Plastics are made essentially polymers from long chains of carbon and other elements. They are relatively inexpensive to manufacture and their versatility,
But, because polymers and plastics are so cheap to manufacture the economic benefit of recycling can be marginal.
the use of the waste polymers needed to be more cost-effective than traditional methods,
On the path to commercialisation, her team found an even more effective approach was to use the polymers in another type of waste used car tyres.
Veena's team perfected the technique of'polymer injection'for electric arc furnaces. In Australia alone, this technology has resulted so far in over two million used car tyres being converted from waste into a valuable feedstock for steel production.
***a polymer network that can absorb water and expand significantly; the amount of expansion depends on the chemical properties of the gel and the environment around it.
***Hydrogels are linked cross networks of polymers that can absorb various amounts of water depending on their chemical composition and structure.
and nanoparticles to naturally occurring plant cells, biological polymers and tissues. The first application in which this microscope was deployed in the DOE Bioenergy Science Center was for analyzing plant cell walls,
and chemically grafted nanomembranes loaded with iron oxide nanoparticles, in the Journal of Applied Polymer Science, July 14.
the pesticide and polylactic acid a polymer derived from corn. The materials are derived biodegradable and from renewable resources. he chemical is protected,
"The present template-based approach for the synthesis of linear-chain diamondoid polymers is entirely different from conventional chemical approaches."
either be transformed into the linear-chain polymers or into amorphous carbon.""As a result, the structures formed in the 1-nm-sized tubes were a polymeric chain of nanodiamondoids,
the formed carbon nanotubes filled with the nanodiamondoid polymer look like macaroni filled with spaghetti. In order to extract the inner polymer,
a solution-phase sonication/extraction can be applied, the group reports. The big advantage of the new method is the simplicity and specificity of the formation of the one-dimensional nanostructured polymer chain.
This technique will certainly attract the attention of materials scientists s
#Researchers Demonstrate Breakthrough Method for Getting Nanoparticles to Self-Assemble The medium is the message.
Enclosed within the platelet membranes are made nanoparticle cores of a biodegradable polymer that can be metabolized safely by the body.
The nanoparticles can be packed with many small drug molecules that diffuse out of the polymer core and through the platelet membrane onto their targets.
Polymer molecules are being employed for these nano-dispenser systems because scientists can change their size,
Both synthetic and natural polymers play an essential role in most people lives every day ranging from familiar synthetic plastics,
It is made of a silicon-based polymer, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and has microvalves and fluidic channels to transport the sample between nodes for various sample preparation steps.
what ratio of carbon black to lithium iron phosphate to polymer binder to use; what order to add them in;
Free radicals are produced during the fire cycle as a polymer degrades, and their removal is critical to stopping the fire from continuing to spread.
which blocks fire's access to its fuel source--the polymer. The synergistic combination of both these processes makes polydopamine an attractive and powerful flame retardant.
printers are adapted to produce pharmaceutical compounds rather than polymers which are used more usually. Such methods are already proving very useful in healthcare with doctors using the system to create customised implants for patients with injuries or other conditions.
But the nanoclews are coated with a positively charged polymer that breaks down the endosome, setting the nanoclew free inside the cell.
while they were initially designing photosensitive polymers for drug delivery applications. Once they came up with a polymer that responded to UV light,
they realized that this did not permeate well through skin and could cause damage to healthy cells. e
hydrophilic (water-loving) shell and a hydrophobic (water-fearing) spherical core. he polymers are synthetized to ensure that
polymers are released into the water. While the polymer released (polyethylene glycol) is recognized as safe and used in various food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics products,
it would be ideal if no material was released or if it could be used by parts of the ecosystem to further minimize environmental impact.
To circumvent this problem the team developed a simple method to densely coat the nanoparticles with a nonsticky polymer called PEG,
As a next step, Bertrand said it would be interesting to design a system where no polymer is released,
which incorporates nanoparticles into polymers through a technique called electrospinning, was developed by a team from the University of North Texas System College of Pharmacy,
The micromotors have an outer polymer surface that holds the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, which speeds up the reaction between carbon dioxide and water to form bicarbonate.
Significant efforts in recent years have focused on developing lightweight polymer matrix composites to replace heavier metal-based components in automobiles and marine vessels.
By adding composites made of a polymer and reduced graphene oxide, the films are able to detect touch
and is covered by a scratch resistant hardened glass. the dial has a rechargeable lithium polymer battery,
Plumestop is composed of very fine particles of activated carbon (1-2 m) suspended in water through the use of unique organic polymer dispersion chemistry.
