with one end that was water-loving or hydrophilic and one that was water-fearing or hydrophobic.
A mixture of these molecules self-assembled into a vesicle, much like the coalescing of oil droplets in water,
with the hydrophobic ends pointing inward and the hydrophilic ends pointing outward. The result was millions of bubble-like structures, each 100 times smaller than the width of a human hair.
water-soluble QDS in the July 1 issue of the journal Green Chemistry. This is the first example of engineers harnessing nature's unique ability to achieve cost effective and scalable manufacturing of QDS using a bacterial process.
The solution yields extracellular, water-soluble quantum dots from low-cost precursors at ambient temperatures and pressure.
helping them to use less fertilizers and water, and to control the general condition of their crops.
if a poor state of health is caused by disease or a lack of water anyway,
which involves shuttling tiny drops of water around on a series of small electrodes that looks like a miniature checkerboard.
It thus remains trapped in the core like water in a pipe and follows the glass fibre,
PCC 7002, a type of cyanobacteriaorganisms that make building blocks for new cells out of air, water, and sunlight.
an aspect of fluid dynamics that describes why a thin stream of water breaks up into smaller droplets.
The photocatalytic nanomaterial can be used to treat water using visible light. How the New Catalyst Works Their new material breaks down BPA through photocatalytic oxidation, a process in
In a new paper published this week in Nature Communications("Nanoparticles with photoinduced precipitation for the extraction of pollutants from water and soil),
and extract a variety of contaminants from soil and water. Nanoparticles that lose their stability upon irradiation with light have been designed to extract endocrine disruptors, pesticides,
and other contaminants from water and soils. The system exploits the large surface-to-volume ratio of nanoparticles,
When they learned that UV light was used to disinfect water in certain treatment plants, they began to ask a different question. e thought
or hormones from water, because we saw that the particles aggregate once you irradiate them with UV light.
and dispersed evenly in water. But when exposed to UV light, the stabilizing outer shell of the particles is shed,
much in the way a wave moves through water without actually transporting the water molecules anywhere.
#Smart hydrogel coating creates'stick-slip'control of capillary action Coating the inside of glass microtubes with a polymer hydrogel material dramatically alters the way capillary forces draw water into the tiny structures,
Capillary action draws water and other liquids into confined spaces such as tubes, straws, wicks and paper towels,
. But a chance observation by researchers at the Georgia Institute of technology will cause a recalculation of those predictions for conditions in which hydrogel films line the tubes carrying water-based liquids."
water-based liquids slip to a new location in the tube, get stuck, then slip again
the water propagates at a nearly constant speed into the hydrogel-coated capillary. This was very different from
and were reported earlier this month in the journal Soft Matter("Stick-Slip Water Penetration into Capillaries Coated with Swelling Hydrogel").
"When the opening of a thin glass tube is exposed to a droplet of water, the liquid begins to flow into the tube, pulled by a combination of surface tension in the liquid and adhesion between the liquid and the walls of the tube.
Leading the way is a meniscus, a curved surface of the water at the leading edge of the water column.
Water entering a tube coated on the inside with a dry hydrogel film must first wet the film
but with discrete steps in which the water meniscus first sticks and its motion remains arrested
This"stick-slip"process forces the water to move into the tube in a step-by-step motion.
"Though there is some swelling of the hydrogel upon contact with water, the change in the tube diameter is negligible due to the small thickness of the hydrogel layer.
Water absorption by the hydrogels occurs only when the materials remain below a specific transition temperature.
the materials no longer absorb water, eliminating the"stick-slip"phenomenon in the microtubes and allowing them to behave like ordinary tubes.
This ability to turn the stick-slip behavior on and off with temperature could provide a new way to control the flow of water-based liquid in microfluidic devices,
one-pot conversion of CO2 and epoxides to polycarbonate block copolymers that contain both water-soluble and hydrophobic regions
they polymerized first and attached the water-soluble groups afterwards. The entire process is even a one-pot reaction:
Subsequently a thiolene click reaction can be used to simply click a water-soluble group into place at the double bond.
