This change in reflectivity, in turn, switches how nearby erbium ions emit light. As the VO2 changes phase, the erbium emissions go from being generated mostly by magnetic dipole transitions (the rotational torque push
it becomes tinted to about 30 percent light transmittance, and this allows the energy to be captured more efficiently."
"After discharge, the team reports that light transmittance rises to approximately 60 percent.""How did they make the electrodes so thin?
Solar energy heats the zeolite and increases the methanol vapor pressure, the refrigerant is condensed and stored in a tank flowing to the evaporator."
because the metals have an incredibly high melting point. Instead of melting the metals to fuse them,
The scientists studied light scattering from a glass cylinder filled with water. In essence such an experiment represents a two-dimensional analog of a classical problem of scattering from a homogeneous sphere (Mie scattering), the solution to
which is known for almost a century. However, this classical problem contains unusual physics that manifests itself
when materials with high values of refractive index are involved. In the study, the scientists used ordinary water whose refractive index can be regulated by changing temperature.
As it turned out, high refractive index is associated with two scattering mechanisms: resonant scattering, which is related to the localization of light inside the cylinder,
and nonresonant, which is characterized by smooth dependence on the wave frequency. The interaction between these mechanisms is referred to as Fano resonances.
The researchers discovered that at certain frequencies waves scattered via resonant and nonresonant mechanisms have opposite phases
Materials with corresponding refractive index are known either long or can be developed at will,"said Mikhail Rybin, first author of the paper and senior researcher at the Metamaterials Laboratory in ITMO University.
include high permeability polymers, nanomagnets for medical diagnostics applications, materials for the 3d printing of metal articles,
because it reduces the Curie temperature--the temperature above which an alloy loses its permanent magnet properties.
The CNT films made using the microcombing technique had more than twice the tensile strength of the uncombed CNT films--greater than 3 gigapascals for the microcombed material,
causing carrier trapping and scattering, thus harming the carrier transport process. Studying the native defects and their effects on charge transport in a material are hence essential for the performance improvement of a radiation detector.
thus reducing carrier scattering and trapping.""The defect and dielectric properties, combined with other good properties such as large band gap, high density,
"Raman spectroscopy uses the way light interacts with matter to produce'unique scattering,'the equivalent of a molecular fingerprint,
The valleys in the surface roughness typically need to be less than one micron in width, the researchers found.
and without the key surface roughness and submerged them in water. Samples with the nanoscale roughness remained dry for up to four months
"The researchers also report that nature uses the same strategy of surface roughness in certain aquatic insects, such as water bugs and water striders.
which can detect birefringence in histological specimens infected with the malaria parasite, "Coté says.""It's a simple, low-cost,
designing the first on-chip metamaterial with a refractive index of zero, meaning that the phase of light can travel infinitely fast.
and not have a higher thermal expansion coefficient than the metal otherwise the inserts would separate from the substrate.
you would observe a change in the light scattering from the nanogap that would correspond to
#Random Light Scattering Enhances The Resolution Of Wide-Field Optical Microscope Images Researchers at the UT-research institute MESA+have developed a method to improve the resolution of a conventional wide-field optical microscope.
In many materials random scattering takes place. NEW METHOD Randomly scattered laser light appears as a finely grained speckle pattern as a result of interference of many scattered light paths.
and the laser light is shone upon the scattering surface. The lens creates a speckle pattern that can be scanned on the object.
The CNT films made using the microcombing technique had more than twice the tensile strength of the uncombed CNT films greater than 3 gigapascals for the microcombed material
of which was to investigate the scattering of pulsars--the cores of dead stars--by interstellar gas.
I was surprised quite to find that the effect of scattering produced images with small lumps in the overall smooth image explained Gwinn.
The theory and observations allow us to make statements about the interstellar gas responsible for the scattering
There are different ways of interpreting observations of the scattering and we showed that one of them is right
In recent years carbon nanotubes have emerged as a promising material of electron field emitters owing to their nanoscale needle shape and extraordinary properties of chemical stability thermal conductivity and mechanical strength.
If the glasses are heated they expand at different rates--experts speak here of the thermal expansion coefficients (TEC) for the respective Glass in order for the imprints to not flake off they have to expand similar to the glass on
Silver has a relatively high melting point--962 degrees Celsius or 1763 degrees Fahrenheit--so observation of any liquidlike behavior in its nanoparticles was unexpected quite Li says.