The groups created brush-shaped polymers with side chains that resemble bristles. From there they attached DNA to the tips of these bristles
"The metamaterial consists of silicon pillar arrays embedded in a polymer matrix and clad in gold film.
which"poisons"the desired reactions, for example in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells, which are the leading contenders for small-scale and mobile power generation not based on batteries or combustion engines.
in order to facilitate downstream polymer production. The current industrial catalyst for butadiene hydrogenation uses palladium and silver.
Then they seeped a polymer between the silicon nanowire pillars. After the plastic support solidified they etched away the silicon backing, leaving bull's-eye patterned black silicon embedded in supple plastic.
Then they seeped a polymer between the silicon nanowire pillars. After the plastic support solidified they etched away the silicon backing, leaving bull's-eye patterned black silicon embedded in supple plastic.
Traditional 3d printing with plastics is done by heating a polymer, then applying it layer by layer to build an object.
It sandwiched between two polymer panels to form an airtight seal. The resin remains liquid as long as that seal remains unbroken.
This is why the Stanford researchers placed the aluminum anode, a graphite cathode and an ionic liquid electrolyte inside of a polymer-coated pouch.
#quid teethplastic self-heals with water Scientists derived the genetic code of squid ring teeth to develop a polymer that self-heals with a single drop of water.
The polymer can then either be molded using heat or cast by solvent evaporation. The two-part material is a copolymer consisting of an amorphous segment that is soft and a more structured molecular architecture.
This part also provides strength for the polymer, but the amorphous segment provides the self-healing.
Healing wounds The researchers created a dog-bone shaped sample of the polymer and then cut it in half.
A new polymer structure, developed and produced with 3d printing by postdoc Miguel Molerón, is central to the new method.
They attached the polymer structure with the microphones to a robot very close to the object surface,
it would also be interesting to adapt the method for ultrasound that has shorter wavelengths. ecause the size of the polymer structure has to be adjusted to the operational wavelength,
The researchers used smart shape-memory polymers (SMPS) with the ability to remember one shape
ALLOVER TEMPERATURE The research creates self-folding structures from 3d-printed patterns containing varying amounts of different smart shape-memory polymers.
These examples all require the precise control of the folding sequence of different parts of the structure to avoid collisions of the components during folding. e have exploited the ability to 3d-print smart polymers
which were made from varying ratios of two different commercially available shape-memory polymers. A simplified reduced-order model was developed also to rapidly
Ribo-T may be able to be tuned to produce unique and functional polymers for exploring ribosome functions
or producing designer therapeuticsnd, eventually perhaps even non-biological polymers. No one has developed ever something of this nature. e felt like there was a smallery smallhance Ribo-T could work,
all packed within a flexible, polymer-coated pouch. And unlike lithium-ion batteries which can short circuit
Polymers like hydrogels carry large amounts of water within their structure which gives them the capacity to respond to variations in environmental factors such as acidity,
the team created an L-shaped polymer and changed the temperature repeatedly to observe its response.
where the light helped to stick them together within the polymer. The nanosheets create electrostatic resistance in one direction,
The polymer"legs"not only lengthened and contracted at pace, allowing it to move forward, but its overall volume also remained the same.
The L-shaped polymer can walk indefinitely, Ishida says, as long as the heating and cooling cycle is repeated.
The meshes are made from a flexible polymer called POMAC (which is short for this mouthful:"
and bend the polymer meshes.""And when we apply electrical field stimulation, we see that they beat in synchrony."
"The biodegradable polymer is reinforced with montmorillonite clay nanoparticles (we've seen nanoparticles used in other ways to heal bones) for strength,
what some scientists are calling iofuelbecause the organic chemicals from plastic polymers she extracts, are the same chemicals extracted from vegetation to create ethanol biofuel.
The fibers are bathed then in a polymer that arranges them into a latticelike structure. Then
The polymer burns away and leaves behind a strong, light lattice that is later filled with liquid silicon to create a solid structure.
including a small polymer panel that literally goes"poof,"changing from a solid into a gas.
The nanoparticles are made of biodegradable polymers called poly (ß-amino esters)( PBAES) and in lab tests were able to pass through mucus taken from real patients.