Whats really exciting is that weve been able to connect atomic-level interactions of water and oxides on the surface to macroscopic measurements of wetting,
the W. M. Keck Professor of Energy at MIT and a senior author of a paper describing the findings in the Journal of Physical chemistry C("Reactivity of Perovskites with Water:
Materials that repel water, as shown at right, where droplets form sharp, steep boundaries, are more conducive to catalytic activity,
and with varying degrees of water vapor present. Experiments using this system, called ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, revealed that the reactivity with water is key to the whole process,
she says. The water molecules break apart to form hydroxyl groups an atom of oxygen bound to an atom of hydrogen bonded to the materials surface.
These reactive compounds, in turn, are responsible for increasing the wetting properties of the surface, while simultaneously inhibiting its ability to catalyze chemical reactions.
If a given material has a lower affinity for water, it has a higher affinity for catalytic activity.
--and protein-appended molecules that form water channels that transfer water at the rate of natural membranes,
"The researchers developed a second-generation synthetic water channel that improves on earlier attempts to mimic aquaporins-natural water channel proteins--by being more stable and easier to manufacture.
Kumar and co-authors report their development in a recent issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science("Highly permeable artificial water channels that can self-assemble into two-dimensional arrays"."
""We were surprised to see transport rates approaching the'holy grail'number of a billion water molecules per channel per second,
"The researchers consider that the PAP membranes are an order of magnitude better than the first-generation artificial water channels reported to date.
Or why some contaminants are so difficult to remove from stream sediments and groundwater.""Researchers across all disciplines have made observations of skeletons
or trapped in the minerals of sediments has implications for environmental management of water and soil."
and crumbled under the weight of"a relentless wall of water"as the Governor of Texas described it.
As the waters rose many people had to abandon their vehicles and escape on foot.
just as the flood waters arrived. Having an emergency bug out bag in your vehicle was a key preparedness strategy for those who had to abandon their vehicles
as many people suffered injuries from being hit by debris in flood waters. The ability to navigate on foot,
#California property values collapse as water shut offs begin...wealthy community to go dry in days...
real estate implosion now inevitable Water shut offs have begun now in California, where government-ordered restrictions are starting to leave large communities high and dry.
the Mountain House community of 15,000 residents will run out of water in just a matter of days."
"The community's sole source of water, the Byron-Bethany Irrigation District, was one of 114 senior water rights holders cut off by a curtailment notice from the state on Friday,"reports CBS. And just like that,
so the idea of carrying your own buckets of water for bathing isn't widely accepted.
I saw all this Coming in a May 7th article entitled Why the California water crisis will lead to a housing collapse, municipal bankruptcies and a mass exodus of climate refugees,
How many California homes and businesses are headed for a zero-water future? Many millions. How many Californians are aware of all this
"A number of water districts plan to sue the state on the grounds the State Water Resources Control board has no legal authority to cut off some of California oldest and most protected water rights,
"reports CBS. And so the water wars begin: there's not enough water to go around, and the courtroom serves as the new battleground over a resource that the state of California has squandered for far too long.
The Collapsifornia real estate collapse has begun already Just as I predicted in May, the collapse of real estate valuations in California is already well under way.
A multi-million-dollar estate has lost over 25%of its value virtually overnight due to the issue of water.
The more water gets cut off by the government, the more desperate people will be to sell and leave.
and water runs uphill. They've recently even decided that California should cover the health care costs of the children of illegal immigrants.
"There's no water problem in California! It has the entire Pacific ocean right next door!""you need to look into the catastrophic environmental destruction tied to ocean water desalination.
when it comes to water, 'I can tell you without hesitation that California's water woes have begun only.
If you live in California and don't have your own individual water supply--a private well that still works,
Hence the coming wave of recently-bankrupt California climate refugees who will flood into neighboring states seeking water, low-cost housing and free entitlements.
and it swells in the presence of water. Acrylate, a type of salt also known as waterlock, is the substance that gives nappies their sponginess.
