"We are working to test drugs'efficacy and safety without jeopardising a patient's health."
The team also demonstrated that the effect of drugs on the lab-grown tissue matched the effect seen in human patients.
and experiment to see which drugs would work best for each person.""The team is already working towards this goal--as well as towards growing the muscle tissue, not from a biopsy,
Meanwhile a fluidic microchannel in the implant delivers neurotransmitting drugs to reanimate the nerve cells beneath the injured tissue.
#Electronic pill that helps you slim by tricking your tummy An electronic pill that tricks the brain into thinking the stomach is full could help tackle obesity.
The experimental pill works in the same way as gastric pacemakers to suppress appetite. A gastric pacemaker is an implant that is surgically placed in the stomach and wired to the vagus nerve.
This mesh stops the pill passing out of the stomach into the bowel. A powerful magnetic patch is applied then to the skin to draw the pill into position over the site where the vagus nerve runs through the abdomen-near the top of the stomach just under the breastbone.
This magnetic patch is worn round the clock and holds the smart pill in place. When it senses muscle contractions that tell it food is entering the stomach,
the pill begins to transmit signals along the nerve to the brain to dampen down appetite.
The pill is designed to disintegrate after three to four weeks. Powerful acid in the stomach dissolves the mesh
and the shell housing the tiny electronics, which then pass harmlessly out of the body as waste.
The patient can be given more pills if they still need to lose weight. The device is expected to enter clinical trials in the next year or so.
although treatments such as maskers (ear-plugs that generate white noise to try to block out tinnitus noise), antidepressants,
'Current methods for testing ICP require procedures to be carried out under sedation or anaesthetic, which means they are limited to the most severe cases
paedophiles and drug dealers in the online underworld The deep web is a hive of illegal activity,
when the FBI made a series of raids on Silk road-an online marketplace described as the'ebay for illegal drugs'.
and patients have to take powerful immunosuppressant drugs -which weaken the immune system to prevent the rejection of a transplant-for life.
then it could be enhanced or supressed with the use of drugs. Dr Poon said: rogrammed cell death occurs throughout life in essentially all tissues in the human body as part of the normal process of development and death,
'Importantly we've also discovered drugs that affect this process so, once we know more,
But despite the drug's legal status in many parts of the world, the debate rages as to
And weaker evidence still that the drug eased nausea and vomiting in chemotherapy patients, sleep disorders,
And there was very-low quality evidence the drug eased anxiety. In addition, Dr Whiting and her team found weak evidence to support the claim that medicinal cannabis has no effect on psychosis,
Meanwhile, the drug was linked with several adverse effects. Notably, cannabinoids were found to cause dizziness, dry mouth, nausea, fatigue, euphoria, vomiting, disorientation, drowsiness, confusion, a loss of balance and hallucination.
#Scientists crack morphine gene in poppies amid homebrew drugs fears Scientists have identified a key gene used by poppies to make morphine.
The discovery paves the way for better methods of producing the medically important drug, potentially without the need for cultivating poppy fields.
The latest finding follows recent success in engineering brewer's yeast to synthesise opiates such as morphine and codeine from a common sugar, boosting the prospect of'home-brew'drug supply.
But whether making morphine in bubbling vats of yeast will be commercially viable-either for drug companies
or criminal gangs-is far from certain, since poppies are very efficient natural factories, researchers say.'
'he told Reuters. That could lead to agricultural production of drugs such as noscapine, a cough-suppressant that may also fight cancer,
as well as improved plant strains with higher yields of morphine. The University of York team worked on the project with scientists from Glaxosmithkline.
opiates have been the go-to drugs for pain relief and they remain the most potent treatments for severe pain,
Morphine and codeine are used directly as painkillers while a third compound, thebaine, is a starting-point for semisynthetic opiates,
The molecular structure of these drugs is so complex that chemists have never been able to produce them from off-the-shelf components.
