the highest strengths ever measured in that crystal structure of metal so theye going to be attractive to use in all sorts of devices
Semiconductors, usually a solid chemical element or compound arranged into crystals, are used widely for computer chips or for light generation in telecommunication systems.
Liu said. e have not been able to grow different semiconductor crystals together in high enough quality,
High quality crystals can be grown even with large mismatch of different lattice constants. Recognizing this unique possibility early on,
and N-type Organic semiconductor Crystals Using the Plating Method March 15th, 2015advantest to Exhibit at SEMICON China in Shanghai, China, March 17-19:
which are tiny crystals of a semiconductor material that can emit single photons of light.
and N-type Organic semiconductor Crystals Using the Plating Method Tanaka Holdings, Co.,Ltd. Head office: Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo;
which is achieved by applying a silver catalyst solution for plating that includes silver nanoparticles to an organic semiconductor crystal, after
In order to stably form electrodes for organic semiconductor crystals, EEJA developed new gold nanoparticles as an electroless plating catalyst.
*1 p-type organic semiconductors and n-type organic semiconductors Organic compounds crystalized with uniform crystal orientation acquire the characteristics of a semiconductor.
However, because the electrodes are formed after forming the organic semiconductor crystal, the organic semiconductor is damaged easily, and contact electrodes are difficult to form.*
and encouraged the formation of epitaxial Bi2pt2o7 crystals about 100 nanometers in length.""Our results provide the only currently-known method to form epitaxial Bi2pt2o7,
The article,"Epitaxial crystals of Bi2pt2o7 pyrochlore through the transformation of? -Bi2o3 fluorite,"is authored by Araceli Gutierrez-Llorente, Howie Joress, Arthur Woll, Megan E. Holtz, Matthew J. Ward, Matthew C. Sullivan, David A. Muller
"Using a technique called X-ray crystallography, the researchers were able to determine the shape and molecular components of the Nano-85/P domain complex,
A number of crystals produce this effect, called frequency doubling or harmonic generation, to various degrees.
The strongest frequency doubler previously known is the synthetic crystal beta barium borate, but the nano-spirals produce four times more blue light per unit volume.
The fascinating part is the structure of the single belt-like nanostructures delivered by this synthesis on the basis of tin oxide crystal structure.
Infrared light can also launch polaritons within a different type of two-dimensional crystal called hexagonal boron nitride.
Waves of atomic motion called phonon polaritons propagate throughout slabs of hbn formed by stacks of the sheetlike crystals.
In this research, printing graphite electrode modified with silica and gold nanoparticles was used as an appropriate bed for the production of biosensors to detect four-strand structure of DNA
Winner of the 2015 Lindros Award for translational medicine, Kjeld Janssen is pushing the boundaries of the emerging lab-on-a-chip technology The postage stamp-sized square of fused silica Kjeld Janssen is holding
#Crystal structure and magnetism--new insight into the fundamentals of solid state physics: HZB team decodes relationship between magnetic interactions and the distortions in crystal structure within a geometrically'frustrated'spinel system Abstract:
A team at HZB has carried out the first detailed study of how magnetic and geometric ordering mutually influence one another in crystalline samples of spinel.
To achieve this, the group synthesized a series of mixed crystals with the chemical formula Ni1-xcuxcr2o4 in
They discovered through neutron scattering experiments at BER II not only how the crystal structure changes, but also uncovered new magnetic phases.
The embedded metal ions in the Ni1-xcuxcr2o4 spinel system cause a distortion of the crystal structure.
The exciting thing about this series of mixed crystals is that nickel or copper atoms sit at
what are referred to as tetragonal sites of the crystal structure. Due to their different configurations of electrons, these tetrahedra become elongated along the crystallographic c-axis for nickel,
The distortion of the crystal structure can thus be controlled, which in turn has an effect on the magnetic ordering.