Just add water Before swelling, the tissue is treated with a chemical cocktail that makes it transparent,
Just as with nappies, adding water causes the acrylate polymer to swell. After stretching the fluorescent-tagged molecules move further away from each other;
for example, want to pick up that cup of water. So in this trial, we were successfully able to decode these actual intents,
allowing them to survive in water that's warmer than their typical habitat t
#Laser'tricorder'can diagnose malaria through the skin It's a weapon that fights malaria a laser scan can give an accurate diagnosis in seconds,
#Infrared light speeds up healing by turbocharging our cells A near infrared laser beam makes it easier for a nanoscale probe to pass through water (Image:
the red light seems to alter the physical properties of water, which turbocharges the chemical reactions that provide a cell's energy.
The work from Sommer's team now points at the water within the cell. Normally the layer of water next to any solid object has high surface tension
making it viscous.""It's like molasses, "says Sommer. His team found that when surface layers of water are illuminated with the red light,
it increases the distance between each water molecule, making the liquid become"runnier"."Mitochondria are powered by an enzyme bound into their membranes.
It spins like a molecular turbine, and being surrounded by runnier water should make it turn more easily,
generating more ATP. Because it is hard to measure water inside a living cell, the team measured the effect of near-infrared light on thin layers of water by examining the friction on a diamond probe as it pushed through water
and into a metal block (see picture above). Illuminating the water cut the force needed to push in the probe by 72 per cent."
"It's highly significant, "says Horst-Dieter Försterling of the Philipp University of Marburg in Germany."
"This is the first explanation of how the light might work.""Other research groups are investigating this phenomenon as a way to speed up the healing of skin wounds
The computer working involves using droplets of water soaked with magnetic nanoparticles, the computer then uses electromagnetic field to pump the droplets around gates to perform logical operations.
which could run with water. After carrying out a lot of research, Prakash has built a rotating magnetic field to coordinate with the flow of droplets in a timely manner and acts as a clock."
When a crack forms and water seeps in, the bacteria"wake up, "and start eating the food.
and prevents the water from doing more damage (such as rusting the steel bars that are present in a lot of concrete structures).
instead, water actually increases friction instead of decreasing it
#Now You Can 3d-Print Objects Made Of Wood Fibers From prosthetic hands to an entire bridge,
To work around this, the researchers mixed tiny fibers of cellulose in a liquid gel made of water.
then slowly remove some of the water so that the final product is desired in the shape.
By testing the waters before casting a net, the startup says they can save a lot of fuel on fishing vessels
The drone can easily land in water and fly back up. For communication the Fish Scout pod creates its own Wi-fi connection with an impressive 320-foot range.
As the pod scans the water for signs of fish, it will send back images via a free Aguadrone app.
a patented technology to split oxygen and water molecules into free radicals. Those radicals easily react with viruses,
#ATM Technology Gets Applied to Kenyan Water Access It comes to no surprise that water is a scarce, precious and too-often polluted resource for people living in many developing nations,
and that it is becoming scarcer as environmental and political forces reduce the supply of fresh water worldwide.
In Kenya Mathare slum, for example, residents must purchase frequently dirty water from vendors who charge exorbitant prices for access.
and dispense the requested amount of water. Current water dispensers are charging one Kenyan shilling (about half a cent U s.)for 20 liters of fresh water,
which is significantly cheaper than charged by local vendors: up to 50 shillings per 20 liters in some areas.
Because of the advanced tech inherent with the water dispenser machines, the water is not only cheaper, but safer to Drink up until now,
#Developing Nations Turn to Salt water Lamp for Power People in too may parts of the world lack access to reliable power grids,
The SALT (Sustainable Alternative Lighting) lamp offers a healthier solution with a saltwater-powered battery.
and water when disposed of. The SALT lamp can also connect to a smartphone. The lamp will charge phones
which collects and safely holds the water even if it is held upside down. The tank, which has a capacity of 4cl,
in order to dispense the water. Kjaro can be worn after being used and is adaptable to different situations.
since the early 1800's. Light a candle, fill the device with water, and you have a charger."