Hints of the new phenomenon had been seen in earlier work with tin which has a much lower melting point he says.
This results in a lower heat development and thus reduces the material's hysteresis loss says Dr. Andreas Wetzig who heads the laser ablation
In a further effort to reduce hysteresis loss in electrical steel the researchers have started recently working with a new type of solid-state laser:
It cuts hysteresis loss by up to 15 percent compared with the 10 percent normally achieved until now.
Recently, the A*STAR team demonstrated that laser surface melting of these alloys enhances their corrosion resistance as a result of a notable enhancement in the surface concentration of aluminum.
NRL researchers then can exploit the increased surface potential of nanoparticles for surface energy-driven densification without coarsening.
Niobium also has a very high melting point nearly 2 500 degrees Celsius so devices made from these nanowires could potentially be suitable for use in high-temperature applications.
lowering the surface tension and allowing it to flow easily, while a negative voltage removes this oxide layer,
where the length of the mercury column in a capillary is controlled by the thermal expansion of the mercury in a reservoir connected to the capillary.
The ceramic has a high refractive index, and the Teflon has a low refractive index. When combined, they create a metamaterial, capable of bending light in unusual ways.
The team also varied the height of the cylinders by a small amount, in a pattern devised by their computer.
This includes changing the refractive index, the electrical conductivity, the magnetic susceptibility and so on. What these guys are proposing is an entirely new form of manufacturing based on clever chemistry and the powerful technique of self-assembly.
It changes its reflectivity in response to heat from concentrated sunlight in a way that makes it possible capture light coming in at different angles throughout the day.
and then uses surface tension to pick up the rod. A third robot visits a glue station,
and high tensile strength. Thomas Martzall, owner of taulman 3d, says of the quality that Eastman Amphora brings,
The surface tension of the liquid shell around the encapsulated droplets caused it to itself form a drop.
Canatu CNB#Films have 97%optical transmittance at a sheet resistivity of 150 ohms/square and 95%at 100 ohms/square.
#OSU Scientists Use Microreactor to Create Silver nanoparticles at Room temperature for Printed Electronics There may be broad applications in microelectronics, sensors, energy devices, low emissivity coatings and even transparent displays.
could be solar cells, printed circuit boards, low-emissivity coatings, or transparent electronics. A microchannel applicator used in the system will allow the creation of smaller, more complex electronics features.
Refractive index changed from the outsidein order to control the power of the light that exits the device,
A change in phase can result from a difference in the refractive index, which determines the speed of the waves.
whose refractive index can be changed from the outside, the relative phase of the two waves can be controlled
By applying a voltage the refractive index and hence the velocity of the plasmons in one arm of the interferometer can be varied,
whose refractive index changes when an electric voltage is applied and that thus modulates the plasmons inside the interferometer.
which means that the skin's permeability value needs to be known. In order to establish this the blood sugar value has to be determined via a blood sample and the glucose concentration on the skin measured.
Based on these readings the permeability can then be calculated and the sensor calibrated. Glucolight spares the premature babies blood samples
and additional data for analysis of signal scattering and reflections to help researchers develop network protocols that account for distortions.
the fuel must have the right boiling point distribution, and then it has to have called properties lubricity,
the process can excite vibrational modes of these molecules and produce inelastic scattering, also called Raman scattering, of light.
While rich in details, the signal from scattering is weak and difficult to read without a very powerful laser.
the liquid begins to flow into the tube, pulled by a combination of surface tension in the liquid and adhesion between the liquid and the walls of the tube.
New alloy has highest melting point of any known metal at 4, 126°C a new material with a higher melting point than any other known substance has been invented by scientists.
The exotic alloy, which is a combination of the rare metal hafnium, carbon and nitrogen, would only begin to melt into a liquid at temperatures of more than 4, 126°C (7,
460°F)- two thirds the temperature of the surface of the sun. The extreme melting point makes the metal a candidate for creating a real-life version of adamantium the almost indestructible fictional metal used to make Wolverine's claws in the X-men
Scientists develop the new material using computer simulations to calculate the optimal composition that would give the material its record breaking melting point.
and tested its melting point, the record for highest melting point will remain with a substance made using hafnium, tantalum and carbon (Hf-N-c),
which melts at a temperature 3, 526°C. The researchers calculated the formula for the new alloy (Hf-N-c) by simulating the physical processes that occur at the atomic level when a substance melts.