Manfred Reehuis and Michael Tovar were successful in determining the structural and magnetic properties for each of the mixed crystal specimens over quite a wide temperature range,
This shows that the crystal structure is cubic (three right angles three equal edges) at high temperatures, since the kinetic energy of the atoms still suppresses the Jahn-Teller effect
and thereby prove there is a relationship between the conditions for magnetic ordering and the crystal structures.
especially when they are in a geometrical system like a crystal, rather than in isolation",says Michael Tovar v
Caltech researchers adopted a novel technique, ultrafast electron crystallography (UEC), to visualize directly in four dimensions the changing atomic configurations of the materials undergoing the phase changes.
"To study this, the researchers used their technique, ultrafast electron crystallography. The technique, a new development--different from Zewail's Nobel prize-winning work in femtochemistry, the visual study of chemical processes occurring at femtosecond scales--allowed researchers to observe directly the transitioning atomic configuration of a prototypical phase-change
and phononic crystals to create"Dirac cones, "but required large physical dimensions, complex geometric structures,
The new material is composed of a silica sol-gel thin film containing polar groups linked to the silicon atoms and a nanoscale self-assembled monolayer of an octylphosphonic acid,
"Our silica sol-gel is a hybrid material because it has polar organic groups attached to the silica framework that gives the sol-gel a high dielectric constant,
and in our bilayer dielectric, the n-octylphosphonic acid groups are inserted between the sol-gel layer
semiconducting crystals made out of zinc and selenium. The paper glowed at room temperature and could be rolled
and a dielectric layer of silica or alumina. The dielectric separates the mirror with tiny metal nanoparticles randomly spaced at the top of the substrate.
and a dielectric layer of silica or alumina. The dielectric separates the mirror with tiny metal nanoparticles randomly spaced at the top of the substrate."
Here, the researchers discovered that the surface electrons of silver crystals can maintain the excitonic state more than 100 times longer than for the bulk metal,
which excite coherent three-photon photoemission at a single crystal silver surface. The interferogram is taken from a movie of photoelectron energy vs. momentum with one frame corresponding to a 50-attosecond delay.
The crystal was found to expand uniformly following the excitation and to reach the melting point about 50 ps later("Imaging transient melting of a nanocrystal using an X-ray laser").
A number of crystals produce this effect, called frequency doubling or harmonic generation, to various degrees.
The strongest frequency doubler previously known is the synthetic crystal beta barium borate, but the nano-spirals produce four times more blue light per unit volume.
It also has a number of unusual properties owing to the relationship between some of its energy states and its crystal structure.
Although some successful examples of the incorporation of these complexes into micro/nanoparticles and liquids crystals have been reported during the last years,
"the group said it had employed ultrafast femtosecond lasers to produce a three-dimensional single crystal capable of guiding light waves through glass with little loss of light.
Crystals, with their highly ordered specific lattice structure, have the requisite optical qualities.""Amorphous waveguides fundamentally lack second-order optical nonlinearity due to their isotropically disordered atomic structure,
"The ability to pattern nonlinear optical crystals in glass is therefore essential for 3d laser-fabrication of PICS to achieve its full potential."
"To pattern crystals in glass, the Lehigh-led group employed femtosecond lasers, whose speed and precision make them useful for cataract and other eye surgeries.
Scientists have been attempting for years to make crystals in glass in order to prevent light from being scattered as light signals are transmitted,
The task is complicated by the"mutually exclusive"nature of the properties of crystal and glass. Glass turns to crystal when it is heated
says Jain, but it is critical to control the transition.""The question is, how long will this process take
and will we get one crystal or many. We want a single crystal; light cannot travel through multiple crystals.
And we need the crystal to be in the right shape and form.""After conducting experiments at Lehigh and at Kyoto University and Polytechnique Montreal,
the group built a single crystal in glass, demonstrated its waveguiding capabilities and quantified its transmission efficiency.