The gene plays a vital role in the back-to-back steps in the plants'morphine-producing pathway by converting a compound known as (S)- reticuline into a variation called (R)- reticuline u
disease or exposure to certain drugs, including some antibiotics. But it will not help the one to three babies per 1
The new hearts will allow new drugs to be tested, and give researchers a new insight into how the heart develops.
and a drug-screening tool to make pregnancies safer.''We believe it is the first example illustrating the process of a developing human heart chamber in vitro,
'This technology could help us quickly screen for drugs likely to generate cardiac birth defects, and guide decisions about
which drugs are dangerous during pregnancy.''Published in the journal Nature Communications, the researchers used biochemical and biophysical cues to prompt stem cells to differentiate
To test the potential of the system as a drug-screening tool, the researchers exposed the differentiating cells to thalidomide,
a drug known to cause severe birth defects. They found that at normal therapeutic doses, the drug led to abnormal development of microchambers, including decreased size,
problems with muscle contraction and lower beat rates compared with heart tissue that had not been exposed to thalidomide.'
'Each year, as many as 280,000 pregnant women are exposed to drugs with evidence of potential fetal risk.
and the potential for generating cardiac defects is of utmost concern in determining drug safety during pregnancy.'
and other UC Berkeley researchers publicly debuted a system of beating human heart cells on a chip that could be used to screen for drug toxicity.
#This MIT Grad Is Changing Medicine With a Needle-Covered Pill While medical injections are unpleasant and inconvenient, theye also necessary for people with illnesses like diabetes.
Carl Schoellhammer, 28, has created a pill that would render syringes unnecessary. A graduate student at MIT, he recently won $15, 000 at the Lemelson-MIT National Collegiate Student Prize in the health-care category. hen I received the phone call telling me I won,
His prizewinning innovation is the Microneedle Pill (mpill an ingestible capsule covered in microneedles--that is,
The pill allows drugs that are injected typically to be delivered directly into the gastrointestinal tract. he GI TRACT is a dense network of blood capillaries,
Schoellhammer explains. he outer layer is a bit of a barrier so the needles are a nice way to introduce a drug into the tissue
the drug gets into your system faster than it would if administered via injection. Although an image of the pill that was used in testing might remind people of a cactus or a porcupine,
the plan is for the pill to be coated smaller and when it hits the market.
The coating will dissolve in stomach acid, freeing the needles to introduce the medicine. Once the drugs are delivered,
the capsule can pass through the body safely. In the future, though, Schoellhammer hopes he can create the needles out of crystallized sugar.
Needle-covered pills aren the only thing up Schoellhammer sleeve. He working on the Ultrasound Probe (uprobe
or agic bulletto describe new drugs he was working on to cure syphilis and cancer. In theory, such drugs would leave healthy tissue intact
while targeting only the diseased. Psychologists later appropriated this term to describe the phenomenally widespread panic that ensued
DNA microcapsules have been studied for their potential to deliver drugs directly to where theye needed most.
They would have no reason to think differently from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA),
#Device delivers drugs to brain by remote control A new wireless device the width of a human hair can be implanted in the brain
and activated by remote control to deliver drugs. The technology, demonstrated for the first time in mice, may one day be used to treat pain, depression, epilepsy,
researchers made the tiny wireless devices capable of delivering drugs directly into the brain, with the remote push of a button.
it should be possible to manufacture therapeutic drugs that could be activated with light, says co-principal investigator Michael R. Bruchas, associate professor of anesthesiology and neurobiology at Washington University in St louis. ith one of these tiny devices implanted,
we could theoretically deliver a drug to a specific brain region and activate that drug with light as needed.
This approach potentially could deliver therapies that are targeted much more but have fewer side effects. Previous attempts to deliver drugs or other agents
such as enzymes or other compounds, to experimental animals have required the animals to be tethered to pumps
But the new devices were built with four chambers to carry drugs directly into the brain.
By activating brain cells with drugs and with light, the scientists are getting an unprecedented look at the inner workings of the brain.
If we want to influence an animal behavior with light or with a particular drug, we can simply point the remote at the animal
OTHER PARTS OF THE BODY, TOO As part of the study, the researchers showed that by delivering a drug to one side of an animal brain
But the researchers were able to interfere with that light-activated pursuit by remotely controlling the release of a drug that blocks the action of dopamine on its receptors.
the devices contain only four chambers for drugs, but in the future, the researchers hope to incorporate a design much like a printer ink cartridge
so that drugs can continue to be delivered to specific cells in the brain, or elsewhere in the body, for as long as required without the need to replace the entire device.
says Dandekar. ithout drugs, the virus can come back at the same threat level for patients.
