They specifically concentrated on the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide on metal electrodes ecause of the current interest in this process for sustainable production of fuels and value added chemicals,
such as reducing carbon dioxide to convert it into a usable fuel, Surendranath says. This could reduce emissions of a principal greenhouse gas that fosters climate change,
and transform it into a useful, renewable fuel. The initial finding described in this paper is ust one piece of
and electricity at a low cost from fuel found in water. Both heating generators and generators for electricity could be developed within a few years,
using high efficiency solar cells to power water electrolysis("A 24.4%solar to hydrogen energy conversion efficiency by combining concentrator photovoltaic modules and electrochemical cells").
"This is a significant step toward the substitution of fossil fuels with solar hydrogen. Increased demand for hydrogen as a clean fuel for vehicles and other applications is anticipated,
but it is produced currently from fossil fuel. In order to increase Japan use of renewable energy at a substantial fraction in the total energy demand, it is vital to develop technologies for the high efficiency
and low cost production of hydrogen using solar energy. Conventional approaches to solar hydrogen production using photocatalysts achieved a solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion efficiency of less than 10,
%requiring improvements for real-world applications. The research group of Associate professor Masakazu Sugiyama and Project Professor Katsushi Fujii (Graduate school of Engineering
%The researchers also reduced energy loss by improving the connection between the CPV modules and electrolyzers, resulting in a solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion efficiency above 24%.
which blocks fire's access to its fuel source--the polymer. The synergistic combination of both these processes makes polydopamine an attractive and powerful flame retardant.
a pollutant gas commonly found in vehicle exhaust that also results from fossil fuel combustion. Prolonged exposure to nitrogen dioxide can be dangerous to human health,
Potentially, hydrogen could be transported to other locations and burned as fuel.""In theory, this should be a self-sustaining energy source,
and you do need not a large amount to capture enough sunlight to carry out fuel generation
#Ultrasensitive sensors made from boron-doped graphene Ultrasensitive gas sensors based on the infusion of boron atoms into graphene--a tightly bound matrix of carbon atoms--may soon be possible, according to an international team of researchers
Although fracking has unlocked new fuel sources and slashed energy prices, there is a risk that toxic compounds in the fracking fluid can get into shallow aquifers via fractures in the bedrock.
Instead of chemical fuel, which is heavy and inefficient, they use an ionic liquid, made entirely of positively or negatively charged ions.
using up all the fuel without corroding the spacecraft. his is one of the other show stoppers we had at the beginning:
Liquid fuel and a liquid oxidizer combine within a combustion chamber and ignite. Ultimately its this combustion that thrusts the rocket forward.
requiring extra hardware and additional fuel. But with Rutherford, the engines turbopumps get a much more condensed energy source.
Using the sun instead of fossil fuels to power a desalination plant isn't a totally new idea.
"including the insertion of the aluminum"fuel"(b) and movement/fusion of gallium alloy droplets (e). Tsinghua University scientists led by Jing Liu,
The ability of liquid metal with its own embedded power source could even one day be the basis to build self repairing armor on tanks and changing aircraft fuselages for fuel efficiency and speed.
We import 94%of our energy as fossil fuels from abroad and that has big consequences for our state budget,
el-Haite told the Guardian. e also used to subsidise fossil fuels which have a heavy cost,
Already envisaged scenarios include its use as fuel for vehicles or for producing carbon-based energy carriers.
#A better way to pack natural gas into fuel tanks A new and innovative way to store methane could speed the development of natural gas-powered cars that don require the high pressures
or cold temperatures of today compressed or liquefied natural gas vehicles. Natural gas is cleaner-burning than gasoline,
and today there are more than 150,000 compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles on the road in the U s, . most of them trucks and buses. But until manufacturers can find a way to pack more methane into a tank at lower pressures and temperatures,
allowing for a greater driving range and less hassle at the pump, passenger cars are unlikely to adopt natural gas as a fuel.
UC Berkeley chemists have developed now a porous and flexible material so-called metal-organic framework (MOF) or storing methane that addresses these problems.
the main ingredient of natural gas, at 35 to 65 times atmospheric pressure (500 to 900 psi),
whereas compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles compress natural gas into an empty tank under 250 atmospheres (3, 600 psi).
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) vehicles operate at lower pressures but require significant insulation in the tank system to maintain the natural gas at minus-162 degrees Celsius (minus-260 degrees Fahrenheit)
so that it remains liquid. Next-gen NG vehicles Long said that next-generation natural gas vehicles will require a material that binds the methane and packs it more densely into the fuel tank, providing a larger driving range.
