#Engineers invent two-dimensional liquid (Nanowerk News) Where water and oil meet, a two-dimensional world exists.
Their soft nanoparticles stick to the plane where oil and water meet, but do not stick to one another.
"The researchers created a 2-D liquid consisting of nanoparticles at the interface between a drop of oil and the surrounding water.
The researchers created a 2-D liquid consisting of nanoparticles at the interface between a drop of oil and the surrounding water.
These ligands have a water-loving head and an oil-loving tail, and the way they are attached to the central particle allows them to contort themselves so both sides are happy
the researchers dripped a particle-containing an oil droplet out of a pipette into water.
This work is a significant advance towards developing more efficient electrocatalysts for water-splitting reactions and fuel generation.
which is the crucial cathodic reaction in water-alkali electrolyzers, which generate hydrogen by splitting water.
The HER activity for highly crystalline Pt3nit-skin nanoframe surface was enhanced by almost one order of magnitude relative to Pt/C. Utilizing the spontaneous structural evolution of a bimetallic nanoparticle from solid polyhedra to hollow nanoframes with controlled size, structure,
but lets water through (Nanowerk News) The unassuming piece of stainless steel mesh in a lab at The Ohio State university doesn't look like a very big deal,
Water passes through the mesh but oil doesn't, thanks to a nearly invisible oil-repelling coating on its surface.
In tests, researchers mixed water with oil and poured the mixture onto the mesh. The water filtered through the mesh to land in a beaker below.
The oil collected on top of the mesh and rolled off easily into a separate beaker when the mesh was tilted.
which is covered in a coating invented at The Ohio State university, captures oil (red) while water (blue) passes through.
superoleophobic coatings prepared by layer-by-layer technique for anti-smudge and oil-water separation"and"Nanomechanical behavior of Mos2 and WS2 multi-walled nanotubes and Carbon nanohorns").
whose bumpy surfaces naturally repel water but not oil. To create a coating that did the opposite,
When floated on water the particles form a sheet; when the water evaporates, it leaves the sheet suspended over a hole.
Its almost like a drumhead, says Xiao-Min Lin, the staff scientist at the Center for Nanoscale Materials who led the project.
when floated on water they try to avoid contact with it, so they end up distributing themselves in a nonuniform way across the top and bottom layers of the nanoparticle sheet.
You use one type of molecule that hates water and rely on the water surfaces to drive the molecules to distribute non-uniformly,
or you could use two different kinds of molecules. The key is that the molecules have to distribute non-uniformly.
and insolubility in water--properties that allow the body to clear the drug too quickly,
forming a water-soluble nanoparticle with the drug hidden in its core. These nanoparticles are highly soluble in blood
It enough a single pulse of laser, with a duration of several picoseconds the time of a single oscillation in a polar molecule, like water.
when submerged in water. The valleys in the surface roughness typically need to be less than one micron in width, the researchers found.
Understanding how the surfaces deflect water so well means the valuable feature could be reproduced in other materials on a mass scale, potentially saving billions of dollars in a variety of industries,
just like a drop of water evaporates without having to boil it. These gas pockets deflect water, keeping the surface dry,
"he said. In a study published today (Aug 18) by the journal Scientific Reports("Sustaining dry surfaces under water),
"Patankar and his co-authors explain and demonstrate the nanoscale mechanics behind the phenomenon of staying dry underwater.
and without the key surface roughness and submerged them in water. Samples with the nanoscale roughness remained dry for up to four months
In this work, we looked for properties that manipulate the water phase changes we know.""The researchers also report that nature uses the same strategy of surface roughness in certain aquatic insects, such as water bugs and water striders.
When submerged, water tends to cling to the top of the spikes, while air and water vapor accrue in the pores between them.
which can cause water to wet the surface. But the Northwestern team found the molecular key:
which are highly toxic to fish and other aquatic organisms, in water. Lead researcher Dr Zo Waller, from UEA's school of Pharmacy, said:"
#Water heals a bioplastic (w/video) A drop of water self-heals a multiphase polymer derived from the genetic code of squid ring teeth,
"What's unique about this plastic is the ability to stick itself back together with a drop of water,
but not with water.""A squid ring teeth derived plastic being cut in two and self healing with water and pressure.