The UC Davis team may have succeeded with PEP005, the active ingredient in the FDA-approved anticancer drug PICATO
The findings raise the possibility that drugs recently tested as treatments for fragile X may be ineffective, at least in part,
and cartilage grafts without the need for anti-rejection drugs, and the donor tissue becomes part of the joint.
at the very place where the drugs could be the most effective. This could be a strong model for fighting Parkinson's
#Could cell#backpacks#deliver inflammation drugs? Scientists have created ellular backpacksthat could carry therapeutic agents to the site of inflammation
ASICALLY THE MAIN BENEFIT IS THAT YOU CAN DELIVER THE DRUG IN A MORE EFFECTIVE DOSE However,
we could deliver the drug there, says Mitragotri, who specializes in targeted drug delivery. By taking advantage of natural body processes, researchers at UC Santa barbara and MIT have developed a method of targeting inflamed tissues
creating a way to treat both the inflammation and its underlying cause. t a cell-mediated approach to targeted drug delivery,
says grad student researcher Aaron Anselmo, lead author of a study in the current issue of the Journal of Controlled Release.
Further studies will include research into how much drug can be loaded into the cellular backpacks. Ideally, Anselmo says,
the cellular backpacks loaded with drugs would be injected into the bloodstream, whereupon they would attach to these traveling monocytes
and release their drugs.""It is a good idea to get your levels checked on a yearly basis
say the researchers. asically the main benefit is that you can deliver the drug in a more effective dose,
but it could also allow for higher doses of drug to the site, which could decrease treatment time h
The drug PDUFA target date for a decision is January 24. That date was delayed three months in October,
NPSSINGLE marketed drug is Gattex (teduglutide rdna origin), an injection drug indicated for long-term treatment of adults with short bowel syndrome (SBS) who need parenteral support.
would complement Shire existing stable of drugs for gastrointestinal diseases.""The acquisition of NPS Pharma is a significant step in advancing Shire's strategy to become a leading biotechnology company, Shire CEO Flemming Ornskov, M d,
"This makes drug screening much easier, faster and less expensive than using a mouse model, for instance,
Drugs that successfully block its action have been developed, but these drugs have to be administered for long periods of time to successfully trigger cell death and shrink tumors,
leading to considerable toxicities. This outcome is partially because cells in any one tumor have chromosomes with different telomere lengths
Since more than half of patients suffering from major depression disorder (MDD) do not respond to antidepressant treatment,
#Whole-Exome Sequencing Technology Identifies Drug Resistance Gene in Testicular cancer A study, funded by the Movember Foundation and conducted by scientists at The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) in London,
in addition to uncovering a gene that may aid tumors in promoting resistance to existing drug therapies.
about 3%of patients develop resistance to platinum-based drugs, which consequently is associated with a diminished long-term survival rate.
as Johnson & johnson leadership in this area now extends from sharing its drug data to sharing its device
Eleven drug developers have committed to sharing clinical trial data through clinicalstudydatarequest. com and allow an independent review panel to decide data requests:
but not the open-access sought by Europe chief drug regulator and Glaxosmithkline. The European Medicines Agency in October issued a more expansive data sharing policy last October,
including live cells and drugs, according to the researchers. Thousands of times thinner than the average human hair, nanofibers are used by medical researchers to create advanced wound dressings and for tissue regeneration
drug testing, stem cell therapies, and the delivery of drugs directly to the site of infection."
"The process we have developed makes it possible for almost anyone to manufacture high-quality nanofibers without the need for expensive equipment,
and officials to negotiate drug prices with developers. Now years of talk is finally translating into action on bringing down the price of cancer drugs.
The payer won say which drugs or companies are the subject of discussions, first reported last month by The Wall street journal. Brian Henry, Express Scriptsvp,
Cancer was the third most expensive category of specialty drugs last year measured per-member-per year, according to Express Scripts;
and is among a handful of key drivers of rising costs here are drugs in cancer that may give five months of life in one indication and 12 days of life in another.