The glass and crystal both were composed of lanthanum borogermanate (Labgeo5), a ferroelectric material.""We achieved quality,
"says Dierolf,"by guiding light from one end of the crystal to the other with very little loss of light."
"We have made the equivalent of a wire to guide the light. With our crystal, it is possible to do this in 3d
so that the wire--the light--can curve and bend as it is transmitted. This gives us the potential of putting different components on different layers of glass."
"The fact that the demonstration was achieved using ferroelectric materials is another plus, says Dierolf.""Ferroelectric crystals have demonstrated an electrical-optical effect that can be exploited for switching
and for steering light from one place to another as a supermarket scanner does. Ferroelectric crystals can also transform light from one frequency to another.
This makes it possible to send light through different channels.""""Other groups have made crystal in glass
but were not able to demonstrate quality, "says Jain.""With the quality of our crystal, we have crossed the threshold for the idea to be useful.
As a result, we are now exploring the development of novel devices for optical communication in collaboration with a major company."
or almost melt, until it is transformed into a crystal.""The unique focus of the femtosecond laser also makes it possible to"write"the crystal inside the glass and not on its surface."
and Yeon Sik Jung of the Department of Materials science and engineering at KAIST has developed the first flexible PRAM enabled by self-assembled block copolymer (BCP) silica nanostructures with an ultralow current operation (below one quarter
BCP silica nanostructures successfully lowered the contact area by localizing the volume change of phase-change materials
"Low-power nonvolatile PRAM for flexible and wearable memories enabled by (a) self-assembled BCP silica nanostructures and (b) self-structured conductive filament nanoheater.
"Carbon atoms in graphene sheets are arranged in a regularly repeating honeycomb-like latticea two-dimensional crystal. Like other crystals,
when enough heat or other energy is applied, the forces that bond the atoms together cause the atoms to vibrate
Researchers from the IBM Materials Integration and Nanoscale Devices group demonstrated a novel, robust and yet versatile approach for integrating III-V compound semiconductor crystals on silicon wafers a novel and an important step
or"color-centers,"in the Sic crystals do. The electron spins in these color centers can be cooled readily optically and aligned,
the team discovered the new materials have crystal structures that repeat every 12, 16 or 32 atoms respectively, said Professor Jim Williams, from the Electronic Material Engineering group at RSPE."
The new crystal structures have survived for more than a year now.""These new discoveries are not an accident,
However, the ultra-short laser micro-explosion creates pressures many times higher than the strength of diamond crystal can produce.
Caltech researchers adopted a novel technique, ultrafast electron crystallography (UEC), to visualize directly in four dimensions the changing atomic configurations of the materials undergoing the phase changes.
"To study this, the researchers used their technique, ultrafast electron crystallography. The technique, a new developmentifferent from Zewail's Nobel Prizeinning work in femtochemistry, the visual study of chemical processes occurring at femtosecond scalesllowed researchers to observe directly the transitioning atomic configuration of a prototypical phase-change material
Nuclear Magnetic resonance (NMR) and x-ray crystallography being the main techniques.""One of the strengths of Ume University is the open cooperative climate with low or no barriers between research groups.
A group of scientists from Russia and the USA, including Pavel Sorokin and Liubov Antipina from MIPT, recently conducted research on the properties of the crystals of one such material, Nb3site6, a compound of niobium telluride
"In their structure, the crystals resemble sandwiches with a thickness of three atoms (around 4 angstroms:
The scientists synthesized Nb3site6 crystals in a laboratory at Tulane University (New orleans. They then separated them into two-dimensional layers, taking samples for further analysis by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray crystal analysis and other methods.
because it helped simplify the description of processes in crystals, and tracking of electron-phonon interaction is fundamentally important for description of the different conducting properties in matter."
