#Deep-sea fish found to be warm-blooded Calling someone a cold fish may not hold any more after scientists today revealed a deep-sea fish that is warm-blooded.
#Predicting Which Combinations Will Yield Metallic Glass Materials scientists have created an nstruction manualfor developing metallic glassn ultra-tough yet flexible alloy described as the most significant materials science innovation since plastic.
Just like something from science fictionhink of the Liquid-Metal robot assassin in the Terminator filmshese materials behave more like glass or plastic than metal.
While still being metals, they become as malleable as chewing gum when heated and can be molded easily
They are also three times stronger and harder than ordinary metals on average, and are among the toughest materials known. hey have been described as the most significant development in materials science
since the discovery of plastics more than 50 years ago, says study author, Dr. Kevin Laws from the University of New south wales (UNSW).
Most metals are crystalline when solid, with their atoms arranged in a highly organised and regular manner.
Metallic glass alloys, however, have disordered a highly structure, with the atoms arranged in a non-regular way. here are many types of metallic glass, with the most popular ones based on zirconium, palladium, magnesium, titanium or copper.
But until now, discovering alloy compositions that form these materials has required a lengthy process of trial and error in the laboratory,
They have used their model to successfully predict more than 200 new metallic glass alloys based on magnesium, silver, copper,
says Laws. etallic glass alloys are expensive to manufacture and to date have only been used in niche products,
which includes a photovoltaic cell using a high-quality semiconductor crystal similar to the ones for lasers
The discovery, published online today in Nature Nanotechnology, details how Dr. Zheng and his research team created a new type of microbubble using a compound called porphyrin-a naturally occurring pigment in nature that harvests light.
***a polymer network that can absorb water and expand significantly; the amount of expansion depends on the chemical properties of the gel and the environment around it.
***Hydrogels are linked cross networks of polymers that can absorb various amounts of water depending on their chemical composition and structure.
or by introducing coloured pigments into the luminous layer, says physicist de Oliveira. At the same time the developers want to alter the materials in such a way that the light sheets can be used even at a lower mains voltage.
and demand of rare-earth metals. he research group focused on three or four different catalytic reactions used in high production volume chemicals,
But rare-earth metals like cerium, which is as abundant as copper, are primary products of mining for other, more valuable rare-earth elements.
and reduce reliance on rare-earth metals and other materials critical to the success of clean energy technologies.
This capability supports"materials by design,"a concept that enables the development of unique new materials for function-specific applicability, such as lighter, stronger fiber composites for airplane wings;
foams, metal alloys, and single microcrystals. A team led by Brian M. Patterson uses the stage to better understand damage initiation
Photo by Anurag Mathur, Healy Lab) Instead, the research team led by bioengineering professor Kevin Healy is presenting a network of pulsating cardiac muscle cells housed in an inch-long silicone device that effectively models human heart tissue,
"Using a technique called X-ray crystallography, the researchers were able to determine the shape and molecular components of the Nano-85/P domain complex,
#Touch-Sensitive Flexible Silicone Stickers Worn on the Skin Can Help Control Mobile devices Someone wearing a smartwatch can look at a calendar
They have developed touch-sensitive stickers made from flexible silicone and electrically conducting sensors that can be worn on the skin.
The silicone used to fabricate the sensor patches makes them flexible and stretchable.''This makes them easier to use in an everyday environment.
Lithium metal, for example, can store about 10 times as much energy per gram, but is extremely dangerous,
as Made In Space was able to 3d print a number of specimens from aerospace-grade plastics that will now be analyzed in terms of their mechanical properties,
and nanoparticles to naturally occurring plant cells, biological polymers and tissues. The first application in which this microscope was deployed in the DOE Bioenergy Science Center was for analyzing plant cell walls,
If particles can be organized into sufficiently large crystals, their structure can be determined through crystallography, which involves shooting x-rays through a crystal.