They found Hf-Ta-C combined a high heat of fusion the energy absorbed or released when it transforms from solid to liquid and low differences in disorder of the atoms,
The behaviour of the atoms as a liquid also determines this melting point. They found their Hf-N-c alloy would absorb similar amounts of energy
They worked out its melting point would be 474°C higher than Hf-Ta-C. Professor van de Walle and Dr Qijun Hong,
Melting point isn't the only property that's important in material applications.''You would need to consider things like mechanical properties and oxidation resistance and all sorts of other properties.'
'So taking those things into account you may want to mix other things with this that might lower the melting point.'
that when heated above its melting point, reacts with the acid, and shifts to its colored form. each roll of paper has 85 feet of paper to print. compact and easy to use,
According to the researchers, the graphene film has a thermal conductivity capacity that is four times that of copper. Significantly the team has developed a graphene film that can be attached to silicon substrates.
The researchers have shown that the in-plane thermal conductivity of the graphene-based film, with 20 micrometer thickness, can reach a thermal conductivity value of 1600 W/mk,
which is four times that of copper. A likely application says Johan Liu is the integration of graphene-based film into LEDS, lasers and radio frequency components for cooling purposes. s
According to the researchers, the graphene film has a thermal conductivity capacity that is four times that of copper. Significantly the team has developed a graphene film that can be attached to silicon substrates.
The researchers have shown that the in-plane thermal conductivity of the graphene-based film, with 20 micrometer thickness, can reach a thermal conductivity value of 1600 W/mk,
which is four times that of copper. A likely application says Johan Liu is the integration of graphene-based film into LEDS, lasers and radio frequency components for cooling purposes n
the team of researchers created hygroscopy-driven artificial muscles (HYDRAS) that exhibit strong hydration-driven actuation.
and has a thermal conductivity capacity that is four times that of copper. A team led by professor Johan Liu from Chalmers University had shown earlier that graphene can have a cooling effect on silicon-based electronics
Moreover, functionalisation using this kind of bonding doubles the thermal conductivity of the graphene. ncreased thermal capacity could lead to several new applications for graphene.
The researchers said the effect could be explained by the lower boiling point of water at high altitude
and the scattering of the signal being reflected back to the receiving card when the person is not in the direct line of sight,
structural insulated panels (SIPS), external insulation and low-emissivity double-glazed aluminum-clad timber frame windows and doors.
The positive voltage lectrochemically deposits an oxide on the surface of the metal that lowers the surface tension,
while a negative voltage removes the oxide to increase the surface tension, Adams said. These differences in surface tension dictate which direction the metal will flow.
This advance makes it possible to emove or regenerate enough of the xide skinwith an applied voltage to make the liquid metal flow into or out of the capillary.
It can withstand extreme high temperatures as well as cryogenic temperatures, providing aerogel-level thermal conductivity and excellent acoustic insulation.
Approximately 1 mm2 dexamethasone (DEX) doped Ppynws was lifted on a single drop of sterile water by surface tension,
surface smoothness and thermal expansion.""You don't want it to expand or shrink too much. Wood is a natural hydroscopic material
CNF actually has a relatively low thermal expansion coefficient.""The group's work also demonstrates a more environmentally friendly process that showed performance similar to existing chips.
The film has a thermal conductivity capacity that is four times that of copper. Moreover, the graphene film is attachable to electronic components made of silicon,
Moreover, functionalisation using silane coupling doubles the thermal conductivity of the graphene. The researchers have shown that the in-plane thermal conductivity of the graphene-based film,
with 20 micrometer thickness, can reach a thermal conductivity value of 1600 W/mk, which is four times that of copper. ncreased thermal capacity could lead to several new applications for graphene,
says Johan Liu.""One example is the integration of graphene-based film into microelectronic devices and systems,
which include a tensile strength 200 times stronger than steel and an electrical mobility that is two to three orders of magnitude better than silicon.
as a result of thermal expansion and contraction processes--are generated. This in turn eliminates the need for multiple postproduction steps."
The smart bandage was able to detect changes in electrical resistance consistent with increased membrane permeability, a mark of a dying cell.
and at the same time absence of toxicity and flammability, and the possibility to recover oil. The creation of this graphene-based oil-adsorbent product, commercialized as Grafysorber,
Moreover, our product, once exhausted after depuration of water, finishes positively its life cycle inside the asphalt and bitumen, introducing new properties as thermal conductivity and mechanical reinforcement.