#For faster, larger graphene add a liquid layer (Nanowerk News) Millimetre-sized crystals of high-quality graphene can be made in minutes instead of hours using a new scalable technique,
In just 15 minutes the method can produce large graphene crystals around 2-3 millimetres in size that it would take up to 19 hours to produce using current chemical vapour deposition (CVD) techniques in
The researchers took a thin film of silica deposited on a platinum foil which, when heated, reacts to create a layer of platinum silicide.
or silica creating a thin liquid layer that smooths out nanoscale'valleys'in the platinum
'Because it is allowed to grow naturally in single graphene crystals there are none of the grain boundaries that can adversely affect the mechanical and electrical properties of the material.'
But with the liquid layer of platinum silicide the researchers show that graphene crystals of 2-3 millimetres can be produced in minutes.
If it were possible to extract the energy of the infrared laser pulse before the crystal has melted
which race through a crystal differently than through irregularly structured materials. Since the researchers also sent the electrons after the exciting laser pulse with a different delay
The crystal loses its regular structure in the process. Although five picoseconds sounds short, this time is sufficient to qualify the material for uses other than data storage.
#New insight on how crystals form may advance materials, health and basic science research Scientists have worked long to understand how crystals grow into complex shapes.
Crystals are important in materials from skeletons and shells to soils and semiconductor materials, but much is unknown about how they form.
Now, an international group of researchers has shown how nature uses a variety of pathways to grow crystals that go beyond the classical, one-atom-at-a-time route.
The findings, published today in Science("Crystallization by particle attachment in synthetic, biogenic, and geologic environments"),have implications for decades-old questions in science
and technology such as how animals and plants grow minerals into shapes that have no relation to their original crystal symmetry.
and laboratory-grown crystals that cannot be explained by traditional theories, "said Patricia Dove, a University Distinguished Professor at Virginia Tech and the C. P. Miles Professor of Science in the College of Science."
"We show how these crystals can be built up into complex structures by attaching particles as nanocrystals, clusters,
and pathways to becoming a crystal our challenge was to put together a framework to understand them."
and begin to combine with each other and with nearby crystals and other surfaces. For example, nanocrystals prefer to become oriented along the same direction as the larger crystal before attaching,
much like adding Legos. In contrast, amorphous conglomerates can simply aggregate. These atoms later become organized by"doing the wave"through the mass to rearrange into a single crystal,
researchers said. Study authors say much work needs to be done to understand the forces that cause these particles to move and combine.
what appear to be crystals with the traditional faceted surfaces or they can have unexpected completely shapes
"Our group synthesized the evidence to show these pathways to growing a crystal become possible because of interplays between of thermodynamic and kinetic factors."
"By understanding how animals form crystals into the working structures known as shells, teeth, and bones, scientists will have a bigger toolbox for interpreting the crystals formed in nature.
The insights may also help in the design of novel materials and explain unusual mineral patterns in rocks.
Using X-ray crystallography they found that the bases could incorporate themselves into strands of both natural and unnatural bases that included runs of Z and P up to six bases long.
but is absorbed by hemozoin waste crystals that are produced by the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum when it feeds on blood.
When the crystals absorb this energy, they warm the surrounding blood plasma, making it bubble. An oscilloscope placed on the skin alongside the laser senses these nanoscale bubbles
which interact with each other within the silica fiber optic cables. The researchers note that this approach could be used in systems with far more communication channels.
Individual germanium quantum dots were coated with silicon dioxide (silica), doped to make them p-type, and then deposited, using Natcore's liquid phase deposition (LPD) process,
#Ultrafast Lasers Create 3-D Crystal Waveguides in Glass Ultrafast Lasers Create 3-D Crystal Waveguides in Glassbethlehem, Pa.
June 9, 2015 Femtosecond laser pulses can create complex single-crystal waveguides inside glass a discovery that could enable photonic integrated circuits (PICS) that are smaller, cheaper, more energy-efficient and more reliable than current networks that use
"Other groups have made crystal in glass but were not able to demonstrate quality, "said professor Himanshu Jain."
"With the quality of our crystal, we have crossed the threshold for the idea to be useful.