The Velox valve works with different size mitral annuli and consists of the standard pericardial leaflets on top of a polymer coated nitinol self-expanding structure.
as they are normally either purely organic, for example in solar cell conducting polymers, or entirely inorganic, such as oxide or metallic glasses.
or polymer layers on it. The biosensing sensitivity depends on the properties of chip surface. Higher binding capacity for biomolecules increases the signal levels and accuracy of analysis. The last several years
or into flexible chains through soft molecular linkers such as surface-grafted DNA or polymers. Here, we show that capillarity-mediated binding between magnetic nanoparticles coated with a liquid lipid shell can be used for the assembly of ultraflexible microfilaments and network structures.
and nanostructures to naturally occurring biological polymers, tissues and plant cells. The first application as part of DOE's Bioenergy Science Center was in the examination of plant cell walls under several treatments to provide submicron characterization.
They have managed also to use the polymer to build an L-shaped object that slowly walks forward as the temperature is raised repeatedly and lowered.
Hydrogels are polymers that can maintain large quantities of water within their networks. Because of this, they can swell
The nanosheets ended up stuck within the polymer, aligned in a single plane. Due to electrostatic forces, the sheets create electrostatic resistance in one direction but not in the other.
which we calculated to be 32 degrees Celsius, the polymer rapidly changed shape, stretching in length.
As a demonstration of how the polymer could be put to practical use, the group designed an L-shaped piece of polymer that can actually walk, in a water environment,
as the legs lengthen and contract in response to changing temperature. The group now plans to conduct further studies to create substances that can be used in practical applications.
biocompatible polymer film made out of polyvinylidene fluoride, or PVDF. To improve the material's energy harvesting ability, they added DNA,
For energy devices we have demonstrated solution-processable approaches to fabricate organic photovoltaic devices on nearly arbitrary surfaces including PET and polymer reinforced polymer composites.
'which are based on metals, polymers and organic materials, to tie the system together electronically. With our technology, we can take a razor-thin silicon integrated circuit, a few hundred nanometers thick,
Enclosed within the platelet membranes are made nanoparticle cores of a biodegradable polymer that can be metabolized safely by the body.
The nanoparticles can be packed with many small drug molecules that diffuse out of the polymer core and through the platelet membrane onto their targets.
industrial-quality metal deposited on polymer sheets. First, an electronic mechanical cutter is used to form patterns on the metal-polymer sheets.
Second, after removing excessive areas, the electronics are printed onto any polymer adhesives, including temporary tattoo films.
The cutter is programmable so the size of the patch and pattern can be customized easily.
for example in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells, which are the leading contenders for small-scale and mobile power generation not based on batteries or combustion engines.
in order to facilitate downstream polymer production. The current industrial catalyst for butadiene hydrogenation uses palladium and silver.
The researchers make the film by first using a nanolithography developed in Chang's lab to create highly-ordered pores in a polymer substrate.
That porous polymer then serves as a template, which the researchers coats with a thin layer of aluminum oxide using atomic layer deposition.
The polymer is burned then off leaving behind a three-dimensional aluminum oxide coating.""We are able to control the thickness of the aluminum oxide,
According to the researchers, the aim of the research was to prepare an injectable paste made of bioglass and sodium alginate polymer with biocompatibility properties.
The team demonstrated efficient optical coupling of an array of silicon waveguides to a substrate containing an array of polymer waveguides.
The significant size difference between the silicon waveguides and the polymer waveguides originally presented a major challenge.
The researchers overcame this obstacle by gradually tapering the silicon waveguide, leading to an efficient transfer of the optical signal to the polymer waveguide.
"Now Gorodetsky has fabricated reflectin films on conformable polymer substrates, effectively sticky tape one might find in any household.
than a sensor made with the most advanced man-made water-absorbing polymers. There was also better sensitivity in extreme low-pressure, low-humidity situations."
Today reverse-osmosis filters are typically polymers. A filter is thin and resides on a support.
A porous graphene membrane could be more permeable than a polymer membrane, so separated water would drive faster through the membrane under the same conditions, the scientists reasoned."
Jianwen Zhao/Harbin Institute of technology in Weihai, University of California-Los angeles)" The dielectric elastomer is a kind of electro-active polymer that can deform
They constructed the outer layer out of cationicor positively chargedsegments of the polymers. For inside the carrier, they secured the drug with hydrophobic and ph-responsive polymers.
The positively charged outer layer of the carrier is able to stay in place at the surface of the teeth
If you put polymer chains on the surface that are attracted to the solvent, the particles will bounce off each other
shape and size of the polymers. Based on these findings, the team developed a new photolithographic technology that enabled the production of micropatterns with three-dimensional structures in various shapes and sizes.
and thus control the shape and size of the polymer. The use of the polymerization inhibitors enabled
His newest technology will enhance the manufacturing process of three-dimensional polymers which were considered difficult to be commercialized.
