like a polymer, and could literally be sucked into a glass needle or pipette. From there, we simply asked,
or flexible polymers they cause inflammation in the tissue that requires periodically changing the position or the stimulation. ut with our injectable electronics, it as if it not there at all.
researchers lay out a mesh of nanowires sandwiched in layers of organic polymer. The first layer is dissolved then, leaving the flexible mesh,
which it can then relay to human cells. ur artificial neuron is made of conductive polymers
and Aix-Marseille Universite have built binary data into a strand of synthetic polymer, a minuscule chain of chemical information about 60,000 times thinner than a strand of hair.
A zettabyte of Lutz's synthesized polymer would be about 10 grams. The process of building a polymer is like stringing a pearl necklace.
As its simplest level, digital information is coded into zeros and ones. Researchers assigned certain chemical components called monomers to represent zero and one.
To build the polymer, it just a matter of chemically stringing those monomers together in a specific order,
creating a polymer. Scientists use a mass spectrometer, a device often used to sequence DNA, to read the data later.
He looks to the recent advances in coding biological strands of DNA in a similar manner as a roadmap for how synthetic polymer technology can progress.
Lutz, working on synthetic polymers, says that his process, while years away from being viable, is suited actually better for the task of storing data than DNA is.
cellulose is a very abundant polymer. 3d printed objects made of cellulose would biodegradable and could even capture carbon dioxide that would
Now researchers have figured out how to fix mycosporines in place by putting them around a polymer scaffoldingor this experiment, they used chitosan,
but plenty of other polymers would work just as well, they note. The material could absorb UV-B rays 192 percent more effectively than most commercial sunscreens,
and Steven P. Levitan, Ph d.,John A. Jurenko professor of electrical and computer engineering, integrated models for self-oscillating polymer gels and piezoelectric micro-electric-mechanical systems to devise a new
"That clinical use involves the carbon spheres being coated with polymer-a polymer that can gradually release drugs into the system to fight cancer and other diseases.
and vibrational spectroscopic techniques were used to monitor how the polymers gradually released their payload. The researchers ran a series of different experiments to check the temperatures required for the drugs to disperse,
Different polymer coatings were tested too as the team works towards getting these'homemade'carbon nanoparticles ready for clinical use."
"You can coat it with different polymers to give it a different optical response. You can load it with two drugs,
The roofing material is made from stacked polymers on top of a thin silver film, and only absorbs an incredible 3 percent of sunlight.
"Our artificial neuron is made of conductive polymers and it functions like a human neuron, "lead researcher Agneta Richter-Dahlfors from the Karolinska Institutet in Sweden said in a press release.
Building on more than two decades of carbon nanotube research in the field the UW-Madison team drew on cutting-edge technologies that use polymers to selectively sort out the semiconducting nanotubes achieving a solution of ultra-high-purity semiconducting carbon nanotubes.
The Rice lab of chemist James Tour discovered last year that firing a laser at an inexpensive polymer burned off other elements and left a film of porous graphene, the much-studied atom-thick
since their work to make vertically aligned supercapacitors with laser-induced graphene on both sides of a polymer sheet.
energy can be dissipated into the soft polymer segments. Together, this results in a lightweight material that is considered as the gold standard of natural materials
The scientists started by coating the top surface of a silicon solar cell with a polymer material called a"block copolymer,
#Hierarchically-porous polymers with fast absorption Professor Myungeun Seo and his research team from the Graduate school of Nanoscience
and Technology at KAIST has developed a method to form micropores of less than 2 nanometers within porous polymers where 10 nanometers long mesopores connect like a net.
The advantage of the porous polymers is fast absorption of molecules. Porous polymers with micropores of less than 2 nanometers like a zeolite have a large surface area.
They are used as a means to store hydrogen-based molecules or as a catalytic support that can be used as a surface to convert a material into a desired form.
The research team solved the issue by implementing a self-assembly of block polymers to easily form a netlike nanostructure from mesopores of 10 nanometers.
The team created hierarchically-porous polymers consisting of two different types of pores by using a hypercrosslinking reaction along with the self-assembly method.
The reaction creates micropores within the chain after the polymer chain is confined by a chemical bond.