But, many important structures are too floppy to succumb to crystallization and may have a different structure in solution compared to
what is determined from crystallography. As an alternative and complementary technique, structural biologists often gather diffraction patterns from particles in solution.
However, in these so called small-and wide-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) experiments particles can rotate during imaging,
and chemically grafted nanomembranes loaded with iron oxide nanoparticles, in the Journal of Applied Polymer Science, July 14.
Frey and her colleagues are replacing that cost by making the devices with nanofibers from plastics,
the pesticide and polylactic acid a polymer derived from corn. The materials are derived biodegradable and from renewable resources. he chemical is protected,
"Using Crystals, Robotics and X-rays to Advance Neuroscience To study the joined protein structure, researchers in Brunger's laboratory at the Stanford School of medicine found a way to grow crystals of the complex.
They used a robotic system developed at SSRL to study the crystals at SLAC's LCLS, an X-ray laser that is one of the brightest sources of X-rays on the planet.
SSRL and LCLS are DOE Office of Science User Facilities. The researchers combined and analyzed hundreds of X-ray images from about 150 protein crystals to reveal the atomic-scale details of the joined structure.
SSRL's Aina Cohen who oversaw the development of the highly automated platform used for the neuroscience experiment,
But perhaps most importantly, EPGL has invented solutions that will enable microelectronics to be placed into modern Silicone Hydrogel contact lenses for mass market production,
2015 that it has solved for the critical Silicone Hydrogel mass market production challenges as EPGL has."
such as whether it exists as a monomer, or combined with another copy into a dimer,
Using the Drndic group silicon nitride nanopores which can be drilled to custom diameters, the research team set out to test their technique on GCN4-p1,
The monomer version is unzipped and is likely not helical; it probably more like a string.
and monomer form of the protein block a different number of ions, so we see a different drop in current
including for the first time, inorganic materials with a high propensity towards crystallization, such as table salt. These unstructured, inorganic nanoparticles have different electronic, magnetic and optical properties from their crystalized counterparts,
delaying the formation of crystals. These factors prevent crystallization in nanoparticles, even in materials that are highly prone to crystallization, such as table salt.
The amorphous nanoparticles are exceptionally stable against crystallization lasting at least seven months at room temperature. The next step, Amstad said,
this templated polymerization approach paves the way for the design of novel one-dimensional nanomaterials. Nanosized materials such as nanowires offer unique properties that are completely distinct from those of the bulk materials.
Hisanori Shinohara from Nagoya University in Japan and his colleagues have developed a method that uses carbon nanotubes as a reaction vessel for the templated polymerization of linear-chain nanomaterials.
The idea was that during polymerization, the small precursor molecules would naturally adopt the one-dimensional structure of the tubes
so that the polymerization could terminate or become uncontrolled. By using this method, Shinohara and his colleagues were able to synthesize a one-dimensional nanodiamond polymeric structure by a relatively simple annealing technique.
"The present template-based approach for the synthesis of linear-chain diamondoid polymers is entirely different from conventional chemical approaches."
as a precursor molecule and building block for polymerization. This molecule was brominated at either side so that, upon addition of iron nanoparticles,
In a normal chemical polymerization reaction, the formed radicals would abstract hydrogen for termination reactions, but:"
either be transformed into the linear-chain polymers or into amorphous carbon.""As a result, the structures formed in the 1-nm-sized tubes were a polymeric chain of nanodiamondoids,
the formed carbon nanotubes filled with the nanodiamondoid polymer look like macaroni filled with spaghetti. In order to extract the inner polymer,
a solution-phase sonication/extraction can be applied, the group reports. The big advantage of the new method is the simplicity and specificity of the formation of the one-dimensional nanostructured polymer chain.