ACS (click on image to enlarge) The researchers investigated the polymer xylan which comprises a third of wood matter.
"Using advanced NMR techniques we found that the xylan polymer, which comprises about a third of wood,
Background Small-molecule versus polymer FETS The main issues around organic semiconductor FETS with small molecules are the low thermal durability.
Attempts to use polymers with benzene-like delocalised electron bonding alleviated issues around the thermal durability to a certain extent.
such as reproducible synthesis and purification of the polymers, as well as control of crystallinity and the molecular orientations towards both the substrate surface and the electrodes.
Bhushan and postdoctoral researcher Philip Brown chose to cover a bumpy surface with a polymer embedded with molecules of surfactant--the stuff that gives cleaning power to soap and detergent.
and layered the polymer and surfactant on top. The silica surfactant, polymer, and stainless steel are all nontoxic
and relatively inexpensive, said Brown. He estimated that a larger mesh net could be created for less than a dollar per square foot.
and filled with an electro-optical polymer, and sidewalls made of gold which, at the same time, act as electrodes.
The electro-optical polymer changes its index of refraction as a function of the voltage. The waveguide and the coupler made of silicon route the two parts of a split light beam to the gaps or from the gaps.
The voltage applied to the polymer modulates the surface waves. Modulation is different in both gaps but coherent,
an ARC Australian Laureate Fellow in the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering at the University of Melbourne, was published today in Advanced Materials("Multifunctional Thrombin-Activatable Polymer Capsules for Specific Targeting to Activated Platelets").
and Andrew Alleyne (Mechse)--embedded QDS in novel polymer materials that retain strong quantum efficiency.
They then used electrohydrodynamic jet (e-jet) printing technology to precisely print the QD-embedded polymers onto photonic crystal structures.
#Water heals a bioplastic (w/video) A drop of water self-heals a multiphase polymer derived from the genetic code of squid ring teeth,
The polymer can then either be molded using heat or cast by solvent evaporation. The two-part material is a copolymer consisting of an amorphous segment that is soft and a more structured molecular architecture.
This part also provides strength for the polymer, but the amorphous segment provides the self-healing.
The polymer can either be molded using heat or cast by solvent evaporation. Video: Demirel Lab/Penn State) The researchers created a dog-bone shaped sample of the polymer
and then cut it in half. Using warm water at about 113 degrees Fahrenheit--slightly warmer than body temperature--and a slight amount of pressure with a metal tool,
In our case the gum wall is a biodegradable polymer that protects the liquid center:
Besides being composed of a biodegradable polymer, it becomes a lactic acid and can easily be discarded.""We tested it in orange, strawberry and watermelon juice at 70 and 90 Degree celsius,
The study appears September 21 in Nature Materials("Sequence Heuristics To Encode Phase Behaviour In Intrinsically Disordered Protein Polymers"."
or polymer layers on it. The biosensing sensitivity depends on the properties of chip surface. Higher binding capacity for biomolecules increases the signal levels and accuracy of analysis. The last several years
It is made of a silicon-based polymer, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and has microvalves and fluidic channels to transport the sample between nodes for various sample preparation steps.
industrial-quality metal deposited on polymer sheets. First, an electronic mechanical cutter is used to form patterns on the metal-polymer sheets.
Second, after removing excessive areas, the electronics are printed onto any polymer adhesives, including temporary tattoo films.
The cutter is programmable so the size of the patch and pattern can be customized easily.
Free radicals are produced during the fire cycle as a polymer degrades, and their removal is critical to stopping the fire from continuing to spread.
which blocks fire's access to its fuel source--the polymer. The synergistic combination of both these processes makes polydopamine an attractive and powerful flame retardant.
which are synthetic polymers closely related to protein-forming peptides. The design rule controls the way in
which polymers adjoin to form the backbones that run the length of nanosheets. Surprisingly, these molecules link together in a counter-rotating pattern not seen in nature.
and the polymers that make up these backbones are joined all together using the same rule. Each adjacent polymer rotates incrementally in the same direction,
so that a twist runs along the backbone. This rule doesn apply to peptoid nanosheets. Along their backbones, adjacent monomer units rotate in opposite directions.
("Metal/Polymer Based Stretchable Antenna for Constant Frequency Far-Field Communication in Wearable Electronics"."The paper will be the front cover article of the print edition.
