The title of the patent, hermotherapy Apparatus for the Treatment and Preventions of Cancer in Male and Female Patients and Cosmetic Ablation of Tissueand is focused a heat apparatus for the treatment and prevention of cancer tissues, specifically breast cancers.
and Preventions of Cancer in Male and Female Patients and Cosmetic Ablation of Tissueand is focused a heat apparatus for,
but also the prevention of cancer tissues and, more specifically, breast cancers. Another embodiment of this patent is for the use of the apparatus for the minimal and noninvasive cosmetic applications specifically to destroy
#For stem cells in 30 minutes just add acid Embryonic stem cells have huge potential in treating everything from cancer to diabetes because of their ability to morph into almost any other type of cell within the human body.
but said It's exciting to think about the new possibilities these findings offer us not only in regenerative medicine but cancer as well.
#RNA fragments may yield rapid, accurate cancer diagnosis An article by Scientific American. Fragments of RNA that cells eject in fatty droplets may point the way to a new era of cancer diagnosis,
potentially eliminating the need for invasive tests in certain cases. Cancer tumor cells shed microvesicles containing proteins and RNA fragments, called exosomes, into cerebral spinal fluid, blood, and urine.
Within these exosomes is genetic information that can be analyzed to determine the cancer s molecular composition and state of progression.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital discovered that exosomes preserve the genetic information of their parent cells in 2008
however exosomes have not seen widespread clinical testing as a means of cancer diagnosis until now.""We have never really been able to detect the genetic components of a tumor by blood
or spinal fluid, says Harvard university neurologist Fred Hochberg.""This is really a new strategy. He says exosome diagnostic tests could potentially detect
and monitor the progression of a wide variety of cancers. He is one of the lead researchers in a multicenter clinical study using new exosomal diagnostic tests developed by New york city-based Exosome Diagnostics to identify a genetic mutation found exclusively in glioma, the most common form of brain cancer.
When treating other forms of cancer, surgeons are able to biopsy tumors to diagnose and monitor the state of the disease.
For brain cancers like glioma, however, multiple biopsies can be life threatening. Bob Carter head of neurosurgery at the University of California, San diego, says well-preserved RNA in blood
and spinal fluid enables researchers to test and monitor for these genetic changes noninvasively. He says study researchers separate exosomes from bio-fluids with a diagnostic kit
and then extract the relevant genomic information. Once the specific cancer mutation is identified, clinicians will periodically draw additional bio-fluids to monitor the mutation levels to determine
whether a patient is responding to therapy. Whereas Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a useful tool, tumors only show up on imaging scans once they are at least one millimeter in diameter
and comprise about 100, 000 tumor cells. By that time, it may be too late for an early intervention.
On the flip side, MRIS can also yield false positives. Hochberg says individuals who have been treated with conventional radiation therapy often have benign residual tissue from dying tumor cells that have been killed by the treatment but
which the body has eliminated not yet. This tissue is mistaken often for tumor growth on a MRI scan."
"You would identify to the patient that the drug is not working when in reality it is doing well,
"On the other hand, having an easily accessible biomarker for glioma would give you a clear response. There are 18 U s. hospitals participating in the clinical trial,
sponsored by the Accelerated Brain Cancer Cure Foundation. Hochberg says study researchers have recruited 41 of 120 patients so far.
Exosomes may be a reliable method of screening for prostate cancer as well. A PSA test is currently the most common, noninvasive means to screen for prostate cancer in the U s. PSA testing measures for elevated levels of prostate specific-antigen antigen,
a protein produced by the prostate gland that is used to liquefy semen in men. The higher a man s PSA level, the more likely it is that he has prostate cancer,
says James Mckiernan, director of urologic oncology at Columbia University Medical center. There are additional reasons, however, for high PSA levels
-and some men with prostate cancer do not always have elevated PSA, he added. In addition, for many cases of prostate cancer, new research published in May 2012 in The New england Journal of Medicine shows that treatment does not actually extend the life of the patient."
"Honestly PSA is not cancer-specific, says Sudhir Srivastava, head of the National Cancer Institute s Cancer Biomarkers Research Group."
"Exosomes could be very much more cancer specific. PSA might give you one specific biomarker for cancer identification,
but exosomes can give you an entire disease specific profile so you would know whether or not it is a form of prostate cancer that necessitates treatment.