This technique will certainly attract the attention of materials scientists s
#Researchers Demonstrate Breakthrough Method for Getting Nanoparticles to Self-Assemble The medium is the message.
and humans. anoporous gold can be imagined as a porous metal sponge with pore sizes that are a thousand times smaller than the diameter of a human hair,
and humans. anoporous gold can be imagined as a porous metal sponge with pore sizes that are a thousand times smaller than the diameter of a human hair,
Enclosed within the platelet membranes are made nanoparticle cores of a biodegradable polymer that can be metabolized safely by the body.
The nanoparticles can be packed with many small drug molecules that diffuse out of the polymer core and through the platelet membrane onto their targets.
#Coated Silica Nanoparticles Could be used for Restorative Treatment of Sensitive Teeth Researchers at the University of Birmingham have shown how the development of coated silica nanoparticles could be used in restorative treatment of sensitive teeth
The study, published in the Journal of Dentistry, shows how sub-micron silica particles can be prepared to deliver important compounds into damaged teeth through tubules in the dentine.
When your outer enamel is breached, the exposure of these tubules is really noticeable. If you drink something cold,
"The aim of restorative agents is to increase the mineral content of both the enamel and dentine,
However, the Birmingham team turned to sub-micron silica particles that had been prepared with a surface coating to reduce the chance of aggregation.
"These silica particles are available in a range of sizes, from nanometre to sub-micron,
Polymer molecules are being employed for these nano-dispenser systems because scientists can change their size,
Both synthetic and natural polymers play an essential role in most people lives every day ranging from familiar synthetic plastics,
such as disposable cutlery, to natural biopolymers like DNA and proteins-fundamental to human life. Using insecticides is one of the few ways farmers currently have to treat their groves for greening, also known as Huanglongbing or HLB.
a family member of complex oxide materials with distinctive cubic crystal structures. Perovskites have long been recognized for a variety of useful physical properties,
But crystals aren formed always perfectly. If one out of each 100 strontium ions is missing from the cube-shaped strontium titanate crystal,
it can create polarized nano-sized regions within the crystal. Ordinarily, the material bulk serves to isolate such polar nanoregions in an insulating matrix.
Physicists at the University of Wisconsin, however fabricated epitaxial films of strontium titanate, spread across a substrate of the same material, no thicker than the size of these polar nanoregions.
The work, published Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, pairs gold nanomesh with a stretchable substrate made with polydimethylsiloxane
and fatigue has been a deadly disease for metals, "the researchers wrote.""We weaken the constraint of the substrate by making the interface between the Au (gold) nanomesh and PDMS slippery,
For more than 100 years, researchers have inferred how atoms are arranged in three-dimensional space using a technique called X-ray crystallography,
which involves measuring how light waves scatter off of a crystal. However, X-ray crystallography only yields information about the average positions of many billions of atoms in the crystal
and not about individual atomsprecise coordinates. t like taking an average of people On earth, Miao said. ost people have a head, two eyes, a nose and two ears.
Because X-ray crystallography doesn reveal the structure of a material on a per-atom basis,
It is made of a silicon-based polymer, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and has microvalves and fluidic channels to transport the sample between nodes for various sample preparation steps.
using x-ray crystallography and other standard techniques in structural biology to unlock its transport secrets. The Lithgow lab, working with colleagues from Nagoya, Kyoto and Tokyo, ramped up scale of the technology making literally hundreds of re-coded TOM 40 complexes, each one with a novel additional 21st amino acid.
So the ideal structure uses the antenna as one of the metals in the diode
#Quantity, Dimensions of Carbon black Nanoparticles Crucial for Lithium-Ion Battery Function A Stanford undergraduate has contributed to a discovery that confounds the conventional wisdom in lithium-ion battery design,
While lithium-ion batteries needed a substance called carbon black in order to function, the precise amount of that material had not been considered crucial to overall performance."
or lithium cobalt oxide, mixed together with carbon black, an inert material obtained by the incomplete combustion of certain petroleum products.
Prior to the team's research, the quantity and dimensions of the carbon black nanoparticles weren't considered particularly crucial to a battery's function."