Demirel and his team looked at the ring teeth of squid collected around the world--in the Mediterranean, Atlantic, near Hawaii,
To achieve this, the researchers reacted glycerol with water, to provide the element hydrogen, and a magnesium oxide (Mgo) catalyst.
and water over such a simple catalyst gave such valuable products and interesting chemistry.""This research has the potential to transform the way in
or water and therapeutic drug monitoring at home, a feature which could drastically improve the efficient of various class of drugs and treatments a
and electricity at a low cost from fuel found in water. Both heating generators and generators for electricity could be developed within a few years,
Heavy hydrogen is found in large quantities in ordinary water and is easy to extract. The dangerous handling of radioactive heavy hydrogen (tritium) which would most likely be needed for operating large-scale fusion reactors with a magnetic enclosure in the future is therefore unnecessary."
even after exposure to water. When wiped repeatedly with a towel, the new sunblock was removed entirely.
using high efficiency solar cells to power water electrolysis("A 24.4%solar to hydrogen energy conversion efficiency by combining concentrator photovoltaic modules and electrochemical cells").
A team led by Cockrell School of engineering associate professor Christopher Ellison found that a synthetic coating of polydopamine--derived from the natural compound dopamine--can be used as a highly effective, water-applied flame retardant for polyurethane foam.
The polydopamine was coated onto the interior and exterior surfaces of the polyurethane foam by simply dipping it into a water solution of dopamine for several days.
or ions in solution, are surrounded by a shell of water molecules that stick to the ion,
which require large amounts of pressure to push water through. f these were replaced with graphene,
the pressure required to push water through would be among the lowest imaginable, if not the lowest, says Wanunu,
The nanosheet layers include a water-repelling core (yellow), peptoid backbones (white), and charged sidechains (magenta and cyan).
Surrounding water molecules are red and white. The scientists discovered a design rule that enables a recently created material to exist.
they contain water pockets, and they are potentially porous when it comes to water and ions.
These insights are intriguing on their own, but when the scientists examined the structure of the nanosheetsbackbone,
like an ice cube does to water. Next, the crystal drug is placed into a fat and protein coat, similar to
The steel of today is as prone as ever to the corrosive effects of water and salt and abrasive materials such as sand.
including water, oil, highly corrosive media, biological fluids containing bacteria and blood. Not only did the material repel all the liquid
principal investigator of the Laboratory for Water and Surface Analysis. Those answers could have implications for important issues such as seeding rain clouds and protecting the environment.
called Ih or"ice one h,"is made up of water molecules in a hexagonal crystal shape in an orderly,
which checked its fire, water, wind, impact, acoustic and permeability resistance. The fire test was the most demanding. e had many concerns about it,
The water test checked the tightness of the technological units. ain water must not touch the inner side of the façade,
A Layered Manganese Oxide To Capture Sunlight for Water-Splitting Catalysis"),Assistant professor of Chemical engineering Jose L. Mendoza-Cortes details how this new material efficiently captures sunlight and then,
how the energy can be used to break down water into oxygen (O2) and hydrogen (H2). This process is known as oxidation,
when a plant uses light to break down water and carbohydrates, which are the main energy sources for the plant.
and it could turn rain water into energy with the help of the sun."But, unlike many other energy sources,
Mendoza-Cortes, a computational and theoretical chemist, said the challenge he faced was designing something that didn't rust from the process of breaking down water that also trapped the energy
Each of Jiang's half-millimeter diameter lenses resembles a series of ripples on water emanating out from the splash of a stone.
Each of Jiang's half-millimeter diameter lenses resembles a series of ripples on water emanating out from the splash of a stone.
The rapid freezing method is able to prevent the water in the tissue from forming crystals,
Water crystals can severely damage the tissue by rupturing its cells. But in this high-pressure freezing method, the water turns into a kind of glass, preserving the original structures and architecture of the tissue.
