for example, heating up water to heat up a radiator which heats up air and then finally heats up objects in a room, according to Harper.
Harper and his collaborators turned to graphene inks. his is especially important for water heating, where we wrap the flexible graphene element around a hot water tank,
heat transfer in water condensation. In a steam-powered power plant, water is heated up to create steam that turns a turbine.
The turning of the turbine produces electricity. In this process, the steam is condensed back into water
and the whole process begins again. The MIT team looked at these condensers and found that by layering their surfaces with graphene they can improve the rate of heat transfer by a factor of four.
In some of these systems, the condensation takes the shape of a thin sheet of water coating the surface of the metal tubing;
in others, water droplets are formed. When a thin film is formed the heat transfer of the condensation is compromised.
The MIT researchers exploited the graphene coating hydrophobic qualities to ensure that the water formed into droplets.
and water, explains Bo tjan Pregelj of the Jo ef Stefan Institute, and who is the Principal investigator of the FCGEN project.
and obtaining data on the presence of water or water-rich minerals. The A6 is scheduled to launch sometime later this year Planetary Resources says it wants to pursue a est oftenphilosophy in building the A3r
#Nanowires Boost Hydrogen Production from Sunlight Tenfold Using the energy of the sun to split water into hydrogen
even when using systems called solar fuel cells solar cells immersed in the water it splitting. Now researchers from Eindhoven University of Technology in The netherlands and the Dutch Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (FOM) report in the 17 july issue of Nature Communications that they have improved tenfold the hydrogen producing capacity of a solar fuel cell.
and the phone should only occasionally be chlorinated in water, and it needs to be rinsed off afterward.
Yet that point is distinctly farther under the water than any other major cell phone maker.
Its strategies guided by sophisticated computer models include building some inland water barriers as a second line of defense;
and rivers are disgorging more water during intense rainstorms s
#Can Apple Pay Do to Your Wallet What itunes Did for Music? The point-of-sale terminal at the CVS drugstore in Palo alto, California, can accept payments through a quick tap from a smartphone.
So far Tibbits has demonstrated materials that respond to light water and heat. But he says it should be possible to make ones that respond to air pressure and other stimuli.#
because it can easily be generated from water using electrolysis. It also burns cleanly to produce water vapor.
and catalyst materials to make hydrogen and oxygen from water. This new ater splitter, as such devices are known,
Researchers have been pursuing solar-powered water splitting for decades, and while theye shown great performance in one or two parts of such a device,
The solar water splitter stores 12.3 percent of the energy in sunlight in the form of hydrogen.
nanometre scale particles mixed in water. These particles can be engineered chemically to bind together to form specific structures.
The particles they want to assemble are tiny droplets of fluorinated oil placed in water. These droplets are 50 micrometres in diameter
The team injects a number of these droplets in a row into a flow of water that passes through a microfluidic chamber.
and water needed to grow food. Researchers at Cornell University and Rothamsted Research in the United kingdom successfully transplanted genes from a type of bacteria-called cyanobacteria-into tobacco plants
although drone services can yet be offered commercially in the United states. Mike Schmitt, a professor in the Department of Soil, Water,
#Germany and Canada Are Building Water Splitters to Store Energy Germany which has come to rely heavily on wind
and solar power in recent years is launching more than 20 demonstration projects that involve storing energy by splitting water into hydrogen gas and oxygen.
The electrolyzer projects under construction in Germany typically consist of a few buildings each the size of a shipping container that consume excess renewable energy on sunny and windy days by turning it into an electric current that powers the water-splitting reaction.
pumping water up a hill and then letting it back down to drive a turbine. That approach is limited severely by geography
While zinc is more stable, the water-based electrolytes in conventional zinc batteries cause zinc to form dendrites,
furnishing water that sufficiently clean to use in hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, for oil and natural gas production (see atural Gas Changes the Energy Map.
And the volume of this so-called roducedwater is rising as the industry pumps water into nearly depleted wells to enhance oil recovery.
Right now, gas producers tend to store water that comes back up during the process in man-made ponds
Ultimately they inject the dirty water deep underground for final disposal. his is far and away the largest such plant anyone has built ever.