Researchers at Exosome have developed a diagnostic kit for prostate cancer with a diagnostic accuracy of around 75 percent-a rate comparable with that of actually taking a tissue biopsy,
says Wayne Comper, a renal physiologist and chief science officer at Exosome. He says the first diagnostic kit could be available commercially by the end of 2013.
Researchers use the kit to look for the genetic biomarker TMPRSS2: ERG or T: E in exosomes taken from a urine sample.
Comper says levels of T: E are nine times higher in a cancerous prostate versus a healthy one.
Mckiernan says researchers found these exosomal diagnostic tests gave better predictive results for cancer than current prescreening methods, such as PSA.
Srivastava says Exosome's prostate kit could prove to be extremely relevant in cancer treatment
what he hopes will be a series of multiple-gene-signature cancer tests.""We are looking for something with about 90 percent accuracy before it can be used by itself for clinical diagnosis,
if the nature of a prostate tumor is severe enough to warrant radical treatment or removal without ever performing a biopsy."
"Exosomes have the potential to really further the detection of cancer and help analyze things that would have otherwise not been detected noninvasively y
and Tibetan medicine for a wide range of conditions including impotence, asthma and cancer. The peculiar life cycle of the fungus has earned also it the names'winter worm, summer grass'and'caterpillar fungus'.
as other cellular reprogramming events have been shown in cancers and metabolic diseases, says Sheng Ding, a stem-cell biologist at the Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular disease in San francisco, California.
Mir-7 targets have been linked to cancer and Parkinson s disease. Hansen s team found that expression of the circular RNA blocked the blockers.
#Small-molecule drug drives cancer cells to suicide Cancer researchers have pinned down a molecule that can kick-start the body s own tumour-destroying systems,
which has long been a target for cancer researchers looking for drugs that would avoid the debilitating effects of conventional therapies."
This is by no means the only mechanism thought to trigger cell death in cancer. In particular, cancer researchers have been developing a number of drugs,
including TRAIL-based therapeutics, that work by activating the cellular messenger tumour protein 53 (p53).
so in order to develop new therapeutics for cancer, one needs them to be effective in tumours with mutated p53,
The potential for TRAIL to usher in a new age in cancer therapy was identified first in the mid-1990s3.
they were not very successful at treating cancer, says Andrew Thorburn, an oncologist at the University of Colorado Denver,
The discovery suggests new approaches to combat antibiotic resistance and boost the power of cancer therapies,
says Michel Sadelain, a researcher at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New york and an author of the study.
#Carl June, an immunologist at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia and a pioneer in engineering T cells to fight cancer, says that he is surprised that the method worked so well against such a swift-growing cancer.
is to move the technique out of the boutique academic cancer centres that developed it and into multicentre clinical trials."
and cancer biologists that this new kind of immunotherapy can work, he says. Oncologist Renier Brentjens, also at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, remembers the day that he had to tell one of the patients in the trial that the weeks of high-dose chemotherapy the 58-year-old man had endured had worked not after all."
"It was painful to have that conversation, says Brentjens.""He tells me now it was the worst news he has heard ever in his life.
The treatment had driven his cancer into remission#as it did for the other four patients in the trial
and faces an untested path to regulatory approval, says Steven Rosenberg, head of the tumour immunology section at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland.
And Sadelein says that he is an investigator on a trial with the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston
Several compounds that affect TBK1 signaling have already been developed for use in cancer, where the gene is thought to play a role in tumor-cell survival. his is a great example of the potential of precision medicine,
said Tom Maniatis, Phd, the Isidore S. Edelman Professor, chair of biochemistry and molecular biophysics,
including the European Research Council, the Swedish Research Council, the Swedish Cancer Society, the EU Seventh Framework Programme, the Swedish Society of Medicine, the Swedish Brain Fund, Karolinska Institutet strategic programme for neuroscience (Stratneuro), the Human Frontier Science Program
#What Autism Can Teach Us About Brain Cancer Both disorders involve faults in the same protein.
Applying lessons learned from autism to brain cancer, researchers at The Johns hopkins university have discovered why elevated levels of the protein NHE9 add to the lethality of the most common and aggressive form of brain cancer, glioblastoma.
Their discovery suggests that drugs designed to target NHE9 could help to successfully fight the deadly disease.