One of the major problems has been finding a material that absorbs the methane at a relatively low pressure,
are one of the most promising materials for adsorbed natural gas (ANG) storage. his is a big advance both in terms of capacity and thermal management,
so there is less cooling of the fuel required. f you fill a tank that has adsorbent, such as activated charcoal,
Improving onboard natural-gas storage Natural gas from oil wells is one of the cheapest and cleanest fossil fuels today,
however, because of the expensive and large onboard compressed fuel tanks. In addition, gasoline packs over three times the energy density per volume as natural gas
even when compressed to 3, 600 psi, which results in natural gas vehicles with a shorter driving range per fill up.
In order to advance onboard natural gas storage, Ford motor company teamed up with UC Berkeley on this project, with funding from the Advanced Research Projects Agencynergy (ARPA-E) of the U s. Dept of energy.
Ford is a leader in CNG/propane-prepped vehicles with more than 57,000 sold in the U s. since 2009, more than all other major U s. automakers combined.
station compressors and fuel along with serving to increase natural gas-powered vehicle driving range within the limited cargo space. atural gas storage in porous materials provides the key advantage of being able to store significant amounts of natural gas at low pressures
than compressed gas at the same conditions, said Veenstra, the principal investigator of this ARPA-E project. he advantage of low pressure is the benefit it provides both onboard the vehicle and off-board at the station.
and hydrogen fuel cells,"said Yugang Sun, a nanoscience scientist in Argonne's Nanoscience and Technology Div."
Mos2 is a common industrial catalyst that is used as a dry lubricant and in petroleum refining.
but its high-cost and scarcity limit its widespread use for hydrogen production and in hydrogen fuel cells.
Such a high energy density would be comparable to that of gasoline -and would enable an electric car with a battery that is a fifth the cost and a fifth the weight of those currently on the market to drive from London to Edinburgh on a single charge.
there are several practical challenges that need to be addressed before lithium-air batteries become a viable alternative to gasoline.
inexpensive fuel from water An inexpensive method for generating clean fuel is the modern-day equivalent of the philosopher's stone.
and oxygen and then harvest the hydrogen for use as fuel. But splitting water efficiently turns out to be not so easy.
#Energy-efficient reaction drives biofuel conversion technology A new study from the U s. Dept of energy (DOE)' s Oak ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) explains the mechanism behind a technology that converts bio
-based ethanol into hydrocarbon blend-stocks for use as fossil fuel alternatives. Scientists have experimented for decades with a class of catalysts known as zeolites that transform alcohols such as ethanol into higher-grade hydrocarbons.
As ORNL researchers were developing a new type of zeolite-based conversion technology, they found the underlying reaction unfolds in a different manner than previously thought."
"For 40 years, everyone thought that these reactions must go first from ethanol to ethylene,
"It has been assumed that you must go from ethanol to ethylene, which is endothermic and requires energy.
Uncovering the mechanism behind the reaction helps support the potential economic viability of ORNL's direct biofuel-to-hydrocarbon conversion approach."
"Our method of direct conversion of ethanol offers a pathway to produce suitable hydrocarbon blend-stock that may be blended at a refinery to yield fuels such as gasoline, diesel and jet fuel or commodity chemicals,
By reducing wasted food in landfills, we cut harmful methane emissions that fuel climate change, conserve our natural resources,
One day he realized that no matter how fuel efficient or how few tailpipe emissions the modern car has,
Even the most fuel efficient car has a large carbon footprint before ever leaving the plant. Czinger and his team's approach was to take the large plant out of the equation.
The Blade is fitted with a 700 horse power engine that runs on natural gas, reducing its carbon footprint even further.
and the University of Bristol in the UK studied the response of cancer cells to reduced availability of glucose, the main fuel source for most cancer cells.
Alternative fuels for cancer cells The group also found evidence of increased PEPCK levels in tissues from lung-cancer patients."
"Our work shows that cancers can use alternative fuel sources to help drive their growth under stressful conditions,"notes Prof.
as well as producing'electrolyte fuels'that might be used to power future electric vehicles,"one of the team,
and natural gas, giving up coal isn't as big a deal as it would be for other countries(*cough*Australia, the United states*cough),
The power station itself will continue to run on natural gas for the foreseeable future. Over the past year and a half, New zealand has increased significantly the amount of electricity it produces from renewable energy,
and for the first time in 40 years, geothermal electricity generation contributed more electricity than natural gas during 2014, "Bridges announced to the press."