The water is pretreated to remove oil and grease residue and solid particles. The company heats the saline water
and sprays it into a porous material with a large surface area, saturating air with water vapor. This water-saturated air is then pumped up through tiny holes in a series of shallow
water-filled trays. As bubbles pass through the water in the trays, the water vapor in the bubbles condenses
and joins the water it is passing through, creating more fresh water. This so-called ubble columnallows the company to condense water vapor without needing expensive metal heat exchangers.
The processhich the company calls carrier gas extractionecycles up to 85 percent of the heat needed to keep the system running.
The remaining waste is disposed then as sludge in landfills. The project is being done with Pioneer Natural resources, an oil company in Texas. Anurag Bajpayee,
While the pitcher plant uses water to form a slick surface, the Harvard researchers use a variety of lubricants.
when carbon dioxide is pumped along with water into certain types of underground formations, it reacts with the surrounding rock
In the new work, researchers from University college London and the University of Iceland added carbon dioxide to a stream of water being pumped underground at a large geothermal power plant in Iceland,
The carbon dioxide quickly dissolves in the water, and in that state it no longer has a tendency to rise to the surface.
the carbon dioxide-laden water reacts with basalt, a type of volcanic rock. The researchers showed that, within a year,
basalt that is porous enough to accommodate the large volumes of water and carbon dioxide might be hard to come by.
Another robot dips its arms into a water trough to put droplets on the ends of its arms,
when copper ions generate free radicals from water and oxygen, and sometimes from certain sulfur-containing amino acids.
Many ancient societies used utensils made of copper or its alloys for food and water.
Graphene's Potential Drinking water Graphene could be used to desalinate seawater to make it drinkable-tiny pores in its crystal lattice could let water molecules through while blocking salt.
Rust-free cars Graphene repels water and is highly conductive. This combination delays the oxidising reaction that causes rust.
Graphene's Potential Drinking water Graphene could be used to desalinate seawater to make it drinkable-tiny pores in its crystal lattice could let water molecules through while blocking salt.
Rust-free cars Graphene repels water and is highly conductive. This combination delays the oxidising reaction that causes rust t
The electrolyser uses nine litres of water plus the solar energy collected, coupled with the batteries inside the housing, to produce the gas needed to inflate Zephyr in half a day.
The electrolyser uses nine litres of water plus the solar energy collected, coupled with the batteries inside the housing, to produce the gas needed to inflate Zephyr in half a day.
in the soil and water, becoming stronger and smarter, while posing a greater threat to public health.
when it interacts with other organisms in water. Its relationship with azospirillum brasilense, a bacteria routinely found in plants
#Bucktown Polymers water soluble Rinse Out 3d prinintg Resin (ROR) could replace lost wax casting Jun 1,
when exposed to light yet remains water soluble after curing: Rinse Out Resin (ROR. The company-which is based in Chicago,
whereas the ROR is capable of being rinsed with water in a matter of minutes. Additionally, the material allows for higher pattern resolution, intricacy and better finishes than other similar materials.
Since the water rinse is ultimately replacing the burnout process, it is also eliminating the problem of unintended patterns that can be created from other materials due to polymer expansions or leftover ash and residue.
With this in mind, the water soluble materials can be formulated for compatibility with many existing desktop 3d printers
Hydrogels, which are defined by water molecules that are encased in rubbery polymer networks that provide shape
the other is composed mainly of a 3d printable water gel called iology paper which can be used as a support for cell growth.
the Redura begins to slowly degrade into toxic-free carbon dioxide and water, 'he says. edura is degraded fully
Ozcan has created also a mobile device for detecting water contamination and a mobile microscope. t is quite important to have these kinds of mobile devices,
The researchers said they might likewise want to create materials that react to variables other than water, for example, high temperature and light.
They found that a medium with an embedded carbon nanoparticle results in a number of low energy electrons several times higher than that emitted by pure water.
"In the course of our research we injected equal, small portions of dyed water, one straight after another,
Since oil is immiscible with water, a'string'was created of a number of blue, virtually identical, microdroplets.
#DNA NANOSTRUCTURES Assembled in Waterless Solvent Researchers at the Georgia Institute of technology have shown now that they can assemble DNA NANOSTRUCTURES in a solvent containing no water.
They also discovered that adding a small amount of water to their solvent increases the assembly rate
we have shown that DNA NANOSTRUCTURES can be assembled in a water-free solvent, and that we can mix water with the same solvent to speed up the assembly.