A summary of their work in human tumor cells and mice will be published on Feb 9 in the journal Nature Communications. y laboratory research on cargo transport inside the cells of patients with autism has led to a new strategy
for treating a deadly brain cancer says Rajini Rao, Ph d, . a professor of physiology at the Johns hopkins university School of medicine. his is a great example of the unexpected good that can come from going wherever the science takes us.
the researchers examined NHE9 in tumor cells from several patients. Cells with low levels of NHE9 grew the slowest, the team found,
. And this was confirmed when the tumor cells, which were manipulated to have high or low NHE9, were transplanted into the brains of mice.
NHE9 is overactive in brain cancer, causing endosomes to leak too many protons and become too alkaline.
This slows down the hipping rateof cancer-promoting cargo and leaves them on the cell surface for too long.
which maintains cancer-promoting signals at the cell surface and helps tumors become more robust
so they grow and move faster. It is also found at elevated levels in more than one-half of patients with glioblastomas.
Lab-grown tumor cells were killed more readily when treated with both a drug countering NHE proteins
or understand how cancer cells are organized in a metastasizing tumor, or how immune cells are configured in an autoimmune attack,
other possible applications for this technique include studying tumor metastasis and angiogenesis (growth of blood vessels to nourish a tumor),
or visualizing how immune cells attack specific organs during autoimmune disease i
#Gene Breakthrough Sparks Fear of Homemade Morphine Scientists on Monday said they had unlocked a pathway for producing opiates from genetically engineered yeast
The device taking this fantastic electronic voyage may soon be able to zap tumors, repair damaged spinal cords or even connect parts of the brain like an artificial synapse.
Discovery Newsprevious studies have shown that diseases such as lung and esophageal cancer, asthma and diabetes can be all be detected in the breath.
a cancer biologist at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical center in Dallas. Researchers have used magnets before to levitate whole creatures,
which could allow clinicians to spot rare circulating tumor cells in a patient sample. The device could also distinguish red blood cells from white blood cells,
Researchers could identify which individual cellsrom a tumor or a strain of bacteriaurvive a drug treatment and study them further, something that's not possible with current culture-and-stain tests,
say, within cancerous tumors u
#Eye drops could dissolve cataracts Cataracts cloud the eyes of tens of millions of people around the world and nearly 17.2%of Americans over the age of 40.
says immunologist Jake Estes of the Frederick National Laboratory of the National Cancer Institute (a sister of NIAID) in Frederick,
MIT has a strong record of applying interdisciplinary approaches to large-scale problems from energy to cancer.
Such particles could help scientists to track specific molecules produced in the body monitor a tumor s environment
These particles could also be used to evaluate the level of oxygen radicals in a patient s tumor which can reveal valuable information about how aggressive the tumor is.
We think we may be able to reveal information about the tumor environment with these kinds of probes
The research was funded by the National institutes of health the Department of defense the National Science Foundation and the Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research h
#Better chemotherapy through targeted delivery Every year about 100000 Americans are diagnosed with brain tumors that have spread from elsewhere in the body.
These tumors known as metastases are treated usually with surgery followed by chemotherapy but the cancer often returns.
A new study from MIT Brigham and Women s Hospital and Johns hopkins university suggests that delivering chemotherapy directly into the brain cavity may offer a better way to treat tumors that have metastasized to the brain.
because it s not getting to the brain at a high enough dose for a long enough period of time says Cima who is also a member of MIT s Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research.
We re showing we get much higher degrees of tumor cell death when we deliver the drug locally.
To make sure that enough reaches a tumor very large quantities must be given often producing side effects.
For a few types of cancer doctors have developed more targeted approaches. With ovarian cancer the best results are achieved
when drugs are delivered directly into the abdominal cavity. However this is not widely done because it requires implanting a catheter in the patient for 12 weeks
To overcome these delivery issues Cima s lab is working on small implantable devices to deliver drugs for ovarian cancer and bladder disease as well as brain cancer.
TMZ which is a first-line treatment for brain metastasis and gliomas and doxorubicin a common treatment for breast cancer
Zone of influenceworking with mice implanted with tumors similar to human brain metastases the researchers found that TMZ delivered directly to the brain prolonged survival by several days compared with TMZ administered by injection.
or programmed cell death in tumor cells near the capsules. However doxorubicin delivered to the brain did not perform as well as systemic injection of doxorubicin.
This could be valuable information in designing future versions of this treatment for brain tumors or other cancers he adds.