Henry said June 3. hen you get to the point where you have orphan drug pricing for non-orphan drugs,
Express Scripts sees similar cost-reduction opportunity for inflammatory and MS drugs, he added. Drug makers have resisted traditionally value-based pricing,
arguing they need to recoup R&d costs. The about-face reflects the convulsive changes wrought by U s. healthcare reform
and Europe embrace of government-led value-based drug pricing. In the U k.,the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) makes formulary determinations through a ost-effectivenessthreshold assessing estimated costs of treatments or services in relation to their expected health benefits.
setting reimbursements for new drugs at the same level as the best existing comparator unless the new drugs show superiority to that comparator;
not just important new drugs. Theye also a new idea. I also think it true for Gleevec.
which are the sole buyers of drugs for state-run healthcare systems, numerous U s. payers exist.
Ph d.,research associate professor with the Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development, told GEN. Having numerous payers,
the U s is less likely to see drug developers offer the extent of free trials or money-back guarantees,
or rebates for new drugs, as many have done in Europe to gain market access. Numerous payers is one reason why prices set by U s. payers will likely be more palatable to drug developers than
as payer cut prices for less-effective treatmentsven after developers invest in IT systems, drug utilization programs,
the company immediately added Abbvie Viekira Pak to its National Preferred Formulary as the exclusive option for patients with genotype 1 hepatitis Cust three days after the FDA approved the drug.
Henry said the lower price is consistent with discounts given for the drug in Europe for Sovaldi,
Express Scriptsindependent Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committee concluded that Viekira Pak was at least clinically equivalent to two Gilead sciences drugs, Harvoni (ledipasvir and sofosbuvir) and Sovaldi (sofosbuvir.
000-a-pill pricing by noting that the cost of Sovaldi is lower than the cost of complications associated with hepatitis C treatment, such as liver damage or liver failure.
and drug developerss well as pooling and sharing of resources. Institutions, developers, and patient groups should be encouraged to form consortia capable of assembling subpopulations large enough to speed up development,
Cancer treatments marketed by eight companies accounted for six of the Top 25 Best-selling Drugs of 2014 as listed by GEN,
000 uninsured or underinsured patients in the U s. annually for the past six-and-a-half yearsore than $1 billion in free medicine. ecause the cost of drugs is one of the few transparent healthcare costs,
drugs get much public attention, yet are only a small percentage of spending and demonstrate remarkable rewards,
such rules may require treatment with a cheaper drug whose patent protection will expire soon,
The scientists believe their research paves the way to an entirely new approach for finding a drug that can cure
which can be blocked by existing drugs. Dr. Parker's team is already testing drugs that have been approved previously by the FDA for treatment of such disorders as rheumatoid arthritis
to see if they work with ALS. Obstacles still remain, however, before finding a remedy for curing
the drug-treated mice showed a six-day-faster reconstitution of hematopoiesis after bone marrow transplantation. tudying mouse models,
The new technique holds the promise of a potent new tool to offset the growing challenge of antibiotic resistance by bacterial pathogens, according to the team.
and antibiotic resistance. The research team employed the Pacbio RS II system, which can collect data on base modifications simultaneously as it collects DNA sequence data.
assistant professor of genetics and genomics at the Icahn School of medicine at Mount sinai and senior author of the study. iven that phenotypic heterogeneity within a bacterial population can increase its advantage of survival under stress conditions such as antibiotic treatment,
This may have contributed to the increasing rate of antibiotic resistance of H. pylori. he application of this new technique will enable a more comprehensive characterization of the functions of DNA methylation and their impact on bacterial physiology.
such as RNA and protein expression, will help resolve regulatory relationships that govern higher order phenotypes such as drug resistance,
"There is a need to more fully understand the long-term molecular changes in the brain involved in drug craving and relapse."
"There are changes in the brain caused by drug use that occur and persist, but are unmasked only after withdrawal from a drugn this case, cocaine,"notes Dr. Dietz."
and gene therapies to prevent drug relapses, "explains Dr. Dietz.""If we can control this pathway,
Implications for nsp5 regulation and the development of antivirals, June 8 in the Journal of Biological Chemistry.
which provides the map to design potent new drugs to fight MERS, "said Dr. Mesecar,
#New Drug Prevents Cancer cells from Staging Last Stand Unlike many last stands in human history,
one that would include a new drug, a small molecule called SBI-0206965 that inhibits autophagy.
The new drug targets ULK1, an enzyme that initiates autophagy. The drug, which was developed by scientists at Salk Institute
and Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute (SBP), was described June 25 in Molecular Cell, in an article entitled, mall Molecule Inhibition of the Autophagy Kinase ULK1 and Identification of ULK1
"This allowed us to find a drug that targeted ULK1 not just in a test tube but also in tumor cells.
