies, is winged a two-seater submersible that can take passengers on undersea joyrides.
founder and chief technical officer of Hawkes Ocean Technologies, told the Chronicle.""It is like flying in the air,
To dive, submarines fill the space between the two shells with water, changing the ship's density
When submarines remain on the water's surface the area between the two shells is filled with air,
however, dives underwater like a whale, using thrust to generate"downward lift"to help the vehicle descend below the water's surface.
Hawkes Ocean Technologies, founded in 1996, got its start designing submersibles for the military and scientific communities.
#Metal surface is so water-repellent that drops of water bounce off it like balls Researchers at the University of Rochester have created a metal surface so hydrophobic that water bounces off it
Water dropped over the metal appears like candy-dispenser bouncy balls as it richochets off.
To create the effect researchers used lasers to etch nanoscale structures into the metal surface that repel the water.
Because they are etched in at such a microscopic level they do not rub off meaning that metals etched with these structures never lose their water-resistance.
Also airplanes etched in these nanostructures could potentially avoid the dangers of water freezing on the wings.
More efficient water recollection systems could even be designed for use in underdeveloped countries. The possibilities are numerous.
Though perhaps it's simply enough to be dazzled by displays of water bouncing around like balls. he material is so strongly water-repellent the water actually gets bounced offsaid Chunlei Guo a professor of optics
#Watch Bill gates drink a big glass of filtered poop water Sedro-Woolley, a slightly Twin peaks-y logging outpost located about two hours north of Seattle in Skagit County,
He sipped on potable purified poop water that, just a few moments before, looked nothing like the clear liquid you expect to come out of your kitchen faucet."
"It's water,"the billionaire philanthropist announced, deadpan, to a rapt crowd of onlookers after he took a polite swig of the stuff without grimacing.
The miraculous poo-to-water transformation was made possible by the Omniprocessor, a large machine/small waste treatment plant developed by Janicki Bioenergy (an offshoot of Sedro-Woolley-based Janicki Industries)
Gates himself describes the waste-to-water process on his Gates Notes blog: I watched the piles of feces go up the conveyer belt and drop into a large bin.
The water tasted as good as any Ie had out of a bottle. And having studied the engineering behind it,
The molecules were positioned to create speckled patterns that would result in a holographic'S'.The sea of electrons that exists naturally at the surface of the copper layer served as their illumination.
Just as water bouncing off stones in a show pond create a rippling wave patterns, these electrons interfere with the carbon monoxide molecules to create a quantum hologram.
that had been thought to come almost exclusively from marine plankton such as shelled algae. Biologists knew that bony fish a group that includes most fish apart from cartilaginous ones such as sharks
and rays produced calcium carbonate in their guts to rid themselves of excess calcium ingested from seawater.
But this process hadn't been factored into models of ocean chemistry.""This is the first study that has tried even to link carbonate production by fish to global carbon cycles,
and measured the amount excreted by the European flounder (Platichthys flesus) and the Gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta),
they used two independent computer models to calculate the total mass of fish in the world's oceans.
The models suggested that there are between 0. 8 billion tonnes and 2 billion tonnes of fish biomass in the oceans.
before this, unrecognized source of calcium carbonate in the ocean,"says Victoria Fabry, an oceanographer at California State university,
San marcos. And this might elucidate why ocean surface waters are more alkaline, or less acidic, than models have predicted.
The carbonate coming from plankton doesn't dissolve until it sinks to depths greater than 1000 metres.
and reduce the acidity of the water.""It helps explain a dilemma we had with the calcium-carbonate budget,
"says Richard Feely, an oceanographer at the National oceanic and atmospheric administration's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory in Seattle, Washington,
Ocean scientists have warned that plankton and corals will produce less calcium carbonate as the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere rises,
Fish make calcium carbonate by combining calcium from seawater with carbonate ions generated from CO2 in their bodies.
If the amount of atmospheric CO2 goes up as expected leading to a CO2 increase in the oceans the fish may produce more carbonate ions and thus more calcium carbonate.
but it could also reduce the average size of fish in the oceans. Smaller fish,
which mercury is used to form an amalgam with gold particles in river sediments; or China's use of mercury catalysts in the manufacture of plastics.