The properties of the drug molecule have to be taken into account in the design of local therapy that s effective says Cima.
Michael Lim an associate professor of neurosurgery at Johns Hopkins says the new approach seems like a promising way to expand the range of treatments available for brain tumors
Although there are still many hurdles to developing this approach to treat human cancer Cima says he believes it is worth pursuing
because so many cancers particularly those of the breast and lung spread to the brain. The researchers are also working on using this approach to precisely deliver drugs to very small regions of the brain in hopes of developing better treatments for psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders.
For example it could be developed as a method of locating tumor cells within the body by identifying their surface texture perhaps in combination with other characteristics.
#Fast modeling of cancer mutations Sequencing the genomes of tumor cells has revealed thousands of genetic mutations linked with cancer.
However sifting through this deluge of information to figure out which of these mutations actually drive cancer growth has proven to be a tedious time-consuming process.
It s a very rapid and very adaptable approach to make models says Thales Papagiannakopoulos a postdoc at MIT s Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research
what their role is in tumor progression. If we can actually understand the biology we can then go in
This approach could be used to study nearly any gene in many different types of cancer the researchers say.
There has to be a functional way of assessing the role of these cancer-gene candidates as they appear in sequencing studies Sanchez-Rivera says.
Cutting out cancer genescrispr originally discovered by biologists studying the bacterial immune system involves a set of proteins that bacteria use to defend themselves against bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria.
In this study the researchers focused on a type of non-small cell lung cancer called lung adenocarcinoma
Jacks lab has engineered previously mice that conditionally express the Kras oncogene only in the lung leading them to develop lung adenocarcinoma.
The researchers administered these mice with lentiviruses targeting three different genes allowing them to see how each gene cooperates with Kras to influence tumor growth.
Once the tumors develop the researchers can study how aggressive they are how fast they grow
The researchers found that the mice in this study developed very similar tumors to those seen previously in mice with those genes deleted using traditional methods.
whose role in lung cancer is understood not as well revealed that APC loss also drives tumor progression.
Tumors without that gene became much less differentiated and more similar to embryonic cells. To verify these results the researchers also used mice with APC deleted by traditional methods
and found the same types of tumors. This is#a wonderful new example of the power of the CRISPR approach says Anton Berns a professor of molecular genetics at The netherlands Cancer Institute.
It also comes at the right time. The cancer genome sequence initiative provides us with numerous candidate genes that might modulate tumorigenesis
and we need a rapid method to test their contribution. This is precisely what this methodology provides.
Personalized treatmentsthis system could be used in combination with hundreds of existing mouse strains that have been engineered to express known cancer genes allowing researchers to study more thoroughly the interactions of multiple genes.
and brain to model tumors in those regions the researchers say. This method also offers new ways to seek personalized treatments for cancer patients depending on the types of mutations found in their tumors the researchers say.
They envision using this technique to create mice with tumors carrying the same genetic profile as a patient then testing different drugs on them to see which have the best effect.
This opens up a whole new field of being personalized able to do oncology where you can model human mutations
and start treating tumors based on these mutations Papagiannakopoulos says. The research was funded by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute the Ludwig Center for Molecular Oncology at MIT and the National Cancer Institute u
#Big step in battling bladder disease The millions of people worldwide who suffer from the painful bladder disease known as interstitial cystitis (IC) may soon have a better, long-term treatment option, thanks
including bladder cancer. rology hasn gotten really the benefit of improvement in the biotech revolution. This type of technology can revolutionize how we do drug therapy in urology,
including chemotherapy for bladder cancer whose high recurrence rate is due, in part, to difficulties delivering drugs in a sustained way.
Last year, Taris entered a research collaboration with Astrazeneca to develop novel treatments for bladder cancer. his device is a platform
Cima says. hether it bladder cancer, overactive or underactive bladder any of these indications where you might want to deliver drugs right to the bladder it can do that.
such as intraperitoneal chemotherapy delivery to treat ovarian cancer, funded in part by the Bridge Project
and bind with particular molecules within the body such as markers for tumor cells or other disease agents.
For example the coating could have a molecule that binds to a specific type of tumor cells;
so you could see the spatial macroscopic outlines of a tumor he says. The next step for the team is to test the new nanoparticles in a variety of biological settings.