has created an insect-like robot that can jump on water surfaces. As Dr Cho and co-authors watched the water strider jump on water surfaces using high-speed cameras,
they noticed that the long legs accelerate gradually, so that the water surface doesn retreat too quickly
and lose contact with the legs. Using a theoretical model of a flexible cylinder floating on liquid,
the scientists found that the maximum force of the water striderslegs is always just below the maximum force that water surface tension can withstand.
and gradually increases but that never exceeds the surface tension force of water. As well, the high-speed cameras reveal that the water strider sweeps its legs inward
in order to maximize the time the legs can push against the surface of the water, thus maximizing the overall force;
this additional concept was applied also to the robots to help them achieve lift off. umping on water is a unique locomotion mode found in semiaquatic arthropods, such as water striders.
and applied them to develop a bio-inspired impulsive mechanism that maximizes momentum transfer to water,
the scientists wrote in a paper published in the journal Science. e found that water striders rotate the curved tips of their legs inward at a relatively low descending velocity with a force just below that required to break the water surface (144 millinewtons/meter).
and verified that it jumps on water with maximum momentum transfer, the scientists said t
and spin microscopic particles suspended in water. The research by academics from the University of Bristol's Department of Mechanical engineering and Northwestern Polytechnical University in China, is published in Physical Review Letters.
when a mixture of small microparticles (less than 1 micron) and water were introduced they rotated slowly about the vortex core.
made from water, carbon dioxide and renewable energy sources, and they say their pilot plant in Dresden will pump out 160 litres of the of the stuff every day in the coming months to power their Audi a8 cars.
so that no biomass is required-just water, hydrogen, CO2 and sunlight, like how they're producing their new'e-diesel'fuel."
boil the fish in water or soup for 10 minutes, remove from the heat, and add a generous dash of lemon juice to foster iron absorption.
#Engineers have created a computer that operates on water droplets Researchers in the US have built a fully functioning computer that runs like clockwork-but instead of electrons,
it operates using the movement of tiny magnetised water droplets. The ultimate goal is to use the machine to precisely control
Although this new water-based computer could theoretically do everything a normal computer can thanks to its universal logic gates,
but although it was easy enough to work out how to control water droplets-by infusing them with magnetic nanoparticles
but Prakash team struggled to find something that would do the same thing with water.
And it carries information using the absence of presence of water droplets as the 1s and 0s of its binary code."
of which loves water-hydrophilic -and the other is repelled by it-hydrophobic. When great numbers of these molecules are mixed together,
not only does it transform the sewerage that goes through it into sterilised flushing water, it also seeks to solve one of the biggest issues that arise
the team has integrated also a function that can turn the byproducts of the water sterilising process into useable hydrogen and fertiliser.
"The same technique was used to display projects in the air, across fluorescent plates, in water and in a fluorescent solution.
and looped irrigation system they use requires 70 percent less water than open-field farming and can produce crops all year round,
AND electricity A new type of solar cell can convert liquid water into clean hydrogen fuel 10 times more effectively than any other technology,
which can split water into its hydrogen and oxygen components far more cheaply and efficiently than the batteries and semiconductor materials that have been used in the past.
Previous studies have shown that connecting an existing silicon solar cell to a water-splitting battery can produce hydrogen fuel,
The most promising option is using some kind of semiconductor material that can convert sunlight into an electrical charge while splitting water into useable components,
"In addition, Gap is also able to extract oxygen from the water -so you then actually have a fuel cell in
From the products of a biomass gasification plant i e. hydrogen carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide the Demosng pilot plant directly produces methane and water by means of a nickel catalyst (SNG operation.
Frank Graf Section Head of the test laboratory of the German Technical and Scientific Association of Gas and Water (DVGW) at KIT adds:
#Technology to recycle all type of plastics without using water The technology developed by Marco Adame founder of Ak Inovex can process more than 90 percent of any type of plastic avoids water waste
(when it comes in contact with water it retains moisture at a molecular level) so it has to be dehydrated so it can be crystallized;
and then cooling the material with water. However the development of AK Inovex performs all this process without water
so it goes directly to the formation of recycled beads. As a result the energy consumption is reduced by half
One of the last steps involves the separation of ethanol from water. Researchers found a few all-silica zeolites with superior performance that contain pores
but to shun hydrogen bonding with water molecules. One of these zeolites which was synthesized and tested in University of Minnesota chemical engineering
and materials science professor Michael Tsapatsis'lab was found to be so effective that it could change the ethanol/water separation process from a multi-step distillation process to a single-step adsorptive process.