The next step is embed to the frozen tissue in resin. This requires removing the glass-water and replacing it first with acetone
which is still a liquid at the low temperatures of cryofixation, and then, over a period of days, with resin;
and gently push out the glassified water from the brain. The real brainafter the brain was embedded cryofixed
And on top of that was water, into which the scientists injected the molecules that spontaneously form the toxic aggregates. s aggregates grow on the membrane,
or for drug researchers to put the amyloid proteins in water, inject their drug, and study how the drug influences the growth of the aggregates over time
#Drought prompts 25 per cent water cut in California They have been measuring the snowpack at Phillips in the Sierra nevada mountains in California on the first day of April every year since 1941.
and declare he was imposing a 25-percent cut in water use across the state. California is running out of water.
This January was its driest since records began over a century ago, according to Jay Famiglietti of NASA's Jet propulsion laboratory in California.
which provides a third of the state's water, began in 2011. It is a record-breaker
Underground water is being pumped dry, especially in the agricultural heartlands of the Central Valley, where farmers are allowed to pump as much as they want.
which waters much of southern California, has been suffering from 14 years of low flow. Its two great reservoirs, Lake Powell and Lake Mead, are at their lowest levels
Large farms in the state have already been forced to cut water use. Water, they used to say out West, flows uphill to money.
But no longer, it seems t
#Human cruise control app steers people on their way For a few days last summer, a handful of students walked through a park behind the University of Hannover in Germany.
#Pumping CO2 into frack wells could prevent water contamination Sometimes two problems can cancel each other out.
MRI usually works by measuring water content, but with modification it can be made to measure the movement of water molecules.
This allows them to pick up on movements in tissues when they are shaken up. Shake it up
The water content of our cells doesn tend to vary much, but the mechanical properties do.
One of these involved the rats being placed in a pool of water with a hidden escape platform.
and zip through the water using jet propulsion! Plus, they're surprisingly smart. Scientists want to understand all this at the level of DNA.
and their electrons like a ship through water, producing a wake of oscillating electrons. This electron wave creates a trailing wave-shaped electric field structure on which the electrons surf and by
By way of comparison, the system can detect that one cube of sugar was dissolved in three million liters water,
roughly the amount of water contained in 1. 2 Olympic swimming pools. One cubic millimeter of this water would be enough to carry out the test.
In the Ribolution project, funded by Fraunhofer Zukunftsstiftung, the research group is currently using the SMDM for quality control in nucleic acid analytics,
When light passes through water, for example, its phase velocity is reduced as its wavelengths are squeezed together.
Once it exits the water, its phase velocity increases again as its wavelength elongates. How much the crests of a light wave slow down in a material is expressed by the index of refraction;
#Liquid Water Likely Flows On the Salty Hills of Mars It almost as if our moon turned blood red last night to herald NASA latest Red planet news. At 11:30 EDT,
new data that suggests liquid water exists on Mars even today. This could be the first time in mission history that we have definitive reason to believe there might be microbial life on our closest neighbor.
a direct detection of water in the form of hydration of salts, Dr. Mcewen said. here pretty much has to have been liquid water recently present to produce the hydrated salt.
By ecently, Dr. Mcewen said he meant ays, something of that order. In 1972, NASA Mariner 9 spacecraft discovered evidence of erosion features on Mars that implicated the presence of water at some point in the planet past.
And in 2005 the High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) aboard the European space agency Mars Express spacecraft took a photo of a water ice crater 35 meters in diameter at the Martian north pole.
But until now, scientists had not yet found any signs of liquid water on the present-day surface of Mars
. If liquid water does in fact reside there, it probably wouldn be pure H2o, since temperatures and atmospheric pressures are too low.
These salts, known as perchlorates, lower the freezing temperature of water. But where is the water coming from?
Chang quotes Mcewen: here are two basic origins for the water: from above or from below, Dr. Mcewen said.
The perchlorates could be acting like a sponge, absorbing moisture out of the air, but measurements indicate very low humidity on Mars only enough for 10 microns,
The other possibility is frozen that water underground might be seeping to the surface during the summer.
Whether or not the water would be too salty to support life is still in question o
#MIT Invention Turns Salt water Into Drinking water Using Solar power From plants to people, every living thing on this planet needs water.