Dynamic phase modulation allows growth of symmetric crystal junctions with single-pass writing, the researchers said."
"With our crystal, it is possible to do this in 3-D so that the wire the light can curve
but crystals, with their highly ordered lattice structure, have the requisite optical qualities. Scientists have been attempting for years to make crystals in glass in order to prevent light signals from being scattered
Jain said. The task is complicated by the"mutually exclusive"nature of the properties of crystal and glass.
Glass turns to crystal when it is heated, he said, but it is critical to control the transition."
"The question is, how long will this process take and will we get one crystal or many,
"Jain said.""We want a single crystal; light cannot travel through multiple crystals. And we need the crystal to be in the right shape and form."
"The fact that the demonstration was achieved using Labgeo5, a ferroelectric material, creates additional possibilities, Dierolf said."
"Ferroelectric crystals have demonstrated an electrical-optical effect that can be exploited for switching and for steering light from one place to another as a supermarket scanner does said,
"he.""Ferroelectric crystals can also transform light from one frequency to another. This makes it possible to send light through different channels."
"The research was published in Scientific Reports (doi: 10.1038/srep10391. For more information, visit www1. lehigh. edu. Harsh Environments No Match for New Fiber Sensor Nanofiber Fabrication Boosts Quantum computing Sulfur Copolymers Boost IR Optics
Bandwidth Demands Drive Fiber optics Advance s
#Graphene Filaments Provide Tunable On-Chip Light source Graphene Filaments Provide Tunable On-Chip Light Sourcenew YORK, June 15,
"To study this, the researchers developed ultrafast electron crystallography (UEC), which allowed them to observe directly the transitioning atomic configuration of a prototypical phase-change material, germanium telluride (Gete), under femtosecond laser pulses.
The sensor uses a nanoengineered silica chip with an active layer of ions that fluoresce
A number of crystals produce this effect, called frequency doubling or harmonic generation, to various degrees.
The strongest frequency doubler previously known is the synthetic crystal beta barium borate but the nano-spirals produce four times more blue light per unit volume.
we plan to do more experiments on high-quality crystals to distinguish between predictions of the various theories.
and an ion crystal made up of charged atoms held in place using specific voltages and something known as the Coulomb force.
and pull the ion crystal across the lattice, and also adjust the spacing of its atoms.
when the atoms in the ion crystal were spaced out at the same distance as the peaks and troughs of the optical lattice,
But when the team changed the spacing of the ion crystal so that the atoms weren matched up with the optical lattice,
with the new crystals now able to work in cells that are double in thickness on the previous limit of 200 nanometers."
#New superconducting hybrid crystals A new type of'nanowire'crystals that fuses semiconducting and metallic materials on the atomic scale could lay the foundation for future semiconducting electronics.
ever since research into nanowire crystals has existed at the Nanoscience Center at the Niels Bohr Institute.
"The atoms sit in a perfectly ordered lattice in the nanowire crystal, not only in the semiconductor and the metal,
You could say that it is the ultimate limit to how perfect a transition one could imagine between a nanowire crystal and a contact.
The team of physicists at ANU and the University of Otago stored quantum information in atoms of the rare earth element europium embedded in a crystal.
Even transporting our crystals at pedestrian speeds we have less loss than laser systems for a given distance.
We can now imagine storing entangled light in separate crystals and then transporting them to different parts of the network thousands of kilometres apart.
So we are thinking of our crystals as portable optical hard drives for quantum entanglement. After writing a quantum state onto the nuclear spin of the europium using laser light the team subjected the crystal to a combination of a fixed and oscillating magnetic fields to preserve the fragile quantum information.
The two fields isolate the europium spins and prevent the quantum information leaking away said Dr Jevon Longdell of the University of Otago.
including time-lapse crystallography and single-crystal spectroscopy, to slow down the reaction rate by nearly 10,000 times.
grew single crystals, mixed them with their substrate and froze them at different time points in liquid nitrogen at 77 Kelvin to stop all molecular activity.