000-5, 000 metres above sea level, yarsagumba (Ophiocordyceps sinensis) is prescribed in traditional Chinese and Tibetan medicine for a wide range of conditions including impotence, asthma and cancer.
A total of 314 different types of bacteria were collected in air masses around 10 kilometres above the Gulf of mexico
the Caribbean sea, the Atlantic ocean, and the continental United states. Although the scientists trapped only a small amount of material,
when water molecules in the air coalesce around a seed particle, often dust or soot. Depending on temperature, these complexes can grow into large water droplets or frozen balls of ice,
leading to cloud formation and rain or snow. The latest findings support emerging theories that bacterial communities
#Ceramics surprise with durable dryness Coatings that repel water are found in myriad applications#they keep car windscreens clear in storms, for example,
following the discovery that a well-known family of durable ceramics can repel water. That is surprising because most ceramics are hydrophilic.
When water meets a ceramic such as aluminium oxide the water s oxygen atoms share some of their electrons with vacant electron orbitals on the aluminium atoms,
and the oxygens in the ceramic share their electrons with hydrogen in the water. This binds the two together.
But what if a ceramic failed to accept electrons from water? Then the ceramic might actually be reasoned hydrophobic
Kripa Varanasi, a materials scientist at the Massachusetts institute of technology (MIT) in Cambridge. He looked to the oxides of the lanthanides#the row of metals nestled almost at the bottom of the periodic table, from cerium to lutetium.
which should make them much less attractive to water s oxygen, thought Varanasi. Proving that sometimes the simplest experiments are the best,
The team then dropped water onto the pellets and watched what happened. Every single one repelled the liquid.
When water condensed on to the discs, it did so in neat droplets rather than the films that would form on non-hydrophobic materials such as silicon.
Gisele Azimi and Adam T. Paxsona thin film made of a water-repelling ceramic material#here a rare-earth oxide#can help you stay dry.
The water-repelling properties of cerium dioxide had been noticed before2 for example by a student working with Barry Cheung, a materials scientist at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
missing oxygen atoms#that allowed water to latch on. Cheung suggests that Varanasi's ceramics were particularly hydrophobic
water condenses onto the blades and forms droplets many micrometres across. The rotating blades lose energy as they smash into these droplets, accounting for up to 30%of the inefficiency of the turbine,
A hydrophobic coating made of tough ceramic would prevent films of water forming on the blades,
where films of water on the blades can, if they freeze in cold weather, lead to catastrophic failures.
#Genomes link Aboriginal australians to Indians Some Aboriginal australians can trace as much as 11%of their genomes to migrants who reached the island around 4, 000 years ago from India,
who announced the finding on 10 january at a meeting of the American Astronomical Society in Long beach, California1.
In Madagascar, the team identified four mammal species#including two lemurs#representing one in eight of all the island s mammals.
#Meteorite carries ancient water from Mars It may just look like your average rock, but in fact it's an extra-special delivery from the red planet.
Laboratory analysis has revealed that a specimen bought from a Moroccan meteorite dealer in 2011 is the first sample of Martian origin that is similar to the water-rich rocks examined by NASA s rovers.
contains a concentration of water by weight about ten times higher than in any of the other 100
found in the Sahara desert, has a higher water content than any Martian meteorite previously analysed.
Those rocks showed evidence of chemical alteration by interactions with liquid water, notes Agee. The composition of NWA 7034 also matches that of rocks studied by Curiosity, NASA s newest rover,
or surface processes involving water may have lasted well beyond the 4-billion-year mark, Agee adds.
That is not a surprise, given the map of hydrogen (a stand-in for water) generated by an instrument on the Mars Odyssey orbiting spacecraft and the presence of small amounts of water in younger Martian meteorites
and the presence of water in it suggests that crustal rocks on Mars interacted with surface water that was delivered by volcanic activity,
whether that water content truly reveals an abundance of surface water on Mars 2. 1 billion years ago awaits further study u
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