Our work provides the basis for a novel drug that will treat resistant cancer by cutting off a main tumor cell survival process. i
Moreover, the rate of resistance to current drug therapies is growing exponentially and scientists are always on the hunt for novel targets that have the potential to not only treat symptoms of infected patients,
"As drug resistance is a major problem for malaria control and eradication, it is critical that that we continue to develop new antimalarials that act against previously unexploited targets in the parasite to keep priming the drug pipeline."
"The findings from this study were published recently in Cell Host Microbe through an article entitled"Parasite Calcineurin Regulates Host Cell Recognition and Attachment by Apicomplexans."
"In addition to a possible drug target, calcineurin underlies a very basic aspect of parasite biology. l
and in human tumor cells in the lab, showed that a specific drug can stop cancer cells without causing damage to healthy cells or leading to other severe side effects.
which started as an anti-cholesterol drug candidate, turns down fat synthesis so that cells can't produce their own fat.
The drug also has a good safety profile; it is effective without causing weight loss, liver toxicity,
The challenge for researchers in this scenario will be to find a way to allow the drug to cross this barrier, the body's natural protection for the brain,
drugs that modify LSD1 levels could provide a new approach to treating glioblastoma, according to the researchers.
"For instance, glioblastomas can escape the killing effects of a drug targeting MYC by simply shutting it off epigenetically
and turning it on after the drug is no longer present. Ultimately, strategies addressing this dynamic interplay will be needed for effective glioblastoma therapy."
and whether drugs could be developed to stop it from happening
#Sperm RNA Test May Improve Evaluation of Male Infertility Many couples who struggle with infertility also suffer uncertainty.
Since the first biopharmaceutical drug Humulin was launched in 1982 to the beginning of this decade (between 1982 and 2009 27 year period),
It will be maintained as the source of all cells used to produce the company drug through preclinical and clinical testing and then into commercial sale.
2012, the U s. Food and Drug Administration approved the use of Flucelvax, which is the first U s.-licensed (trivalent inactivated) influenza vaccine manufactured using cell culture technology.
The engineered ribosome may enable the production of new drugs and next-generation biomaterials and lead to a better understanding of how ribosomes function, according to the researchers.
The hope is that this could lessen the side effects of pain relief drugs.""You don want to feel sleepy or unaware,
and required technology to actually test different drugs to find something that targets the peripheral nervous system and not the central nervous system in a patient specific, or personalized manner."
This step was all-important as it prevents the drug from replicating with normal healthy cells
Around 16 percent of those given T-VEC demonstrated durable responses of more than six months, compared to just over two percent of those given the control drug.
The researchers found the drug to be most effective when used in the less advanced stages of the cancer, suggesting that T-VEC could prove a valuable early treatment option for skin cancers that are unable to be removed by a surgeon.
The drug has been submitted to both the US Federal Drug and Food administration and the European Medicines Agency for consideration, with the scientists hopeful of winning approval later this year.
#Student-designed pill dispenser uses fingerprint scanner to avoid overdosing And you thought that regular pill bottles were hard to open...
When they're subsequently supposed to take a pill, the patient holds their finger pad to the dispenser's scanner.
picking up a pill from a loaded cartridge and dropping it into an exit channel.
the treatment doesn't carry the risk of side effects that are associated often with drug treatments."
It also houses four separate chambers for carrying drugs directly to the brain and cellular-scale inorganic light-emitting diode(-ILED) arrays, allowing it to shine light on targeted cells.
If we want to influence an animal behavior with light or with a particular drug, we can simply point the remote at the animal and press a button."
the researchers were able to negate this action by remotely releasing a drug that blocks the function of the dopamine neurotransmitter.
so that drugs can be drip-fed to targeted cells as needed over a long time.""Wee successfully produced
#Pill on a string pulls early signs of cancer As with every form of the deadly disease,
what they claim to be a more accurate tool for early-diagnosis. Billed as"a pill on a string,
The Cytosponge is around the same size as a multi vitamin pill but instead of nutrition it packs a tightly compressed sponge.
the implant received market approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the US, for the treatment of Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) a degenerative condition that affects the peripheries of patient vision.
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