"In simple terms, this type of fuel cell works because the bacteria consume the waste materials found in the water,
the water itself becomes purified, "he says. Searching for the best bacteria"Our challenge has been to find the mechanisms
"To start with, we had to find a bacterium which was not only able to consume the waste products in the water,
Today, they have a small demonstration plant bubbling away in the lab--efficiently exploiting the bacterias'ability to purify dirty water
these core/shell particles self-assemble into a thin film upon water removal. The whole procedure takes less then 24 hours.
And it is these patterns that make the metals repel water. The material is so strongly water-repellent the water actually gets bounced off.
Then it lands on the surface again gets bounced off again and then it will just roll off from the surface said Guo professor of optics at the University of Rochester.
The difference is that to make water to roll off a Teflon coated material you need to tilt the surface to nearly a 70-degree angle before the water begins to slide off.
As the water bounces off the super-hydrophobic surfaces it also collects dust particles and takes them along for the ride.
Roughly half of the dust particles were removed with just three drops of water. It took only a dozen drops to leave the surface spotless.
In these regions collecting rain water is vital and using super-hydrophobic materials could increase the efficiency without the need to use large funnels with high-pitched angles to prevent water from sticking to the surface says Guo.
A second application could be creating latrines that are cleaner and healthier to use. Latrines are a challenge to keep clean in places with little water.
By incorporating super-hydrophobic materials a latrine could remain clean without the need for water flushing.
But challenges still remain to be addressed before these applications can become a reality Guo states.
The combination of light-absorbing properties with making metals water repellent could lead to more efficient solar absorbers--solar absorbers that don't rust
and turned them hydrophilic meaning they attract water. In fact the materials were so hydrophilic that putting them in contact with a drop of water made water run uphill.
Guo's team is now planning on focusing on increasing the speed of patterning the surfaces with the laser as well as studying how to expand this technique to other materials such as semiconductors
or dielectrics opening up the possibility of water repellent electronics. Funding was provided by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the United states Air force Office of Scientific research h
The insulin also disrupted swimming behavior in fish exposed through water contact as measured by the percentage of time spent swimming and frequency of movements.
Cone snails are abundant in most tropical marine waters especially around coral reefs. Each species makes a distinct repertoire of venom compounds mixtures that have evolved to target particular prey.
Conus geographus a cone snail that has killed dozens of people in accidental encounters traps fish by releasing a blend of immobilizing venoms into the water according to the prevailing hypothesis. The snail protrudes a stretchy mouthlike part
when water is added. This allows specimens to be magnified physically and then imaged at a much higher resolution.
The specimen is washed then in salt-free water to induce a 100-fold expansion in volume.
and water bonding in meat, "they say. In order to screen the structure of the meat, the new approach uses x-rays at energies that are lower than normal,
"The results show that it is possible to separate meat samples from the same muscle tissue into two or three different categories based on both tenderness and water bonding,
The promising results for water activity and water bonding properties will be followed up so that the methods can be applied in the industry.
#Just add water: Engineers develop a computer that operates on water droplets The computer is nearly a decade in the making,
incubated from an idea that struck Prakash when he was a graduate student. The work combines his expertise in manipulating droplet fluid dynamics with a fundamental element of computer science--an operating clock."
Then they carefully injected into the mix individual water droplets that had been infused with tiny magnetic nanoparticles.
"Dirty water has a lot of organic matter, "Choi says.""Any type of organic material can be the source of bacteria for the bacterial metabolism."
as it allows direct fabrication of GQDS using water without surfactant or chemical solvent. GQDS were used then as emitters in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDS)
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