This porous polymer has micropores that are smaller than 2 nanometers on the walls of mesopores
This is the first case where a porous polymer has both well-defined mesopores and micropores. The research team verified the effect of hierarchically-porous structures on absorption of molecules by confirming that the porous polymer had faster absorption speeds than a polymer consisting only of micropores.
Professor Seo said The study has found a simple way to create different sizes of pores within a polymer.
He expected that the hierarchically-porous polymers can be used as a catalytic support in which fast diffusion of molecules is essential or for molecule collection.
The research was sponsored by National Research Foundation of Korea and published online in the Journal of the American Chemical Society y
Instead of making their microscopes more powerful they have discovered a method that enlarges tissue samples by embedding them in a polymer that swells
Their idea was to make specimens easier to image at high resolution by embedding them in an expandable polymer gel made of polyacrylate a very absorbent material commonly found in diapers.
This natural polymer is an ideal"cocoon"that can stabilize compounds such as enzymes antibodies and growth factors while lending itself to many different mechanically robust formats, said Fiorenzo Omenetto, Ph d.,senior author on the paper and associate dean for research and Frank C. Doble Professor
The new technique relies on polymer self-assembly, where molecules are designed to spontaneously assemble into desired structures.
Here, an intensely hot laser swept across the sample to transform disordered polymer blocks into precise arrangements in just seconds."
To further exploit the power and precision of LZA, the researchers applied a heat-sensitive elastic coating on top of the unassembled polymer film.
the scientists converted the polymer base into other materials. One method involved taking the nano-cylinder layer
These molecules then glom onto the self-assembled polymer, converting it into a metallic mesh.
where a vaporized material infiltrates the polymer nano-cylinders and transforms them into functional nanowires.
allowing it to drive polymer self-assembly even on top of complex underlying layers. This versatility enables the use of a wide variety of materials in different nanoscale configurations."
Smart polymers were developed first several decades ago, but multiple functions have not been combined effectively in the same material,
an ionic electro-active polymer (i-EAP), which bends or swells with the application of voltage and are used in soft robotics;
and a two-way shape memory polymer (SMP), which can be programmed to adopt and later recall specific shapes, in a type of muscle memory.
In this case the researchers were able to use phase separation combined with ordinary polymer syntheses to achieve the complex structures.
"Our artificial neuron is made of conductive polymers and it functions like a human neuron, "says lead investigator Agneta Richter-Dahlfors, professor of cellular microbiology."
and Steven P. Levitan, Ph d.,John A. Jurenko professor of electrical and computer engineering, integrated models for self-oscillating polymer gels and piezoelectric micro-electric-mechanical systems to devise a new
""Our goal was to develop an eco-friendly herding molecule as an alternative to the current silicone-based polymers,
and duration by creating a gel with 3d microscopic structures of a polymer compound called polyethylene glycol (PEG) that resembles"reservoirs."
Compared to other polymers like plastics, the wood nanomaterial is biocompatible and has relatively low thermal expansion coefficient,
They have been able to make further chemical modifications to the pores of the 3dom hydrogels by grafting with organic compounds and polymers.
A number of polymer structures were tested for their ability to deliver DNA into two rat glioma cell lines.
Among the many polymers tried, the one known as PBAE 447 was found to be the most efficient in delivering the HSVTK gene into the cultured rat glioma cells.
#Polymer mold makes perfect silicon nanostructures Using molds to shape things is as old as humanity.
In a breakthrough for nanoscience, Cornell polymer engineers have made such a mold for nanostructures that can shape liquid silicon out of an organic polymer material.
whose lab previously has led the creation of novel materials made of organic polymers. With the right chemistry, organic polymers self-assemble,
and the researchers used this special ability of polymers to make a mold dotted with precisely shaped and sized nanopores.
Normally, melting amorphous silicon, which has a melting temperature of about 2, 350 degrees, would destroy the delicate polymer mold,
which degrades at about 600 degrees. But the scientists in collaboration with Michael Thompson, associate professor of materials science and engineering, got around this issue by using extremely short melt periods induced by a laser.
The researchers found the polymer mold holds up if the silicon is heated by laser pulses just nanoseconds long.
but the melt duration is so short the polymer doesn't have time to oxidize
They essentially tricked the polymer mold into retaining its shape at temperatures above its decomposition point.