Synthetic pieces of biological molecule form framework and glue for making nanoparticle clusters and arrays May 25th, 2015nanostructures Increase Corrosion resistance in Metallic Body Implants May 24th, 2015iranian
In the oven used for the synthesis, temperatures stay just below the melting point of tin oxide.
Their discovery that there is a biological solution to a thermoregulatory problem could lead to the development of novel flat optical components that exhibit optimal cooling properties. uch biologically inspired cooling surfaces will have high reflectivity in the solar
The researchers found that the enhanced reflectivity in the solar spectrum and enhanced thermal radiative efficiency have comparable contributions to reducing the body temperature of silver ants by 5 to 10 degrees compared to
Approximately 1-2mm 2 Dexamethasone (DEX) doped Ppynws was lifted on a single drop of sterile water by surface tension,
The nanowire patches adhere to the site of injury through surface tension Gao said. The magnitude and wave form of the electromagnetic field must be tuned to obtain the optimum release of the drug,
The film has a thermal conductivity capacity that is four times that of copper. Moreover, the graphene film is attachable to electronic components made of silicon,
Moreover, functionalisation using silane coupling doubles the thermal conductivity of the graphene. The researchers have shown that the in-plane thermal conductivity of the graphene-based film,
with 20 micrometer thickness, can reach a thermal conductivity value of 1600 W/mk, which is four times that of copper.
Increased thermal capacity could lead to several new applications for graphene, says Johan Liu.""One example is the integration of graphene-based film into microelectronic devices and systems,
Among the other advantages of the use of this nanocomposite in the production of fabrics, mention can be made of creating a delay in flammability,
the process can excite vibrational modes of these molecules and produce inelastic scattering, also called Raman scattering, of light.
While rich in details, the signal from scattering is weak and difficult to read without a very powerful laser.
and to reach the melting point about 50 ps later("Imaging transient melting of a nanocrystal using an X-ray laser").
The color wheel indicates the angle of the fast or slow axis of birefringence. Image: Lehigh University) The article's lead author, Adam Stone, received his Ph d. in materials science and engineering from Lehigh in 2014.
to prevent light from scattering as it is being transmitted and, second, to transmit and manipulate light signals fast enough to handle increasingly large quantities of data.
These scatterings are captured as images by photon detectors inside the machine. From the dizzying cascade of lines
This birefringence can be measured very precisely and is a very sensitive indicator for the shape and orientation of the particle.
and thus a fast Internet, have an inner channel made of glass with a high refractive index, surrounded by a cladding of glass with a low refractive index.
The difference in refractive index ensures that the light beam is reflected at the interface to the cladding.
conducts current better than copper and has good thermal conductivity. Scientists believe that other types of two-dimensional materials may possess even more exotic properties.
The idea behind cloaking is to change the scattering of electromagnetic waves--such as light and radar--off an object to make it less detectable to these wave frequencies.
the liquid begins to flow into the tube, pulled by a combination of surface tension in the liquid and adhesion between the liquid and the walls of the tube.
Refractive index changed from the outside In order to control the power of the light that exits the device,
A change in phase can result from a difference in the refractive index, which determines the speed of the waves.
whose refractive index can be changed from the outside, the relative phase of the two waves can be controlled
By applying a voltage the refractive index and hence the velocity of the plasmons in one arm of the interferometer can be varied,
whose refractive index changes when an electric voltage is applied and that thus modulates the plasmons inside the interferometer.
"meaning the refractive index is near zero, a quality found normally in metals and new"metamaterials,
"If you are operating in the range where your refractive index is low then you can have enhanced an effect,
They found that it changes its optical properties such as transparency, reflectivity and absorptivity instantaneously, while the structure exhibits only a delayed reaction to the excitation.
which is decisive for the optical properties such as transmission, reflectivity and absorptivity. Crystalline and transparent:
Normally the layer of water next to any solid object has high surface tension making it viscous."
the permeability of the blood-brain barrier was more than 50 percent higher in people with mild cognitive impairment.