Ultimately, the rate at which a cathode particle charges depends on how well it is connected to carbon black particles,
"Li said that by upping the percentage of carbon black as high as 20 percent in some experiments they found that the cathode particles charged more quickly
Increasing the percentage of carbon black decreased the amount of cathode particles available to hold a charge.
So although a battery with a higher carbon black content might charge faster, it would also have less energy
Li and Meyer worked with their teammates to fabricate hundreds of batteries with different concentrations of carbon black.
what ratio of carbon black to lithium iron phosphate to polymer binder to use; what order to add them in;
This acid is a crystalline solid at room temperature with a structure made up of antimony phosphorous, oxygen and hydrogen atoms. t long been known to scientists that this material is able to take up water
Free radicals are produced during the fire cycle as a polymer degrades, and their removal is critical to stopping the fire from continuing to spread.
which blocks fire's access to its fuel source--the polymer. The synergistic combination of both these processes makes polydopamine an attractive and powerful flame retardant.
In a PFM, the spring arm is replaced by a small plastic sphere that sits at the center of a so-called optical trap and runs along the surface.
#Miniature Plastic Digital Fluorescence Microscope for use in Rural areas For a project funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Grand Challenges in Global Health Initiative,
a research team from Rice university has developed a plastic, miniature digital fluorescence microscope that can be used in rural areas to quantify white blood cell levels in patients.
which consists of one polystyrene lens and two polymethyl methacrylate aspheric lenses. The lenses were enclosed then in an all-plastic, 3-D-printed microscope housing and objective.
The use of low-cost components such as LEDS, reflectors and USB detectors, combined with the all-plastic housing and lenses, will allow future versions of the prototype to be mass-produced h
which differentiates it from conventional metals. This enables fabrication of smaller RRAM cells that have the capacity to store more data than conventional metal-based conductors.
The other two study papers were published in Nano Letters and Applied Physics Letters. In these studies, the teams led by Pop
Phase-change memory involves an alloy of germanium antimony and tellurium. Applying a small jolt of electricity to the alloy results in a change in its structure.
The first jolt induces the atoms to form a normal, crystalline structure that facilitates a flow of electrons.
bacteria could be reprogrammed to convert readily available sources of natural energy into pharmaceuticals, plastics and fuel products."
but also respond to valuable products such as renewable plastics or costly pharmaceuticals and give microbes a voice to report on their own efficiency in making these products."
which recur repeatedly to form objects such as snowflakes, ferns and cauliflowers, making their structure appear more complex than it often actually is.
The prototype consists of copper wires insulated with PVC tubes. On one end, the copper wires are hooked up to an external analyzer and on the other end,
printers are adapted to produce pharmaceutical compounds rather than polymers which are used more usually. Such methods are already proving very useful in healthcare with doctors using the system to create customised implants for patients with injuries or other conditions.
"We can now study the atomic details of microtubule polymerization and depolymerization to develop a complete description of microtubule dynamics,
But the nanoclews are coated with a positively charged polymer that breaks down the endosome, setting the nanoclew free inside the cell.
while they were initially designing photosensitive polymers for drug delivery applications. Once they came up with a polymer that responded to UV light,
they realized that this did not permeate well through skin and could cause damage to healthy cells. e
How it works The nanoparticles are prepared from molecules (synthetic macromolecules commonly called plastics) that have a protective,
hydrophilic (water-loving) shell and a hydrophobic (water-fearing) spherical core. he polymers are synthetized to ensure that
polymers are released into the water. While the polymer released (polyethylene glycol) is recognized as safe and used in various food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics products,
it would be ideal if no material was released or if it could be used by parts of the ecosystem to further minimize environmental impact.
and is well below limits for metals put in place by the Environmental protection agency and World health organization. Dankovich nonprofit company page Drinking Paper, works together with the nonprofit WATERISLIFE
To circumvent this problem the team developed a simple method to densely coat the nanoparticles with a nonsticky polymer called PEG,
As a next step, Bertrand said it would be interesting to design a system where no polymer is released,
The researchers used a combination of X-ray crystallography techniques and in-vitro analysis to study the bacteria.