Semiconductors like silicon don't self-assemble into perfectly ordered structures like polymers Do it's almost unheard of to get a 3-D structured single crystal of a semiconductor.
which directed the assembly of a polymer resin. Writing lines in the film with the laser,
which makes polymer products more pliable and is still in use. igher everyday exposure levels were associated with menopause coming,
The Harvard team solved these problems by using a mesh of conductive polymer threads with either nanoscale electrodes
Neurons ook at this polymer network as friendly, like a scaffold he says. The next steps will be to implant larger meshes containing hundreds of devices, with different kinds of sensors,
they developed a 3-D printing process that uses two types of polymers: one rigid, one flexible.
The printer inserts an array of the rigid polymers into a bed of squishy material composed of the more flexible type.
its naturally smooth surface takes on a patterned texture that depends on the spacing and shapes of the embedded rigid polymers.
its rigid polymers are stuck in a fixed array and cannot change positions relative to one another.
For example, by using elongated rigid polymers instead of spherical ones, scientists could create surfaces that are smooth along one direction but ridged in the opposite direction.
Some rigid polymers might yield differently textured surfaces depending on the strength of the applied force.
but further compression would cause the polymers to rotate relative to one another, creating a different topography.
Other polymers could swell or shrink relative to the soft material. In the sample Guttag and Boyce printed to physically test their code,
the rigid polymers were about a centimeter in diameter and the bed of soft material was about a meter across.
The Rice lab of chemist James Tour discovered last year that firing a laser at an inexpensive polymer burned off other elements and left a film of porous graphene, the much-studied atom-thick
since their work to make vertically aligned supercapacitors with laser-induced graphene on both sides of a polymer sheet.
the UW-Madison team drew on cutting-edge technologies that use polymers to selectively sort out the semiconducting nanotubes,
In a global polymer industry valued in the hundreds of billions of dollars, a technique called Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization is emerging as a key process for creating well-defined polymers for a vast range of materials, from adhesives to electronics.
However, current ATRP methods by design use metal catalysts a major roadblock to applications for which metal contamination is an issue,
Controlling radical polymerization processes is critical for the synthesis of functional block polymers. As a catalyst, phenothiazine builds block copolymers in a sequential manner,
This translates into a high degree of versatility in polymer structure, as well as an efficient process. ur process doesn need heat.
such as ATRP, is arguably one of the biggest things to happen in polymer chemistry in the past few decades,
Solid Polymer Ionic Liquid (SPIL) electrolyte enables the ultra-thin lithium metal anode and improves the cell-level energy density by 50%compared to graphite anodes
they will be manufactured from polymer-lined 5 mm-thick carbon fibre in the finished model. The lightweight lithium-polymer hybrid fuel cell that converts the hydrogen gas into electricity to power the rotors was developed by a sister company,
called Horizon Energy systems. y removing the design silos that typically separate the energy storage component from UAV frame development,
Gong and her students also have been based studying bio polymers for more than a decade. CNF offers many benefits over current chip substrates, she says. he advantage of CNF over other polymers is that it a bio-based material and most other polymers are based petroleum polymers.
Bio-based materials are sustainable bio-compatible and biodegradable, Gong says. nd, compared to other polymers,
CNF actually has a relatively low thermal expansion coefficient. The group work also demonstrates a more environmentally friendly process that showed performance similar to existing chips.
we noticed that it was almost invisible and very flexible like a polymer and could literally be sucked into a glass needle or pipette.
researchers lay out a mesh of nanowires sandwiched in layers of organic polymer. The first layer is dissolved then, leaving the flexible mesh,
The global market for polymers such as this approaches $7 billion, and there are estimates the U s. spends up to $120 billion a year on probiotic products such as yogurt, sour cream and buttermilk.
beginning in the early 1990s when a novel polymer with an ability to rapidly thicken milk was discovered by an OSU microbiologist.
The polymer is known as Ropy 352 and produced by a non-disease-causing bacterium. his is one of many naturally occurring,
never-before reported grouping of genes that code for a unique polymer that naturally thickens milk.
In basic research, wee also broadened our understanding of how and why non-disease-causing bacteria produce polymers.
This polymer appears to give fermented foods a smooth thick, creamy property, and may initially find uses in sour cream, yogurt, kefir, buttermilk, cream cheese and artisan soft cheeses.