We can also take the structures that were assembled in this solvent mixed with water emove the water by applying vacuum
and have the DNA structures remain intact in the water-free solvent. he assembly rate of DNA NANOSTRUCTURES can be very slow,
and depends strongly on temperature. Raising the temperature increases this rate, but temperatures that are too high can cause the DNA structures to fall apart.
and adding water can adjust the solvent viscosity, which allows for faster assembly compared to the water-free version of the solvent. his solvent changes the rules,
said Isaac Gállego, a postdoctoral researcher in Hud lab and the paper first author. e now have a tool that controls DNA assembly kinetics and thermodynamics all in one solvent.
he added. inetic traps are among the bottlenecks for producing more complicated DNA NANOSTRUCTURES. lycholine is miscible in water,
so it can be mixed in any ratio with water to control the kinetics of the assembly process.
For instance, one structure that assembles in six days in pure solvent will assemble in three hours in a glycholine solution containing 10 percent water.
A key feature of the new solvent system is that it does not require changes to existing DNA NANOTECHNOLOGY designs that were developed for water. ou can go back
said Gállego. his solvent system preserves the DNA structures that have been developed to work in water. he solvent system could improve the combined use of metallic nanoparticles and DNA based materials.
The solvent low volatility could also allow storage of assembled DNA structures without the concern that a water-based medium would dry out.
In future work, they hope to use the control provided by water-free solvents to obtain dynamic DNA structural rearrangements that are not possible in water,
both at Georgia Tech. hat was surprising was finding a solvent that allows the assembly of structures more easily than in water.
because DNA NANOTECHNOLOGY was developed in water. he research on water-free solvents grew out of Georgia Tech research into the origins of life.
such as the ancestor of DNA, could have developed in a water-free solution. In some cases, he noted,
the chemistry necessary to make the molecules of life would be much easier without water being present. his work was inspired by research into the origins of life with the basic question of
The process begins with conducting hydrogel, a water-based polymer with a spongy texture similar to soft contact lenses."
pyrrole, ferric chloride (Fecl3), ethanol and water--which makes it cheap enough and enables large-scale fabrication,
#Carbon nanotube-Based Water Desalination and Purification Technology Awarded Patent Mitra's new carbon nanotube immobilized membrane (CNIM) is an energy-efficient device designed to filter higher concentrations of salt than is currently feasible through reverse osmosis, one of the standard
It is used also to remove pollutants such as volatile organic compounds (VOCS)- chemicals routinely used in solvents-from water."
"Our hope is to expand the supply of water in places that really need it, while also reducing costs for industry."
Membrane distillation is a water desalination process in which heated salt water passes through a tubelike membrane,
Certain industries such as semiconductor manufacturing and pharmaceutical processing also require ultra-pure water for their operations.
In the case of fracking, the fresh water and chemicals that are pumped into the ground to release natural gas trapped beneath rocks absorb high concentrations of salt from the soil they pass through before returning as polluted water in need of treatment.
which relies on power-driven pump pressure to force water through a membrane, is used not commonly to treat this so-called produced water
because it typically contains very high concentrations of salt, requiring extremely high pressure. The electric power industry,
which uses a vast amount of water to cool its generators, is also eager to come up with more efficient processes to treat its wastewater,
"Our hope is to dramatically improve overall water and energy utilization, "Mitra said. Source: http://www. njit. ed d
#Synchronous Computer Operates on Water Droplets Infused with Magnetic nanoparticles The computer is nearly a decade in the making,
Then they carefully injected into the mix individual water droplets that had been infused with tiny magnetic nanoparticles.
Droplets of fat and water which can be produced on a large scaleliposomes have been used in several medical treatments.
when the researchers infused a single droplet of water with iodine-125 and deposited it on a thin layer of gold.
When the water evaporated, the iodine atoms bonded with the gold. The researchers inserted the tiny samplemaller than a dimento the microscope.
In an unmixable two-phase solution composed of an organic solvent (chloroform) and water, nanocrystals were immersed.
Nanocrystals do not dissolve in water; hence L-cysteine was added to transfer the nanocrystals in organic phase to water.
L-cysteine is a chiral molecule and it is used widely for phase transfers as a ligand.
and makes the material soluble in water. Hence, all the nanocrystals will be in water, irrespective of the cysteine chiral form.