#The UK is trialling a new road surface that charges your electric car as you drive One of the problems with being on the cutting edge of electric car technology is you're not as sure of being able to find a filling station as all the petrol-burning drivers around you.
and cut down on fuel costs for drivers at the same time. With the European union imposing fines for countries that don't meet emission targets
say researchers Figures indicate that the world uptake of renewable energy has eclipsed finally its demand for fossil fuel sources,
clean and renewable source of hydrogen as the ultimately sustainable fuel, said Leone Spiccia, lead author of the research,
and we can have distributed food and fuel across the planet, he told Hall at the ABC
I guess until the rest of the world catches up with Sweden-which btw is also making moves to become the world's first fossil fuel-free nation-we'll all just have to move there v
It plans to start selling CO2-based synthetic fuels by 2018.""It's now possible to take CO2 out of the atmosphere,
to produce net zero emission fuels, "company chief executive Adrian Corless told the AFP. Funded by private investors,
direct air capture works just like these new solar cells that split water into a hydrogen fuel-the CO2 recycling plant extracts CO2 from the air using a giant complex of fans,
and either heated to between 800 and 900 degrees Celsius to release pure carbon for use as fuel,
According to CBC News, the larger plant should be able to produce up to 400 litres of gasoline
because it turns the CO2 into fuel, no change in infrastructure will be needed to power big fuel-guzzlers such as ships, planes,
and long-haulage trucks. Even existing petrol pumps can work with the fuel. A major limitation of solar and wind technologies, on the other hand, is that they require specific technologies to capture
and disperse energy.""The nice thing about the technology is that there are no real limitations for it to ultimately,
in theory, displace all of the existing fossil-based transportation fuels, "Corless said. Going forward, the most important thing for Carbon Engineering to figure out is how to be commercially viable.
"said Lonnie O. Ingram, director of the Florida Center for Renewable Chemicals and Fuels at the University of Florida,
Unlike other hydrogen fuel production methods that rely on highly processed sugars, the Virginia Tech team used dirty biomass--the husks and stalks of corn plants--to create their fuel.
This not only reduces the initial expense of creating the fuel it enables the use of a fuel source readily available near the processing plants,
making the creation of the fuel a local enterprise. Rollin used a genetic algorithm along with a series of complex mathematical expressions to analyze each step of the enzymatic process that breaks down corn stover into hydrogen and carbon dioxide.
He also confirmed the ability of this system to use both sugars glucose and xylose at the same time,
which increases the rate at which the hydrogen is released. Typically in biological conversions, these two sugars can only be used sequentially, not simultaneously
One of the biggest hurdles to widespread hydrogen use is the capital cost required to produce the fuel from natural gas in large facilities.
The dominant current method for producing hydrogen uses natural gas, which is expensive to distribute and causes fossil carbon emissions.
enzymatic reactions such as those being used in this system generate high-purity hydrogen, perfect for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.
"We believe this exciting technology has the potential to enable the widespread use of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles around the world
and displace fossil fuels, "Rollin said d
#First metal-free catalyst created for rechargeable zinc-air batteries Zinc-air batteries are expected to be safer, lighter, cheaper and more powerful and durable than lithium-ion batteries common in mobile phones and laptops and increasingly used in hybrid and electric cars.
However, in prostate cancer cells, Runx2 triggered genes that fuel tumor growth and metastasis."It's unusual that a protein
including biodegradable plastics, pharmaceutical drugs and even liquid fuels. Scientists with the U s. Department of energy (DOE)' s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the University of California (UC) Berkeley have created a hybrid system of semiconducting nanowires and bacteria
and oil industry in that we can produce chemicals and fuels in a totally renewable way, rather than extracting them from deep below the ground."
Atmospheric carbon dioxide is now at its highest level in at least three million years, primarily as a result of the burning of fossil fuels.
Yet fossil fuels, especially coal, will remain a significant source of energy to meet human needs for the foreseeable future.
The yields of target chemical molecules produced from the acetate were also encouraging--as high as 26-percent for butanol, a fuel comparable to gasoline, 25-percent for amorphadiene, a precursor to the antimaleria drug artemisinin,
in the production of biofuels--have been produced in the reactor. Following synthesis, magnets used as catalysts can be gathered efficiently in
#Sensor detects spoilage of food VTT has developed a sensor that detects ethanol in the headspace of a food package.
Ethanol is formed as a result of food spoilage. The sensor signal is wirelessly readable, for instance, by a mobile phone.
The sensor monitors ethanol emitted from the spoilage of foods into the headspace of a package.