"We fabricated our antenna using a metal/polymer bilayer process the resulting structure combines the conductivity of the metal
and the elasticity of the polymer and the stretchability is imparted using a lateral spring structure,
"The key reason the antenna needed to be fabricated as a metal/polymer bilayer is that standalone metal thin films are very malleable,
The solution to this problem was to use a polymer backing that provides the restoration force
Then they seeped a polymer between the silicon nanowire pillars. After the plastic support solidified they etched away the silicon backing, leaving bull's-eye patterned black silicon embedded in supple plastic.
Arrays of lenses formed within a flexible polymer bend and stretch into different configurations. And the researchers can freely reconfigure the shape of the lens array,
Then they seeped a polymer between the silicon nanowire pillars. After the plastic support solidified, they etched away the silicon backing, leaving bull's-eye patterned black silicon embedded in supple plastic.
and buckling of graphene on a thermally activated, shrinking polymer substrate. This process enables precise control and optimization of the size and spacing of integrated Au nanoparticles on crumpled graphene for higher SERS enhancement."
and even polymer fibers stretch typically only 20-25 percent, Park noted. That is a limiting factor in a device such as a hand, where a wide range of motion is essential.
Over time, the polymer mesh breaks down harmlessly. After growing on the special mesh for just four days,
is made of an acrylic acid polymer. It works like a scaffold, allowing the printing of intricate patterns that would collapse without its support such as nested Russian-doll-like structures and thin
The researchers can also use silicone, hydrogel and other polymers, and made a replica of a colleague brain in the soft,
The film is made of a photoreactive polymer that responds to both the intensity and the polarization of the light.
The metamaterial consists of low-aspect-ratio silicon pillar arrays embedded in a polymer matrix and clad by gold films.
and a widely used polymer called polyethylene glycol, or PEG. Its light emission can be tailored to reflect very subtle changes in the environment,
and even polymer fibers stretch typically only 20 to 25 percent, Park said. That is a limiting factor in a device such as a hand
Instead of running on liquid propellant, the pumps are powered by electric motors with lithium polymer batteries. This eliminates the need for extra spaghetti tubes and valves,
COFS are highly crystalline, porous polymers in which certain parent molecules form highly regular, two-or three-dimensional network structures.
These network polymers possess suitable optical and electronic properties as well as a relatively large surface area, which in essence make them interesting candidates for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
the scientists had to add platinum nanoparticles and an electron donor to their powder polymer."
Usually, the thin filmssed by organic bulk heterojunction solar cellsre created by mixing conjugated polymers and fullerenes,
an easy-to-process silicone-based organic polymer. Conductive carbon black powder is added to the liquid silicone before it is spread flat by a thin-film applicator.
The polymer foam starts as a liquid that can be poured into a mold to create shapes,
they use a flexible polymer substrate covered in gold nanoparticles to which the VOCS attach. By applying electrodes and a voltage to the resulting film,
#Researchers discover N-type polymer for fast organic battery The discovery relies upon a"conjugated redox polymer"design with a naphthalene-bithiophene polymer,
The breakthrough, described in the Journal of the American Chemical Society and featured as ACS Editors'Choice for open access, addresses a decades-long challenge for electron-transport conducting polymers,
Researchers have recognized long the promise of functional organic polymers, but until now have not been successful in developing an efficient electron-transport conducting polymer to pair with the established hole-transporting polymers.
The lithium-doped naphthalene-bithiophene polymer proved both to exhibit significant electronic conductivity and to be stable through 3,
000 cycles of charging and discharging energy, Yao said. The discovery could lead to a cheaper alternative to traditional inorganic-based energy devices,
Organic polymers can be processed at relatively low temperatures, lowering the cost. They also produce less CO2,
organic polymers could potentially be synthesized from biomass.""Organic-conjugated polymers are emerging as a materials class for energy-related applications,
enabling a path to a more sustainable energy landscape without the need of energy-intensive, expensive and sometimes toxic metal-based compounds,
concluding that"a model polymer, P (NDI2OD-T2), was stably and reversibly n-doped to a high doping level of 2. 0,
-conjugated polymers...With rational molecular design? -conjugated redox polymers will establish new design space in polymer chemistry
and see widespread applications, especially in energy-related ones such as batteries, supercapacitors and thermoelectrics.""The basic polymer used in the work was discovered in 2009;
Yao said it was provided by members of the research team from Polyera Corporation, a technology company based in Illinois
and raised the polymer's doping level from a previously reported 0. 1 to 2. 0. The results are record-setting.
The polymer exhibits the fastest charge-discharge performance for an organic material under practical measurement conditions,
His group also will continue to do basic scientific research on the polymer to learn more about it,
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