For this study Yanik s team developed a new technology to inject RNA carried by nanoparticles called lipidoids previously designed by Daniel Anderson an associate professor of chemical engineering member of the Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Institute
#Biologists find an early sign of cancer Years before they show any other signs of disease pancreatic cancer patients have very high levels of certain amino acids in their bloodstream according to a new study from MIT Dana-Farber
Cancer Institute and the Broad Institute. This finding which suggests that muscle tissue is broken down in the disease s earliest stages could offer new insights into developing early diagnostics for pancreatic cancer which kills about 40000 Americans every year
What that means for the tumor and what that means for the health of the patient those are long-term questions still to be answered says Matthew Vander Heiden an associate professor of biology a member of MIT s Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research
These findings led us to hypothesize that the increase in branched chain amino acids is due to the presence of an early pancreatic tumor.
Using those mouse models we found that we could perfectly recapitulate these exact metabolic changes during the earliest stages of cancer Vander Heiden says.
This is a finding of fundamental importance in the biology of pancreatic cancer says David Tuveson a professor at the Cancer Center at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory who was involved not in the work.
which has not been seen in other types of cancer occurs in the early stages of pancreatic cancer.
They suspect that pancreatic tumors may be trying to feed their own appetite for amino acids that they need to build cancerous cells.
The findings may also allow scientists to pursue new treatments that would work by targeting tumor metabolism
and cutting off a tumor s nutrient supply Vander Heiden says. MIT s contribution to this research was funded by the Lustgarten Foundation the National institutes of health the Burroughs Wellcome Fund and the Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation n
#Underwater robot for port security Last week at the International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems MIT researchers unveiled an oval-shaped submersible robot a little smaller than a football with a flattened
We re excited about the application of Combigem to probe complex multifactorial phenotypes such as stem cell differentiation cancer biology
Their device, about the size of a dime, could be used to detect the extremely rare tumor cells that circulate in cancer patientsblood,
whether a tumor is going to spread. Separating cells with sound offers a gentler alternative to existing cell-sorting technologies,
To test whether the device could be useful for detecting circulating tumor cells, the researchers tried to separate breast cancer cells known as MCF-7 cells from white blood cells.
the researchers plan to test it with blood samples from cancer patients to see how well it can detect circulating tumor cells in clinical settings.
A 1-milliliter sample of blood may contain only a few tumor cells. f you can detect these rare circulating tumor cells,
it a good way to study cancer biology and diagnose whether the primary cancer has moved to a new site to generate metastatic tumors,
Dao says. his method is a step forward for detection of circulating tumor cells in the body.
It has the potential to offer a safe and effective new tool for cancer researchers, clinicians and patients,
Suresh says. The research was funded by the National institutes of health and the National Science Foundation a
#Unlocking the potential of simulation software With a method known as finite element analysis (FEA), engineers can generate 3-D digital models of large structures to simulate how theyl fare under stress, vibrations, heat,
However delivering these small RNAS to solid tumors remains a significant challenge as the RNAS must target the correct cells
This week in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences researchers at the Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT report that they have delivered successfully small RNA therapies in a clinically relevant mouse model of lung cancer to slow
and shrink tumor growth. Their research offers promise for personalized RNA combination therapies to improve therapeutic response.
and tumor-suppressor gene p53 is deleted researchers injected mice with RNA-carrying nanoparticles. This mouse model reflects many of the hallmarks of human lung cancer
They found that delivery of mir-34a a p53-regulated mirna slowed tumor growth as did delivery of sikras a KRAS-targeting sirna.
Instead of just slowing tumor growth this combination therapy caused tumors to regress and shrink to about 50 percent of their original size.
Potential for personalized cancer treatmentsthis early example of RNA combination therapy demonstrates the potential of developing personalized cancer treatments.
With efficient delivery of therapeutic RNA any individual small RNA or combination of RNAS could be deployed to regulate the genetic mutations underlying a given patient s cancer.
Small-RNA therapy holds great promise for cancer Jacks#says. It is appreciated widely that the major hurdle in this field is efficient delivery to solid tumors outside of the liver
and this work goes a long way in showing that this is achievable. RNA therapies are very flexible
and engineers together to engage in interdisciplinary cancer research. This study is a terrific example of the potential of new RNA therapies to treat disease that was done in a highly collaborative way between biologists
This research was supported by grant funding from the National institutes of health and the National Cancer Institute e
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