Ethanol, in addition to carbon dioxide, was found to be the main volatile spoilage metabolite in fresh-cut fruit.
This ethanol sensor can have potential in other applications, such as in alcometers. The sensor layer is part of a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag,
A similar optical readout based on the colour change of the ethanol sensor was developed also for a smartphone.
#Artificial leaf harnesses sunlight for efficient fuel production Generating and storing renewable energy, such as solar or wind power, is a key barrier to a clean energy economy.
a cost-effective method of producing fuels using only sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide, mimicking the natural process of photosynthesis in plants
and storing energy in the form of chemical fuels for use on demand. Over the past five years, researchers at JCAP have made major advances toward this goal,
safe, integrated solar-driven system for splitting water to create hydrogen fuels.""This result was a stretch project milestone for the entire five years of JCAP as a whole,
The new solar fuel generation system, or artificial leaf, is described in the August 24 online issue of the journal Energy and Environmental science.
and materials components needed for an integrated solar fuels generator.""The new system consists of three main components:
the membrane lets the hydrogen fuel be collected separately under pressure and safely pushed into a pipeline.
so cannot be used to directly generate fuel. A major advance that allowed the integrated system to be developed was previous work in Lewis's laboratory,
The new complete solar fuel generation system developed by Lewis and colleagues uses such a 62.5-nanometer-thick Tio2 layer to effectively prevent corrosion
Another key advance is the use of active, inexpensive catalysts for fuel production. The photoanode requires a catalyst to drive the essential water-splitting reaction.
converts 10 percent of the energy in sunlight into stored energy in the chemical fuel,
"Our work shows that it is indeed possible to produce fuels from sunlight safely and efficiently in an integrated system with inexpensive components,
Uranium plays an important role in the search for alternative energies to fossil fuels; however, uranium resources on land are limited.
#Artificial'plants'could fuel the future Imagine creating artificial plants that make gasoline and natural gas using only sunlight.
And imagine using those fuels to heat our homes or run our cars without adding any greenhouse gases to the atmosphere.
By combining nanoscience and biology, researchers led by scientists at University of California, Berkeley, have taken a big step in that direction.
Peidong Yang, a professor of chemistry at Berkeley and co-director of the school's Kavli Energy Nanosciences Institute, leads a team that has created an artificial leaf that produces methane, the primary component of natural gas
that yielded butanol, a component in gasoline, and a variety of biochemical building blocks. The research is a major advance toward synthetic photosynthesis,
however, synthetic photosynthesis seeks to produce liquid fuels that can be stored for months or years and distributed through existing energy infrastructure.
"Burning fossil fuels is putting carbon dioxide into the atmosphere much faster than natural photosynthesis can take it out.
#Artificial'plants'could fuel the future The developer of a new technology that turns sunlight into liquid fuel,
Imagine creating artificial plants that make gasoline and natural gas using only sunlight. And imagine using those fuels to heat our homes
or run our cars without adding any greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. By combining nanoscience and biology, researchers led by scientists at University of California,
Berkeley, have taken a big step in that direction. Peidong Yang a professor of chemistry at Berkeley and co-director of the school's Kavli Energy Nanosciences Institute, leads a team that has created an artificial leaf that produces methane,
the primary component of natural gas, using a combination of semiconducting nanowires and bacteria. The research, detailed in the online edition of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in August, builds on a similar hybrid system, also recently devised by Yang and his colleagues,
that yielded butanol, a component in gasoline, and a variety of biochemical building blocks. The research is a major advance toward synthetic photosynthesis
however, synthetic photosynthesis seeks to produce liquid fuels that can be stored for months or years and distributed through existing energy infrastructure.
"Burning fossil fuels is putting carbon dioxide into the atmosphere much faster than natural photosynthesis can take it out.
#Biodiesel made easier, cleaner with waste-recycling catalyst Researchers at Cardiff University have devised a way of increasing the yield of biodiesel by using the waste left over from its production process.
Using simple catalysis, the researchers have been able to recycle a non-desired by-product produced when biodiesel is formed from vegetable oil,
and convert this into an ingredient to produce even more biodiesel. It is believed this new process will have significant environmental benefits by improving the yield of biodiesel in a sustainable way that doesn't require the use of additional fossil fuels
and could potentially reduce the costs of the biodiesel production process. The results have been published in the journal Nature Chemistry.
By 2020, the EU aims to have 10 per cent of the transport fuel of every EU country come from renewable sources such as biofuels.
Fuel suppliers are required also to reduce the greenhouse gas intensity of the EU fuel mix by 6 per cent by 2020 in comparison to 2010.