Jost performed crystallography to establish the shapes of the structures, while the Spanish researchers, Drennan notes, id all of the control experiments to show that we were really thinking about this right,
which incorporates nanoparticles into polymers through a technique called electrospinning, was developed by a team from the University of North Texas System College of Pharmacy,
"Van der Merwe was assisted by Prof Frank Graewe, head of the Division of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery at SU FMHS, Prof Rafique Moosa, head of the FMHS Department of Medicine, transplant
For example, after the implantation of an artificial ureter, urease crystals often start to grow inside
The sensor housing, made of a biocompatible plastic, is small enough to fit into the tip of a biopsy needle.
#Powerful Plastic Microscope Brings Better Diagnostic Care for World's Rural Poor, Rice university Reveals You can learn a lot about the state of someone's immune system just by examining their blood under the microscope.
a research team from Rice university has developed recently a plastic, miniature digital fluorescence microscope that can quantify white blood cell levels in patients located in rural parts of the world that are removed far from the modern laboratory."
which consisted of one polystyrene lens and two polymethyl methacrylate aspheric lenses, the researchers used a single-point diamond turning lathe.
reflectors, and USB detectors, combined with the all-plastic housing and lenses will allow for future versions of the prototype to be mass-produced
A spokesperson for Imperial Metals was unavailable for comment. Karina Brino president of the Mining Association of British columbia, said her industry knew the investigation into the dam's collapse would inevitably mean regulatory
At another TCL plant in Hefei, near Shanghai, steel refrigerator frames are bent into shape before being plucked by a blue Yasakawa robot arm that stacks them in neat rows for further assembly.
Scientists Enlist E coli To Make Planet-Saving Plastic Out Of Practically Nothing The Intertubes have buzzing with news of a new way to make plastic without using petroleum or petrochemicals.
Based on artificial photosynthesis, the process uses sunlight and carbon dioxide to make the building blocks for renewable plastics as well as fuels, paints,
and the biodegradable plastic PHB. Moving forward the team will try to figure out how to combine the two bacteria into one integrated step.
In response to this problem the engineers developed a visibly transparent overlay more technically a silica photonic crystal overlay that increases solar cell efficiency by radiating the heat of cells away from them much like how we naturally radiate heat from our bodies to prevent overheating.
The overlay itself was made from patterned silica, fashioned into a thin, transparent material. This design means that the overlay can be laid on top of an unaltered solar cell this is important
The critical feature of the silica overlay is found in its micron-scale pattern, which is designed to maximise the radiating of heat, in the form of infrared light, out and away from the cell into space.
amples from left to right are the solar absorber structure with the planar silica layer on top, the absorber structure with verlayon top,
In this regard they point toward employing nanoprint lithography a common technique for producing nanometer scale patterns in larger quantities to produce silica overlays.
The micromotors have an outer polymer surface that holds the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, which speeds up the reaction between carbon dioxide and water to form bicarbonate.
#The metal that could lead to'indestructable'warships and ultralight cars Researchers have demonstrated a new type of metal
The radical new material, called a metal matrix composite, was developed with the US ARMY. A boat made of such lightweight composites will not sink
despite damage to its structure. The new material also promises to improve automotive fuel economy because it combines light weight with heat resistancealthough syntactic foams have been around for many years,
this is the first development of a lightweight metal matrix syntactic foam.''This new development of very light metal matrix composites can swing the pendulum back in favor of metallic materials,
'said Nikhil Gupta, an NYU School of engineering professor in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace engineering and the study's co-author.
It was created by Deep Springs Technology and the New york University Polytechnic School of engineering.''The ability of metals to withstand higher temperatures can be a huge advantage for these composites in engine and exhaust components, quite apart from structural parts.'