Just look at the furor around California's new water restrictions. If a state as wealthy as California is having to get creative
in order to start saving water, you can bet that governments and municipalities with less money and clout are having to turn to even more inventive methods to get clean water without breaking the bank.
The idea was to create a system that could remove salt from water and meet three criteria:
The batteries then power a system that removes salt from the water through electrodialysis. On the most basic level, that means that dissolved salt particles,
are drawn out of the water when a small electrical current is applied. In addition to getting rid of salt
(which makes water unusable for crops and for drinking), the team also applied UV light to disinfect some of the water as it passed through the system.
Using the sun instead of fossil fuels to power a desalination plant isn't a totally new idea.
Larger solar desalination plants are being investigated seriously in areas where water is becoming a scarce resource,
While proponents hope to eventually could provide water to large numbers of people, the technology is still expensive (though prices are dropping)
removing salt from 2, 100 gallons of water each day. The next step is to test it in an even harsher environment,
the system could provide enough water to irrigate a small farm m
#Navy Makes Armor Clear As Clay It a transparent armor so good it might turn the phrase lass cannonon its head.
Hundreds of thousands of people need food, water, shelter, or some combination of the three, not to mention the numerous people who desperately need medical care.
because there's only water in every couple of villages, or you're mapping pharmacies because people need malaria meds. You feel like you've spent time in these places after spending hours digitizing aerial imagery.
The concept uses a sensor to detect an explosion in water or air--say, an IED on the side of the road--then estimates the time and location of the explosion.
Next, the signal from the sensor triggers a laser (or a blast of electricity or microwave energy) that heats up a section of air or water
#Super-Strong Material Inspired By Squid Teeth Is Self-Healing A team of researchers led by engineers from Penn State university has created the first material that heals itself in the presence of water, according to a study published yesterday in Scientific Reports.
could be used to repair devices in water-filled environments that are difficult to access, such as the human body,
and can change phase from liquid to solid in the presence of water. After testing ring teeth samples from several species of squid found all over the world
then put the two pieces back together with a drop of water. They found that the material healed best at 113 degrees Fahrenheit
Veikko Sariola et al, Scientific Reports, 2015 A team of researchers led by engineers from Penn State university has created the first material that heals itself in the presence of water, according to a study published yesterday in Scientific Reports.
could be used to repair devices in water-filled environments that are difficult to access, such as the human body,
and can change phase from liquid to solid in the presence of water. After testing ring teeth samples from several species of squid found all over the world,
then put the two pieces back together with a drop of water. They found that the material healed best at 113 degrees Fahrenheit, a little warmer than the temperature of the human body,
Material that heals itself in the presence of water could extend the usability of biomedical implants
whether the constant presence of water degrades the plastic ability to heal itself. The researchers next plan to study how their technology could help heal wounds n
And while these molecules aren harmful in water, they smell earthy and musty, respectively, which can make water taste just gross enough to be off-putting.
Water quality experts have to test water samples in a lab to determine whether these molecules are in drinking water, a process that is expensive and time-consuming.
In tests, the researchers found that their device could detect GSM and MIB concentrations as low as 10 nanograms per liter of water,
But the researchers think their device could be used to detect many other contaminants in water or air.
#Sierra nevada Snowpack Is At Its Lowest Level In 500 Years With record-setting temperatures and the first ever mandatory statewide water restriction,
As of April 1st, 2015, the snowpack in the Sierra nevada mountains--which provides 30 percent of the state spring and summer water--is at its lowest level in 500 years.
The snowpack that builds up in the Sierra nevadas in the winter later provides much-needed water for both humans and ecosystems during the drier summer months.
when scientists measured the volume of water in the snowpack, it was 95 percent lower than the historical average--coinciding with the hottest January-March period in California's recorded history.
it a further blow to the state to find its primary natural water storage system in critical condition.