The color wheel indicates the angle of the fast or slow axis of birefringence. Courtesy of Lehigh University.
to prevent light from scattering as it is being transmitted and, second, to transmit and manipulate light signals fast enough to handle increasingly large quantities of data.
while applying a small negative voltage makes the metal withdraw from the capillary. he positive voltage electrochemically deposits an oxide on the surface of the metal that lowers the surface tension,
while a negative potential removes the oxide to increase the surface tension. These differences in surface tension dictate which direction the metal will flow,
Dr Adams explained. his advance makes it possible to remove or regenerate enough of the xide skinwith an applied voltage to make the liquid metal flow into or out of the capillary.
the scientists found that the maximum force of the water striderslegs is always just below the maximum force that water surface tension can withstand.
and gradually increases but that never exceeds the surface tension force of water. As well, the high-speed cameras reveal that the water strider sweeps its legs inward
To reproduce this feat in a surface tension-dominant jumping robot, we elucidated the hydrodynamics involved
They are characterized by a high thermal conductivity and mechanical robustness with a low pressure loss during alternating operation modes.
because with the lower surface tension we expect less risk of head flattening and less risk for pressure ulcers."
and block light Researchers from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have demonstrated experimentally for the first time the phenomenon of Brillouin Scattering Induced Transparency (BSIT)
Brillouin-Mandelstam scattering originally discovered in the early 1920s is the coupling of light waves and sound waves through electrostrictive optical forces and acousto-optic scattering.
and even plasmas stated Junhwan Kim a graduate student at Illinois and first author of the paper Nonreciprocal Brillouin Scattering Induced Transparency appearing in the journal Nature Physics.
Once heating to close to their melting point the gold discs--diameter one micron-don't spread out over the surface
resulting in devices showing hysteresis-free photovoltaic response, which had been a fundamental bottleneck for stable operation of perovskite devices."
which means that the skin's permeability value needs to be known. In order to establish this, the blood sugar value has to be determined via a blood sample and the glucose concentration on the skin measured.
Based on these readings, the permeability can then be calculated and the sensor calibrated. A different method to previous sensors Glucolight spares the premature babies blood samples
Preventing reflections requires controlling an abrupt change in"refractive index, "a property that affects how waves such as light propagate through a material.
Adding a coating with an intermediate refractive index at the interface eases the transition between materials
The resulting surface nanotexture served to gradually change the refractive index to drastically cut down on reflection of many wavelengths of light simultaneously, regardless of the direction of light impinging on the solar cell."
However the lifetime of this kind of component is reduced greatly due to the fact that the thermal expansion coefficients of these elements are significantly different from that of silicon.
and are limited in their ability to image large samples by optical scattering and other aberrations.
and the hysteresis in the current-voltage curves depending on the direction of the voltage sweeps.
to prevent light from scattering as it is being transmitted and, second, to transmit and manipulate light signals fast enough to handle increasingly large quantities of data.
In this new research, the authors aimed to determine changes in gut barrier function (as determined by intestinal permeability and antimicrobial peptide concentrations) as well as disease markers in CD, in response to Vitamin d supplementation.
that patients treated with the supplementation were more likely to maintain their intestinal permeability, whereas this deteriorated in the placebo group.
Increased intestinal permeability is considered a measure of gut leakiness which is shown to predict and precede clinical relapse in CD.
"This is the first reporting of effects of Vitamin d supplementation on intestinal permeability and antimicrobial peptide measures in a CD cohort.
"This birefringence can be measured very precisely and is a very sensitive indicator for the shape and orientation of the particle.""
such as seawater, reduce the surface tension. In the case of oil spills, when they are added along the periphery of an oil spill slick,
and has relatively low thermal expansion coefficient, which means the material won't change shape as the temperature changes.
NIST researchers deduced the internal shape, thermal expansion, and volume of a 300 liter collection tank by measuring which microwave frequencies resonated (formed standing waves) within the evacuated tank.
surface smoothness and thermal expansion. ou don want it to expand or shrink too much. Wood is a natural hydroscopic material
CNF actually has a relatively low thermal expansion coefficient. The group work also demonstrates a more environmentally friendly process that showed performance similar to existing chips.
In the normal non-superconducting phase, the electrons in most metals move independentlyhe scattering of electrons causes electrical resistance.
or its reflectivity. But by arranging the distribution of the hard particles, it can also be used to produce highly complex surface textures for example,
have the right boiling point distribution and lubricity, and a very low pour point, meaning the fuel can become gelatinous in the cold temperatures of the stratosphere,
The nanowire patches adhere to the site of injury through surface tension, Gao said. The magnitude and wave form of the electromagnetic field must be tuned to obtain the optimum release of the drug
and release a large amount of heat energy (230 kj L#1). This heat energy stored is large at approximately 70%of the latent heat energy of water at its melting point.
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011