And unlike other polymers that are used now commonly as thickeners, it may add probiotic characteristics to foods,
non-disease-causing bacterial strains that produce unique polymers with characteristics desirable and safe for food products,
One of the most common polymers, xanthum gum, has been in use since 1969 and is found in a huge range of food products, from canned foods to ice cream, pharmaceuticals and beauty products.
Trempy research program has determined the new polymer will thicken whole and nonfat milk, lactose-free milk, coconut milk, rice milk,
Beyond that, the polymer may have a wide range of applications such as thickening of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, fruit juices, cosmetics and personal care products.
In their broader uses, microbial polymers are used for food production, chemical production, detergents, cosmetics, paints, pesticides, fertilizers, film formers, lubricants, explosives, pharmaceutical production and waste treatment.
Polymer material produced by a 3-D printer includes soft, flexible material (clear or lighter tone) with particles of hard material (black) embedded, in predetermined arrangements.
involves a material that is composed of two different polymers with different degrees of stiffness: More rigid particles are embedded within a matrix of a more flexible polymer.
When squeezed, the material surface changes from smooth to a pattern determined by the spacing and shapes of the implanted harder particles;
The scientists devised a new arrangement of solar cell ingredients, with bundles of polymer donors (green rods) and neatly organized fullerene acceptors (purple, tan.
you can vastly improve the retention of energy. he two components that make the UCLA-developed system work are a polymer donor and a nanoscale fullerene acceptor.
The polymer donor absorbs sunlight and passes electrons to the fullerene acceptor; the process generates electrical energy.
The plastic materials, called organic photovoltaics, are organized typically like a plate of cooked pasta a disorganized mass of long, skinny polymer paghettiwith random fullerene eatballs.
because the electrons sometimes hop back to the polymer spaghetti and are lost. The UCLA technology arranges the elements more neatly like small bundles of uncooked spaghetti with precisely placed meatballs.
The fullerenes inside the structure take electrons from the polymers and toss them to the outside fullerene
which can effectively keep the electrons away from the polymer for weeks. hen the charges never come back together,
these particles are coated with polymers, which fine-tune their optical properties and their rate of degradation in the body.
These polymers can be loaded with drugs that are released gradually. Finally, carbon nanoparticles are rather small, less than eight nanometres in diameter (in comparison,
Scientists also found that they can alter the infusion of the particles into melanoma cells by adjusting the polymer coatings.
Scientists say that they can be coated with different polymers to give them different optical properties to make them even easier to detect in the organism,
a conductive polymer material that responds to electromagnetic fields. Wen Gao, a postdoctoral researcher in the Center for Paralysis Research who worked on the project with Borgens,
and the shape change of the polymer that allows it to store and release drugs,
the polymer snaps back to the initial architecture and retains the remaining drug molecules . or each different drug the team would need to find the corresponding optimal electromagnetic field for its release,
and Steven P. Levitan, Phd, John A. Jurenko Professor of Electrical and Computer engineering, integrated models for self-oscillating polymer gels and piezoelectric micro-electric-mechanical systems to devise a new
When pressure is increased in the pores of the polymer, the structure swells and expands in a preferred direction.
The walls of the cells are made of a non-swellable polymer; a swellable polymer fills the interior of the chambers.
If the pressure inside the cells increases, for example, because the swellable polymer absorbs liquids, the structure expands in one direction.
Advanced Materials Interfaces/MPI of Colloids and Interfacesif you enjoy walking in the woods, you may well be familiar with the phenomenon.
To this end, they developed a computer simulation as well as tissue-like materials from a porous polymer in
Moveable parts of such robots, the actuators, might consist of a porous polymer with precisely defined pore properties. he actual motion could then be controlled by compressed air or an expandable fluid in the pores
The researchers were delighted also that the theoretical predictions from the computer simulation almost perfectly matched the results of their tests on synthesized porous polymer materials.
says Dunlop. Synthetic polymer honeycomb structures from a 3d printerthe composition of the cell walls plays a key role in the expansion process in the relevant cells of pinecones
The researchers simulated this structure for their practical experiments by bonding two different swellable polymer layers together.
The scientists envisage using porous polymer materials whose pores are filled with a hygroscopic fluid, for example a superabsorbing hydrogel, in future practical applications.
#Polymer mold makes perfect silicon nanostructures Using molds to shape things is as old as humanity.