When this solution was cooled and the phase transfer was interrupted at a specific point, a particular situation where the nanocrystal ensemble was divided equally between the phases that had nanocrystals both'left'and'right'-in different phases.
however, and this makes it possible for scientists to understand the behaviour of fluids such as water at extremely small scales.
very similar to having oil separated from water. The new research shows how simple changes in the channel size can be used to create very small structures,
e have revealed the next piece of a puzzle that over time can lead to the controlled tailoring of liquids at extremely small scales. his knowledge opens the door to developing new devices that target other liquids, such as water-based solutions,
#Vibrations of Water-Carrying Nanotubes for Improved Water filtration Systems Together, unsafe drinking water and the inadequate supply of water for hygiene purposes contribute to almost 90%of all deaths from diarrheal diseases
--and effective water sanitation interventions are still challenging scientists and engineers. A new study published in Nature Nanotechnology proposes a novel nanotechnology-based strategy to improve water filtration.
The research project involves the minute vibrations of carbon nanotubes called"phonons, "which greatly enhance the diffusion of water through sanitation filters.
The project was the joint effort of a Tsinghua University-Tel aviv University research team and was led by Prof.
"Through phonon oscillations--vibrations of water-carrying nanotubes--water transport can be enhanced, and sanitation and desalination improved.
however, we witnessed three times the efficiency of water transport, and, of course, a great deal of energy saved."
such vibrations produce a 300%improvement in the rate of water diffusion by using computers to simulate the flow of water molecules flowing through nanotubes.
Wakes occur whenever something is traveling through a medium faster than the waves it creates--in the duck's case water waves, in the plane's case shock waves,
"This research addresses a particularly elegant and innovative problem in physics which connects different physical phenomena, from water wakes to sonic booms,
Large-scale graphene can be used for applications such as water desalination membranes and flexible electronics. raphene is more conductive than any metal we know of,
said UC San diego Nanoengineering Ph d. candidate Aliaksandr (Alex) Zaretski. t has been known for years that graphene is useful as a water desalination membrane.
One way is to use electricity that is produced to split the liquid water. This process is called electrolysis.
One efficient solution is to link a current silicon solar cell to a battery which is capable of splitting the liquid water;
but also splits the water, acting as a form of solar fuel cell. The research team at FOM and TU/e found their desired candidate in Gap,
Gap is also able to extract oxygen from the water so you then actually have a fuel cell in
and extract a variety of contaminants from soil and water. Ferdinand Brandl and Nicolas Bertrand, the two lead authors, are former postdocs in the laboratory of Robert Langer, the David H. Koch Institute Professor at MIT Koch Institute
When they learned that UV light was used to disinfect water in certain treatment plants, they began to ask a different question. e thought
or hormones from water, because we saw that the particles aggregate once you irradiate them with UV light. trap for ater-fearingpollutionthe researchers synthesized polymers from polyethylene glycol,
and dispersed evenly in water. But when exposed to UV light, the stabilizing outer shell of the particles is shed,
#Coral-Like Nanoplates Help Remove Toxic Heavy metals from Water A new material that mimics coral could help remove toxic heavy metals like mercury from the ocean,
Toxic heavy metal ions like mercury, lead and arsenic are released into the water through human activity, including manufacturing and industrial processes.
When mercury pollutes the water plants and animals absorb it. The mercury builds up in the food chain, ultimately resulting in toxic fish.
with the aim of adsorbing mercury from water. Aluminium oxide has previously been used to remove pollutants,
"Adsorption is an easy way to remove pollutants from water, so developing new products that can do this is a big challenge in environmental remediation,
"The researchers tested the coral-like nanoplates on removing mercury from water. They found that the coral-like structure removed around 2. 5 times more mercury from water than the traditional aluminium oxide nanoparticles."
"We are excited very about the results, which provide a good example for the production of coral-like adsorbents,
#Saturas Successfully Conducts Field trials of Embedded Stem Water Sensor The field tests were conducted on peach and citrus trees at the Hula Valley Orchards Experimental Farm.
The results were consistent with the stem water potential measurement using manual measurement tools and successfully demonstrated continuous measurement of the water status in the tree.
Based on the research of Dr. Moshe Meron Saturas has developed a miniature stem water potential (SWP) sensor that is embedded in the trunks of trees vines and plants.
SWP is recognized a scientifically highly accurate parameter for determining water status in crops but today SWP can only be measured in a labor-intensive procedure.