At present, biodiesel is produced by combining fats and oils with methanol, which is derived usually from fossil fuels.
A waste product from this process is crude glycerol which is formed on a large scale and contains many impurities that make it costly to purify
and reuse in other areas. In their study, the researchers, from the Cardiff Catalysis Institute, developed a way of turning the crude glycerol back into methanol,
which could then be used as a starting reactant to create more biodiesel. To achieve this, the researchers reacted glycerol with water,
to provide the element hydrogen, and a magnesium oxide (Mgo) catalyst. The reaction involved a simple one-step process
the researchers estimate up to a 10 per cent increase in biodiesel production, which they claim would be very helpful to industry at this point in time.
"Biodiesel manufacture is a growing part of the EU fuel pool, with statutory amounts being required to be added to diesel that is derived from fossil fuels."
"We've provided unprecedented chemistry that highlights the potential to manufacture biodiesel in a much more environmentally friendly,
and potentially cheaper, way, by converting an undesired by-product into a valuable chemical that can be reused in the process."
and seriously improve the quality of life by reducing carbon emissions from fossil fuels and encourage efficient use of resources."
"This paper shows how fundamental catalysis research can develop new mild processes to enhance the sustainability of biodiesel.
'First anti-fraud system to use existing credit card readers From large-scale data breaches such as the 2013 Target case to local schemes that use skimming devices to steal data at the gas pump,
#Building a biofuel-boosting Swiss Army knife Researchers at Michigan State university have built a molecular Swiss Army knife that streamlines the molecular machinery of cyanobacteria,
also known as blue-green algae, making biofuels and other green chemical production from these organisms more viable. The team has done in a year
organisms that have many potential uses for making green chemicals or biofuels. The new protein replaces four gene products,
#Energy-efficient reaction drives biofuel conversion technology A new study from the Department of energy's Oak ridge National Laboratory explains the mechanism behind a technology that converts bio-based ethanol into hydrocarbon blend
-stocks for use as fossil fuel alternatives. Scientists have experimented for decades with a class of catalysts known as zeolites that transform alcohols such as ethanol into higher-grade hydrocarbons.
As ORNL researchers were developing a new type of zeolite-based conversion technology, they found the underlying reaction unfolds in a different manner than previously thought."
"For 40 years, everyone thought that these reactions must go first from ethanol to ethylene,
"It has been assumed that you must go from ethanol to ethylene, which is endothermic and requires energy.
Uncovering the mechanism behind the reaction helps support the potential economic viability of ORNL's direct biofuel-to-hydrocarbon conversion approach."
"Our method of direct conversion of ethanol offers a pathway to produce suitable hydrocarbon blend-stock that may be blended at a refinery to yield fuels such as gasoline, diesel and jet fuel or commodity chemicals,
With a few key changes, the researchers used a noninvasive ultrasonic technique originally developed to detect microscopic flaws in solid fuel rockets, such as space shuttle boosters,
#Saltwater lamp could replace dangerous kerosene lights The majority of inhabitants on the Philippines7000 islands do not have access to electricity.
Instead, they rely primarily on kerosene powered lamps to provide light sources at night, which are not only hazards and pollutants,
SALT IS the latest of a number of devices which could help lessen the reliance on kerosene power in disconnected regions.
and a flatpack biofuel stove. What other sustainable resources could be tapped into for similar purposes
in order to reduce fuel consumption. For most car designers this principally means body parts but the powertrain system,
and resistant to oil, gasoline and glycol in the cooling water. It must also demonstrate good adherence to the metal inserts
including biodegradable plastics, pharmaceutical drugs and even liquid fuels. Scientists with the U s. Department of energy (DOE) Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the University of California (UC) Berkeley have created a hybrid system of semiconducting nanowires and bacteria that mimics
and oil industry in that we can produce chemicals and fuels in a totally renewable way, rather than extracting them from deep below the ground.
Atmospheric carbon dioxide is now at its highest level in at least three million years, primarily as a result of the burning of fossil fuels.
Yet fossil fuels, especially coal, will remain a significant source of energy to meet human needs for the foreseeable future.
a fuel comparable to gasoline, 25-percent for amorphadiene, a precursor to the antimaleria drug artemisinin,
plastics and fuel products. he basic idea is that we want to accelerate evolution to make awesome amounts of valuable chemicals,
#afepay First anti-fraud system to use existing credit card readers From large-scale data breaches such as the 2013 Target case to local schemes that use skimming devices to steal data at the gas pump,
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