They sent the crystals to Argonne National Laboratory for remote data collection. The X-ray diffraction patterns collected there were used to create an electron density map, a 3-D, atomic-level resolution of the molecule's shape.
The researchers used time-lapse crystallography and single-crystal spectroscopy to observe intermediate steps of the reaction."
Researchers found a few all-silica zeolites with superior performance that contain pores and channels with the ability to accommodate ethanol molecules
that allows growth of highly efficient and reproducible solar cells from large-area perovskite crystals.""These perovskite crystals offer promising routes for developing low-cost, solar-based, clean global energy solutions for the future,"said Aditya Mohite,
the Los alamos scientist leading the project. State-of-the-art photovoltaics using high-purity, large-area, wafer-scale single-crystalline semiconductors grown by sophisticated,
An alternative means to bend X-rays is to use crystals. A crystal lattice diffracts X-rays, as the German physicist Max von Laue discovered a century ago.
artificial crystals can be tailor-made to sharply focus X-rays by depositing different materials layer by layer.
Specifically diode lasers bars in the wavelength range 930 to 970 nm are the fundamental building blocks for pump sources for Ytterbium-doped crystals in large laser facilities,
Arrayarraythe researchers'printing surface consists of a sandwich-like structure made up of two thin films of silver separated by a"spacer"film of silica.
Between the top and bottom films lies a 45-nanometer silica dielectric spacer. The researchers created a scaled-down template of the athletic logo and drilled out tiny perforations on the top layer of the metamaterial structure.
the group said it had employed ultrafast femtosecond lasers to produce a three-dimensional single crystal capable of guiding light waves through glass with little loss of light.
Crystals, with their highly ordered specific lattice structure, have the requisite optical qualities.""Amorphous waveguides fundamentally lack second-order optical nonlinearity due to their isotropically disordered atomic structure,
"The ability to pattern nonlinear optical crystals in glass is therefore essential for 3d laser-fabrication of PICS to achieve its full potential."
"To pattern crystals in glass, the Lehigh-led group employed femtosecond lasers, whose speed and precision make them useful for cataract and other eye surgeries.
Scientists have been attempting for years to make crystals in glass in order to prevent light from being scattered as light signals are transmitted,
The task is complicated by the"mutually exclusive"nature of the properties of crystal and glass. Glass turns to crystal when it is heated
says Jain, but it is critical to control the transition.""The question is, how long will this process take
and will we get one crystal or many. We want a single crystal; light cannot travel through multiple crystals.
And we need the crystal to be in the right shape and form.""After conducting experiments at Lehigh and at Kyoto University and Polytechnique Montreal,
the group built a single crystal in glass, demonstrated its waveguiding capabilities and quantified its transmission efficiency.
The glass and crystal both were composed of lanthanum borogermanate (Labgeo5), a ferroelectric material.""We achieved quality,
"says Dierolf,"by guiding light from one end of the crystal to the other with very little loss of light."
"We have made the equivalent of a wire to guide the light. With our crystal, it is possible to do this in 3d
so that the wire--the light--can curve and bend as it is transmitted. This gives us the potential of putting different components on different layers of glass."
"The fact that the demonstration was achieved using ferroelectric materials is another plus, says Dierolf.""Ferroelectric crystals have demonstrated an electrical-optical effect that can be exploited for switching
and for steering light from one place to another as a supermarket scanner does. Ferroelectric crystals can also transform light from one frequency to another.
This makes it possible to send light through different channels.""""Other groups have made crystal in glass
but were not able to demonstrate quality, "says Jain.""With the quality of our crystal, we have crossed the threshold for the idea to be useful.
As a result, we are now exploring the development of novel devices for optical communication in collaboration with a major company."
or almost melt, until it is transformed into a crystal.""The unique focus of the femtosecond laser also makes it possible to"write"the crystal inside the glass and not on its surface."
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