The Saturas sensor provides accurate information for optimized irrigation to reduce water consumption with no stress to the plants and increases fruit production and quality.
The Saturas sensing system tailors irrigation to the crop's real-time water needs resulting in more efficient water use
#Portable, Autonomous Device Analyzes Trace elements in Water, Air and Upper Atmosphere Researchers from Arizona State university School of Earth and Space exploration have combined their sensors,
allows researchers to do things such as detect microbes in water, soil and the upper atmosphere. The machine,
and the Southern California Coastal Water Research Project to detect microbial contaminants in water more rapidly,
lander or orbiter to seek out extant DNA in the water on Mars, the oceans of Europa,
water or other spaces that are causes for health concerns. And it could aid in the detection of chemical weapons.
and are used often to purify water. Colleagues at the Department of energy Joint Genome Institute shotgun-sequenced the DNA of all the microbes in the filtered sample,
with one end that was water-loving or hydrophilic and one that was water-fearing or hydrophobic.
A mixture of these molecules self-assembled into a vesicle, much like the coalescing of oil droplets in water,
with the hydrophobic ends pointing inward and the hydrophilic ends pointing outward. The result was millions of bubble-like structures, each 100 times smaller than the width of a human hair.
which involves shuttling tiny drops of water around on a series of small electrodes that looks like a miniature checkerboard.
The new microneedle patch Microhyala is dissolvable in water. The tiny needles are made of hyaluronic acid,
Georgia Institute of technology Study Coating the inside of glass microtubes with a polymer hydrogel material dramatically alters the way capillary forces draw water into the tiny structures,
Capillary action draws water and other liquids into confined spaces such as tubes, straws, wicks and paper towels,
. But a chance observation by researchers at the Georgia Institute of technology will cause a recalculation of those predictions for conditions in which hydrogel films line the tubes carrying water-based liquids. ather than moving according to conventional expectations,
water-based liquids slip to a new location in the tube, get stuck, then slip again
the water propagates at a nearly constant speed into the hydrogel-coated capillary. This was very different from
When the opening of a thin glass tube is exposed to a droplet of water, the liquid begins to flow into the tube, pulled by a combination of surface tension in the liquid and adhesion between the liquid and the walls of the tube.
Leading the way is a meniscus, a curved surface of the water at the leading edge of the water column.
Water entering a tube coated on the inside with a dry hydrogel film must first wet the film
but with discrete steps in which the water meniscus first sticks and its motion remains arrested
This tick-slipprocess forces the water to move into the tube in a step-by-step motion. The flow rate measured by the researchers in the coated tube is three orders of magnitude less than the flow rate in an uncoated tube.
said Fedorov. hough there is some swelling of the hydrogel upon contact with water, the change in the tube diameter is negligible due to the small thickness of the hydrogel layer.
Water absorption by the hydrogels occurs only when the materials remain below a specific transition temperature.
the materials no longer absorb water, eliminating the tick-slipphenomenon in the microtubes and allowing them to behave like ordinary tubes.
This ability to turn the stick-slip behavior on and off with temperature could provide a new way to control the flow of water-based liquid in microfluidic devices,
farmers could find ways to use water, seed, and fertilizer more efficiently, lowering their costs enough to more than pay for the technology investment
Such investments led to the creation of water sensors and drones which help farmers, like Keith Larrabee, make effective decisions.
or doused in water and will still work. Practically, the Foldscope can help doctors correctly diagnose deadly diseases such as malaria, schistosomiasis,
Recently, Prakash also developed a computer than runs on water droplets. The droplets are suspended in a magnetic field
The pipeline was shut off about three hours later but by then the slick stretched 45 metres into the water.
About 3, 200 litres of oil have been recovered from the water, Williams said. The accident occurred on the same stretch of coastline as a 1969 spill that at the time was the largest ever in U s. waters
and is credited for giving rise to the American environmental movement. Several hundred thousand gallons spilled from a blowout on an oil platform
The pipeline was shut off about three hours later but by then the slick stretched 45 metres into the water.
About 3, 200 litres of oil have been recovered from the water, Williams said. The accident occurred on the same stretch of coastline as a 1969 spill that at the time was the largest ever in U s. waters
and is credited for giving rise to the American environmental movement. Several hundred thousand gallons spilled from a blowout on an oil platform
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