Along with setting sweeping water restrictions, the state is helping its citizens by providing various tips
and tactics on how to cut their water use and stretch their resources. The drought in California is not just a state issue
Vinduino As California fourth straight year of drought forces farmers to cut back on water use,
And while the Internet of things has brought a number of water-conscious smart irrigation products into the agricultural market,
Vinduino is Reinier van der Lee open-source solution to the challenge of cutting back on water use by 25 percent a voluntary measure that, for Van der Lee Vineyard
water pressure sensors and data loggers for controlling and monitoring the vineyard irrigation system. In prototype stage is networked a,
Vinduino uses three sensors at different depths to get a better handle on the way water moves through the soil at each measurement point.
directly in water kept nutrient-rich by fish. Using the technique, the farm yields both fishes and plants for harvest.
A major advantage of vertical farming is the sips of water it needs. Farmedhere for example, uses just 3 percent of water traditional farming methods might use.
Because the farms are enclosed, pesticides are unnecessary while the LED LIGHTS make sure there is enough unlightall-year round.
There, it is mixed with water to create steam that turns energy-generating turbines. The HTF is made up of a synthetic thermal oil solution that is pumped towards a heat tank containing molten sands that can store heat energy for three hours
This could one day include water desalination, in a country that is increasingly being hit by drought as the climate warms.
#Organic framework serves as catalyst for the photocatalytic conversion of water into hydrogen Humanity's need for energy is ever-increasing.
In contrast, water and sunlight are available in vast abundance. Scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research in Stuttgart and from LMU Munich have created now a material that uses light to produce the versatile energy source hydrogen from water.
This polymeric photocatalyst is chemically stable. Moreover, the rate of hydrogen production can be tuned fine by means of small structural modifications of the catalyst.
Finding a photocatalyst capable of splitting water is not an easy task. What is needed is a substance that directly uses the energy of sunlight to split the hydrogen-oxygen bonds in water.
In laboratories, this has been achieved with certain substances; however, the yield is often low and everyday industrial use is still a long way off.
which are transferred to the protons in the water moleculend thereby create elementary hydrogen. The COFS created in Stuttgart meet all the prerequisites.
From the lab bench to practical applications Despite the early success, these materials are still far from being considered for industrial hydrogen generation using water and sunlight.
water and a simple carbon-based material. Hydrogen obtained in such an environmentally friendly way could be used in many different applications.
The compound is repelled by water at neutral ph, which allows it to easily diffuse through cellular and nuclear membranes,
and augmented with cobalt atoms has proven to be an effective, durable catalyst for the production of hydrogen from water, according to scientists at Rice Univ. The Rice lab of chemist James Tour and colleagues at the Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Catalysts can split water into its constituent hydrogen and oxygen atoms, a process required for fuel cells.
the amount of electricity it needs to begin separating water into hydrogen and oxygen. The new catalyst is mixed as a solution
or basic water. his is an extremely high-performance material, Tour said. He noted platinum-carbon catalysts still boast the lowest onset voltage. o question, theye the best.
like an ice cube does to water. Next, the crystal drug is placed into a fat and protein coat, similar to
"It is something like changing water from liquid to ice; except the two phases we saw were very different from one another."
Platinum is an extremely efficient catalyst for splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen but its high-cost and scarcity limit its widespread use for hydrogen production and in hydrogen fuel cells.
With the addition of water and the use of lithium iodide as a'mediator',their battery showed far less of the chemical reactions
inexpensive fuel from water An inexpensive method for generating clean fuel is the modern-day equivalent of the philosopher's stone.
One compelling idea is to use solar energy to split water into its constituent hydrogen and oxygen and then harvest the hydrogen for use as fuel.
But splitting water efficiently turns out to be not so easy. Now two scientists at the Univ. of Chicago's Institute for Molecular Engineering (IME) and the Univ. of Wisconsin have made an important contribution to the effort,
and offering new conceptual tools that can be applied more broadly in the quest to split water with sunlight.
which an electrode used for splitting water absorbs solar photons while at the same time improving the flow of electrons from one electrode to another.
where they will be available for the water-splitting reaction. Equally important, but a separate problem entirely, the electrons need to move easily from the electrode to a counter-electrode,
Finally, that nitrogen lowered the energy needed to kick electrons into the state in which they were available to split water.
The center fosters scientific collaborations aimed at coming up with a device to split water."
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