In a breakthrough for nanoscience, Cornell polymer engineers have made such a mold for nanostructures that can shape liquid silicon out of an organic polymer material.
whose lab previously has led the creation of novel materials made of organic polymers. With the right chemistry, organic polymers self-assemble,
and the researchers used this special ability of polymers to make a mold dotted with precisely shaped and sized nanopores..
Normally, melting amorphous silicon, which has a melting temperature of about 2, 350 degrees, would destroy the delicate polymer mold,
which degrades at about 600 degrees. But the scientists, in collaboration with Michael Thompson, associate professor of materials science and engineering, got around this issue by using extremely short melt periods induced by a laser.
The researchers found the polymer mold holds up if the silicon is heated by laser pulses just nanoseconds long.
but the melt duration is so short the polymer doesn have time to oxidize and decompose.
They essentially tricked the polymer mold into retaining its shape at temperatures above its decomposition point.
Semiconductors like silicon don self-assemble into perfectly ordered structures like polymers Do it almost unheard of to get a 3-D structured single crystal of a semiconductor.
which directed the assembly of a polymer resin. Writing lines in the film with the laser,
as well as semiconductive and conductive polymers to tailor the behavior of natural cotton fibers. he layers were so thin that the flexibility of the cotton fibers is preserved always,
which are coated with a charged polymer layer that helps them adhere to the target microbes,
These materials include activated carbons, zeolites, metal-organic framework materials and certain porous polymers which act as olecular sponges Solid-like behaviour Using inelastic neutron scattering,
string-like polymers storing the genetic information of life and, in a cell, are packed tightly into structures called chromosomes.
However, these devices, often created with nondegradable elastic polymers, bear an inherent risk of intestinal obstruction as a result of accidental fracture or migration.
Now, researchers at MIT Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) have created a polymer gel that overcomes this safety concern
This polymer is ph-responsive: It is stable in the acidic stomach environment but dissolves in the small intestine near-neutral ph,
and folding of devices into easily ingestible capsules meaning this polymer can be used to create safe devices designed for extremely prolonged residence in the stomach. ne of the issues with any device in the GI TRACT is that there the potential for an obstruction,
polymer gel for creating gastric devices. Shiyi Zhang, a postdoc at the Koch Institute, is the paper lead author.
the researchers were interested in developing a polymer with elastic properties. n elastic device can be folded into something small,
But the size and shape of existing devices with elastic polymers have been limited by safety concerns,
Because of this, the researchers wanted their polymer to also be enteric or have a mechanism that would enable it to pass through the stomach unaltered before disintegrating in the intestines. o lower any possible risk of obstruction,
the researchers synthesized an elastic polymer and combined it in solution with a clinically utilized enteric polymer.
Adding hydrochloric acid and centrifuging the solution resulted in a flexible, yet resilient, polymer gel that exhibits both elastic and enteric properties.
The researchers used the gel polycaprolactone (PCL), a nontoxic, degradable polyester, to construct several device prototypes.
the polymer gel dissolved, allowing for the safe passage of the small PCL pieces without obstruction.
Improving adherence The combined enteric and elastic properties of this polymer gel could significantly improve the design and adoption of gastric-resident devices.
With further work in adjusting the polymer composition or the design of the system they say that they could tailor devices to release drugs over a specific timeframe of up to weeks or months at a time.
Ribo-T may be able to be tuned to produce unique and functional polymers for exploring ribosome functions
or producing designer therapeutics and perhaps one day even non-biological polymers. No one has developed ever something of this nature. e felt like there was a small very small chance Ribo-T could work
the mesh is composed of nanoscale metal wires and polymers. Tiny electronic devices, such as sensors and electrode stimulators, can be built into it.
The researchers have been studying bio-based polymers for more than a decade. While they showed some promise,
rubbery polymer with carbon grease electrodes, expand and contract in response to elextric current In a paper in the Journal of the Royal Society Interface,
#Superabsorbent Polymer Blows Up Brain Samples To Give a Better View Researchers have come up with an inexpensive technique for enlarging brain samples
They want to find more substances that can expand the specimens even more. ne thing we want to do is figure out how to expand the polymers even more.
Another priority for us is to build stronger polymers, or find a way of reinforcing them in the expanded state,
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