'The magnesium alloy matrix composite is reinforced with silicon carbide hollow particles and has a density of only 0. 92 grams per cubic centimeter compared to 1. 0 g/cc of water.
Not only does it have a density lower than that of water, it is strong enough to withstand the rigorous conditions faced in the marine environment.
Significant efforts in recent years have focused on developing lightweight polymer matrix composites to replace heavier metal-based components in automobiles and marine vessels.
The technology for the new composite is very close to maturation and could be put into prototypes for testing within three years.
and high buoyancy offered by the new syntactic foams, the researchers explained. The syntactic foam made by DST
and NYU captures the lightness of foams, but adds substantial strength. The secret of this syntactic foam starts with a matrix made of a magnesium alloy,
which is turned then into foam by adding strong, lightweight silicon carbide hollow spheres developed and manufactured by DST.
A single sphere's shell can withstand pressure of over 25,000 pounds per square inch (PSI) before it rupturesne hundred times the maximum pressure in a fire hose.
The hollow particles also offer impact protection to the syntactic foam because each shell acts like an energy absorber during its fracture.
The composite can be customized for density and other properties by adding more or fewer shells into the metal matrix to fit the requirements of the application.
This concept can also be used with other magnesium alloys that are nonflammable. The new composite has potential applications in boat flooring, automobile parts,
and buoyancy modules as well as vehicle armour. h
#The material with the MIDAS touch: New supercooled liquid instantly glows gold when it's touched By Jonathan O'Callaghan for Mailonline Published:
a video captures the moment the material becomes extremely bright after being rubbed by a crystal.
When rubbed by another crystal it suddenly begins to crystallise (shown. Credit: American Chemical Societythe research, reported by the American Chemical Society, was carried out by Kyeongwoon Chung and Dr Jinsang Kim from the University of Michigan.
to scrawl messages such as hear-triggered crystal. he researchers said the molecule may be useful in biosensors,
Water penetrates the steel in the concrete which starts to rust and becomes brittle. Using a type of bacteria that is typically found near active volcanoes,
Metals like lithium can store 10 times as much energy but are unstable and can often catch fire or short circuit.
The bullet's energy is transferred simultaneously to the alloy ball, propelling it towards the target.'
In 2014, physicists at the University of Geneva teleported the quantum state of a photon to a crystal over 15 miles (25km) of optical fibre.
Now a team of geologists have developed a new'geospeedometer'that they argue can help resolve this controversy by providing direct measurements of how long the most explosive types of magma existed as melt-rich bodies of crystal-poor magma before they erupted.
The researchers'geospeedometer is sized based on millimeter quartz crystals that grew within the magma bodies that produced these giant eruptions.
Quartz crystals are typically found in magmas that have a high percentage of silica. This type of magma is very viscous
When the crystals form they often capture small blobs of molten magma known as blebs or melt inclusions.
While the crystal is floating in hot magma, diffusion causes them to gradually acquire the polygonal shape of the crystal void that they occupy.
to calculate how long the crystal existed in the magma before the eruption, 'said Pamukcu. In addition, the researchers compared the results obtained with faceting with results obtained using other techniques.
In quartz, the element titanium can vary sharply between different zones or layers within the crystal.
so the shallower the slope of titanium concentrations across these boundaries today, the longer the crystal spent in magmatic conditions.
so the researchers could use these measurements to provide an independent estimate of how long a crystal spent floating around in the melt.
as long as they erupt magmas that contain quartz crystals, 'said Pamukcu.''We are also confident that we can adapt these techniques to work with other minerals,
like the low-silica basalts commonly erupted from Hawaiian volcanoes.''VOLCANO'S GLOBAL DEVASTATION A volcanic eruption of a similar size to Laki eruption that hit Iceland in 1783 could have global impacts according to the new report.
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